The Chinese Communist Party: isi ụbọchị, ndị ndú, ihe mgbaru ọsọ

The kasị òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ụwa, na-achị obodo, e hiwere na 1921 mgbe e meriri nke Kuomintang (Chinese National Ndị mmadụ Party) na ọgwụgwụ nke na Chinese Civil War. Ọ bụ CCP - na Chinese Communist Party. Naanị Communist Party ruo mgbe mgbasa ya nwere ike jiri ya tụnyere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke CCP òtù.

kere eke

Ná mmalite nke iri abụọ na narị afọ, China hụrụ ịrị elu nke amamihe ije, na-agbasa echiche ndị Marxism-Leninism n'okpuru nduzi nke Comintern na izugbe ọnọdụ na Russia. Creation nke Communist Party nke China a kpasuru iwe na October mgbanwe, mgbe nke a ìgwè nke Chinese ụbụrụ na-aghọ, tọrọ ntọala a nzukọ ọhụrụ. N'ihi na a mgbe ha na-arụ ọrụ iwu na-akwadoghị ọnọdụ. Nchoputa na onye ndú nke Communist Party nke China si 1921 na 1927, Chen Dus ọbụna haziri nke mbụ nzuko na Shanghai n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1921.

A nnukwu ọrụ ke guzobere nzukọ, nke bụ a obere gburugburu ngwa ngwa ghọọ a nnukwu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị agha, na-egwuri abụọ nke ya onye ndú - Li Lisan na nhazi nke mbụ Marxist okirikiri Li Dazhao. Na mbu nzuko nke China, ebe ihe omume esesịn a haziri Communist Party, o kwuru, ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya - ruo mgbe ụlọ nke socialism na China. Ebe ọ bụ na mgbe ahụ, ọ na-a iri na asatọ congresses, ikpeazụ nke nke weere ọnọdụ na November 2012.

Oge Party History

Akpa, na Kuomintang, na Chinese Communist Party kpụrụ jikọọ aka megide niile militarist iche iche - akpa n'otu n'ihu. Mgbe ahụ, afọ iri tupu 1937, ọ mpi maka ike ebe ọ bụ na KMT. Ma mgbe China ahụhụ Japanese ime ihe ike, na CCP manyere ichoputa na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-emegide na-emeghe abụọ nkwonkwo nke a n'otu n'ihu megide Japanese. Iji merie fasizim (September 1945), agha kere.

Na 1946, ndị na-alụso Kuomintang malitere ọzọ ruo 1949 enwetara akụkụ nke a agha obodo. The Chinese Communist Party meriri ndị KMT na n'ihi mmeri a wee ike na mba. Peoples Republic of China e tọrọ ntọala. Mgbe ahụ Mao Zedong ulo oru Cultural mgbanwe. All Central ozu ndị ọzọ na ọ bụ oge iji hazigharịa ya ma ọ bụ na-apụ n'anya. Ruo mgbe 1956, China bụ na-edochaghị anya. Mgbe Mao ọnwụ Den Syaopin nwayọọ nwayọọ nwetaghachiri fọrọ nke nta niile na akụkụ nke ọzọ, ma si otú laghachiri obodo ozu n'okpuru akara nke party ọzọ.

njikwa

The CCP Charter stipulates kasị elu achị isi nke ọzọ, nke bụ National Congress nke Communist Party nke China kpọkọrọ ozugbo ọ bụla afọ ise. Ke adianade do, e nwere ndị ọzọ njikwa. Nke a Central Committee, nke na-agba ndị Politburo nke iri abụọ na ise ndị mmadụ (n'etiti ha asa - adịgide Adịgide Committee nke Central Committee), isi ndutịm ahụ nke General Secretary nke CPC Central Committee na isi - Secretariat nke CPC Central Kọmitii. Ndien ke akpatre, ndị Central Military Commission nke CCP Central Committee na duplicates akara nke Chinese agha kansul.

Routinely elekọta, Monitors, na-ahazi workflow na ndị ọzọ ịrụ ọrụ nke General Directorate (Office nke CPC Central Committee). Ke adianade do, bụ Central Commission, nke bụ isiokwu bụ naanị ndị National Congress, na ya ọrụ - akara aka ná ntị, na-agha megide nrụrụ aka na ajọ mpụ ndị ọzọ na party n'ohu. E nwere na mba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị-Legal Commission ka Central party ngwa nke iwu na nhazi atumatu. Political Security Division na ọrụ nke anụ ahụ nchedo ndutịm board bụ Central Security Bureau nke Communist Party nke China .

Congress ọrụ

Mmezu Iwu ọrụ na Congress abụọ: ọ na-eme na-anakwere ndị mmegharị, mgbanwe ndị na-party ukpuru na elects ndị Central Committee nke Communist Party nke China. Ọzọkwa, Central Committee na plenum elects na Politburo, ọnụ na Dịwara Committee na Secretary General. Ma fọrọ nke nta niile nke ndị a mkpebi na-mere ogologo oge tupu Congress, ebe naanị mere ka ọha atumatu na-aga na-mejuputa Communist Party nke China, na mba development na-ebute ụzọ maka ọzọ afọ ise.

CCP - bụghị naanị isi ngwa nke ike ọchịchị na China. E bụ State Council na Ndị mmadụ Ntọhapụ Army. Ikike a deliberative votu nwere Ndị mmadụ Political Consultative Conference, na na 80s ejikwara site Central Commission ike Den Syaopinom, oche nke CPC ndụmọdụ.

nọmba

Communist Party nke China akwụkwọ na 1921 mere na-ekwe nkwa ya a oge a na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ike ebe ọ bụ na nzukọ incredibly obere: naanị iri na abụọ ahụ bịara mgbakọ ndụk akpa illegal nzuko na Shanghai. Site na 1922, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọchịchị Kọmunist abawanyele n'ike n'ike: ha na-aghọ otu narị na iri itoolu na abụọ. Na 1923, ndị CCP agukọta na narị anọ na iri abụọ na ndị mmadụ, na a afọ - fọrọ nke nta ka a puku. Na 1927, otu ka toro ka 58 000 so, na na 1945 - mebiwo nde. Mgbe osụhọ ndị na-eguzogide nke KMT, na ndị ọzọ na a ịrịba ibu, site 1957 karịa iri nde mmadụ sonyeere CCP, na na 2000 ha na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-eto ka iri isii nde.

The ọzọ Party Congress na 2002 ikike n'ikuku na nọmba nke ọchụ ntá ego, nke ukwu mụbara ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọrụ. Ọzọkwa, Central Committee a họpụtara Chzhan Zhuymin, onye bụ onyeisi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ Haier, na n'ozuzu ka a ghọta na a emetụbeghị. N'ihi ya, na CCP wee millionaires na billionaires, dị ka Liang Wengen keere òkè na Congress nke CPC, n'agbanyeghị na o nwere n'elu ntụpọ millionaires ogo na Forbes magazine na 2011. Ugbu a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke CPC karịa 85 nde mmadụ.

Ndị na-esi nke Cultural mgbanwe

Na oge site na 1965 ka 1976, China ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ihe, a na-akpọ Cultural mgbanwe, na-alụ mere ka nsogbu n'ime Communist Party, nke bụ kpatara nke ma esịtidem na mpụga atumatu nke Mao Zedong.

Na-akwado ya na-enyemaka nke-eguzosi ike n'ihe agha nkeji na-amụrụ na-eto eto anọgide ndi nile Party òtù, iche site agha, etisasịwo na Party Committee, Party ọrụ repressed, n'etiti ha dị ọtụtụ ifịk òtù, na-aga ime na Politburo na Central Committee nke CPC.

mgbanwe

Mgbe ọnwụ nke Mao na 1979 naanị, mba malitere mgbanwe na mgbasa nke mpụga mmekọahụ n'okpuru nduzi Den Syaopina - na Secretary General si 1976 na 1981. The ebumnobi nke Chinese Communist Party agbanweela nnọọ ebe ọ bụ na a oké njọ mkpa ime nke ugbua na mba ahụ. The mgbanwe rụrụ anọgide na ọtụtụ ebe niile na ngalaba nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na aku usoro.

N'ihi ya, anyị na-akọwa na ogologo osisi ebe, nke kwesịrị mba development. The ọhụrụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ a na-akpọ oruru nke socialism na Chinese e ji mara, nke pụtara n'ihu nke mgbanwe na openness ka n'èzí ụwa. Hoputara general odeakwụkwọ na 2012. XI Jinping iso a iwu, na egosi na aga na azụmahịa echiche: na revival nke mba ga-enwe ike iji nweta naanị Chinese Communist Party.

na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-achị

The-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke mgbanwe malitere Den Syaopin, onye maara eme ya ike idowe ike n'ebe Filiks ke aka nke CCP. Ekwe omume nke ọzọ na ya ikike kwere ọbụna n'agbanyeghị na nke oge a na China na-ajụ ụzọ nke democratization na iji chebe ẹdude na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ntọala mbụ. Na otu aka, mkpebi a na-enwe mmetụta na-atụ nke USSR, na ndị ọzọ - atụ nke Taiwan na South Korea. Nanị otu ke ike - bụ inye ruo ọtụtụ afọ nke mbụ na China usoro party ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.

Slogan na a ọhụrụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ, "ụlọ nke socialism na Chinese e ji mara" apụtawo na njikọ na mkpa nke mgbanwe, rụrụ "si n'elu", ya bụ, mgbanwe mmadụ na-elekọta mmadụ na aku na uba, kama, na-esonụ inwe nke ike ma na-echebekwa ndị kasị ọrụ nke Party niile Filiks. Okwu "socialism" bụ isi ihe na ebe a. Ọ bụ ya mere aha Mao Zedong nwere na China ga-akpa ókè megide site. Ọ bụ ugbu a, na mberede, na-ada ọzọ na na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya nsọpụrụ. PDA ike azụ na mgbọrọgwụ ya.

intraparty faction

The na-akpọ "Beijing Komsomol" - neomaoisty, mgbe mgbe, si ndị kasị daa ogbenye na mpaghara, a ga na-arụ ọrụ ịzụlite ha n'ebe obibi ha ruru ka baa ọgaranya anāchi achi, dị ka seaside. Ha kweere China bụ onye ndú na-emepe emepe. The ndú nke otu a - mbụ general odeakwụkwọ Hu Jintao. Nọchiri ya dị ka Secretary General - XI dịwo atụle a supporter nke "Shanghai Group", ma ka banye ihe jikọrọ ya na "Beijing".

The na-akpọ "Shanghai ìgwè" - nke Shanghai, na CCP isi onye "na-akwalite" Jiang Zemin , mgbe ọ ka onyeisi obodo nke Shanghai, na mgbe e mesịrị natara a post Hu. Mgbe ya azụ site na post eri nke ike na dum na-edu ndú nke CPC nọgidere na aka ya, ndị ya n'ebe nile. E nwere ihe ọzọ party J.Randall otu na-akpọ "Old ghara inwe afọ ojuju" na-emegide ahịa mgbanwe.

Iri na Otu Jinping

Na 2012, nke Iri na Otu Jinping biarue ebe nke Hu Jintao, isi nke otu afọ iri. Nke a nomination bụ nnọọ ogologo, "otlozhivalas": afọ ise ka a ghọta na a ozi kwetara na ọ ga-abụ onye ndú nke China na Communist Party. O wee were nke abụọ post - ghọrọ onyeisi oche nke China agha kansul.

Nke nta nke nta omume "mkpụrụ" n'ime otu na-tightened niile tighter. Si, n'ihi na ihe atụ, ọhụrụ iwu na 2015 machibidoro Chinese Kọmunist na-egwu golf, rie-emezu oké nri, ọbụnakwa ịga ịdịghachi. Ọ na-machibidoro ịkatọ party n'ụdị ọ bụla.

More kpọmkwem bans

Ke adianade do, na January 1, 2016 party nọ machibidoro iwu ohere ka mma, golf, na ihe ọ bụla ọzọ onwe klọb. Ha kenyere mfe n'ụdị ya nile na nchedo oké. Bans n'ezie aka ike: na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị ọzọ ọ bụla amaghi okwu ekwesịghị ịbụ, ụmụ amaala mgbanwe a na-egbu, na-adịgide adịgide-agba ná mba ọzọ, kwa, n'ịgba nkwurịta okwu na ndị na-abụghị ndị òtù nke otu na-na-akwado (nke a na-agụnye dị nnọọ ndị agbata obi na obodo, ụmụ klas na comrades-in-aka ), mmekọahụ ọrụ anaghị eji ya, ihe ha na-adịghị, "na-ekwesịghị ekwesị" mmekọahụ kwa ekwesịghị ịbụ. N'ihi ya, onyeisi oche nke Communist Party nke China na-o doro anya na aiming ẹkedori a ọhụrụ mgbochi mmebi ọchịchị, nakwa dị ka na ya sikwuo ike.

Ukpan nke okpukpe na CCP

Ịghara okpukpe aghọwo a nchegbu nke òtù nile nke Chinese Communist Party, gụnyere ndị bụbu ndị ọchịchị. Religious ọrụ nke ụmụ amaala na-jide ma ọ bụ ẹkenịmde ọ bụla uru maka mkpa post, isiokwu ịchịkwa na-eso apụghị izere ezere ntaramahụhụ abịa mwepu si n'ohu. Dị ka Reuters, ọbụna ogologo oge gara aga gbara arụkwaghịm isi isonye na ihe omume okpukpe amachibidoro. Ọ bụ ezie na Chinese oruru spelt nnwere onwe nke okpukpe, ndị Communist Party nke China na-esochi niile ọrụ ndị na-na-òtù nke ọzọ.

Official Omeiwu akwụkwọ akụkọ nke China agbala na nkwupụta nke nzukọ ngalaba, ebe ọ bụ kwuru na mbụ obodo ohu na-na-ụgwọ na-ezere nke a okpukpe. Party òtù ike itinye aka na òtù okpukpe, na aka nke ọzọ, ha na-chọrọ iguzogidesi ọjọ òtù nzuzo. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ nke nwere ike ime ka ọrụ na-emesi ọchịchị ahụ na-ejikọta ya na ihe ọ bụla omenala agbụrụ ndiife n'ememe, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-adịghị metụtara okpukpe ọ bụla, ekpemekpe nile. Òtù okpukpe ke Ndị Mmadụ Republic of China dị iche iche ihe, ike na-adịbeghị anya, nke bụ ya mere ada dị iche iche ndị ndú okpukpe tightened, ẹkenịmde isiike suppression nile di iche iche nke nzukọ okpukpe na omume.