The Aral Sea: nsogbu nke uwa otosịrị iru

Ọbụna tupu mmalite nke sixties nke iri abụọ na narị afọ, Osimiri Aral Ọ bụ ụwa nke anọ kasị n'ọnụ ọgụgụ ọdọ. Ọ niile malitere na ọzụzụ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ mmiri ntoonu maka mmiri nke owu na ubi osikapa na osimiri na-eri nri ndị Aral Sea - na Amu Darya na Syr Darya, na-ebelata ka a dị oké egwu mgbe na-ejuputa na oké osimiri. Ma mgbe ahụ, ná mmalite sixties, na oru ama irreversible laa azu ihicha usoro ... Ebe ọ bụ na oge, Osimiri Aral nsogbu.

Na 1989, Osimiri Aral kewaa abụọ dịpụrụ adịpụ ọdọ mmiri - South Aral Sea, bụ nke Uzbekistan na North Aral Sea - Kazakhstan. Site na 1996 ọ tụfuru ¾ nke ya olu nke mmiri, na nnukwu nke bi manyere ịhapụ ebe ahụ. K 2003 - ego nke mmiri bụ naanị banyere 10%, na ya n'elu ebe - banyere a ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke mbụ. The coastline na-relegated 100-150km, salinity amụbawo abụọ na ọkara ugboro. Guzobere ebe ozugbo miri-osimiri ájá na saline desert, mpaghara 38.000 km2, e aha Aralkum.

Mgbe alaghachi azụ oké osimiri nọgidere akọrọ n'ala oké osimiri, kpuchie nnu ego na ugbo Chemicals na ọgwụ ahụhụ na-asa oyi na oge na obodo ubi. Ugboro ájá oké ifufe, ahụkarị nke desert, bulie ya niile na ikuku na-agbasa na a n'ókèala buru ibu. Ájá mgbe ekpuchi anya ruo 700-800km na iru nke ndị dị otú Russian na mpaghara dị ka Chelyabinsk na Orenburg mpaghara. Inhaling dị otú ahụ egbu egbu ájá-ewetu ndị mmadụ ike, na-ebelata ọgụ, na-eduga na nfụkasị Jeremaya na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ dị ize ndụ ọrịa. The obodo bi, ka ọ pụtara ìhè site na ndị ọkachamara n'ịgwọ ọrịa, na-arịa nile akụkụ okuku ume na ọrịa, digestive ọrịa, cancer nke na nkọlọ na akpịrị, anaemia. The ikpe nke ọrịa akụrụ, anya ọrịa na imeju na.

The Aral Sea bụ otu ugboro ogaranya Erimeri soplaya. Ugbu a larịị nke salinity na ọ bụ nnọọ ukwuu nke na otutu umu azu nwụrụ. Kacha nkịtị bi na-adịbeghị anya, e na-anọgide na a Black Sea turbot, dị ke 70s, nke bụ ihe kasị na-emegharị ka ndụ na nnu oké osimiri na mmiri, ma site 2003 nwere emiela na ọ bụ: ndị salinity nke mmiri bụ 2-4 ugboro elu karịa bụ na mbụ maka ya oké osimiri Wednesday. The anụ ahụ na-now na-egbute azụ mgbe igosipụta kwa elu a larịị ọgwụ ahụhụ na-adịkarị na-emetụta priaraltsev ahụ ike. Fishing na nhazi ụlọ ọrụ na-anyụ na ndị bi na-anọgide na-enweghị ọrụ ...

Environmental nsogbu nke Osimiri Aral emetụta bụghị naanị Aral Sea mpaghara. Site mịrị amị elu na-agbasa kwa afọ karịrị 100 puku. Tọn nnu na ezi ájá si admixture nke dị iche iche na nsị na kemikal, nwere a ọdachi mmetụta na gburugburu ndụ. Mụbara mmetọ mmetụta na-eme ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na Aral Sea dị na ụzọ nke a ike ugboelu iyi nke ikuku, nke na-eme ka a ájá mwepụ na elu n'ígwé nke ikuku, n'ihi ya, ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na metụtara nke nnu aga hụrụ Europe na ọbụna (onye ga na-eche!) Arctic Ocean .

Na ẹsụhọde nke mmiri larịị ke Aral zie ala ozo na iji mee ngwangwa usoro nke ala ọzara gburugburu chakoo. Ebe ufọt ufọt 1990s, kama lush green osisi, osisi na herbs na-hụrụ ebe a na obere ibé osisi (Halophyte na Xerophytes) emegharị nkụ na saline Ona. Mammals na nnụnụ, na-eme otú ahụ, wee na ọ dịghị ihe karịrị ọkara nke ndị obodo umu. The idụhe n'ime 100 kilometa ebe nke mbụ coastline gbanwere n'oge oyi bụ colder okpomọkụ - hotter ebelata larịị nke iru mmiri, nke, N'ezie, na-emetụta ego nke ọdịda wee ọzọ mgbe hụrụ oké ọkọchị na ahịhịa oge mgbada n'usoro.

Ime na gburugburu ebe obibi pụrụ ịbụ nnọọ ngwa ngwa, ma wughachi ya - a usoro ogologo ma sie ike. Complete mweghachi nke Aral Sea, Ewoo, bụ agaghịkwa ekwe omume, ma mgbalị a na (na unsuccessfully) mgbake nke edere - Obere Aral. The Government nke Kazakhstan na enyemaka nke World Bank na-ewere ihe iji meziwanye ya mmiri larịị ma si otú belata ịtọ.