The Congress of Vienna: nkewa nke Europe na narị afọ nke 19

N'oge ikpeazụ nke March 1814 Allied agha mmeri banyere Paris. Nke a pụtara zuru ezu na mmeri nke Napoleonic France na kacha mkpochapu afọ nke European agha. Napoleon onwe ya n'oge na-adịghị abdicated na a chụgara Elba, na-emeri allies na negotiating table ka remake na map nke Europe.

Iji mee nke a, na Congress of Vienna e nwere, nke e nwere na Austria na 1814-1815, karị. Ọ e gara site nnọchianya si Russia, England, Austria, Prussia, France na Portugal.

Isi okwu kwara bụ: redistribution nke Europe na ihu ọma nke na-enwe mmeri mba, na-eweghachiri onyeeze na Europe na iji gbochie ọ bụla ga-ekwe omume nke na-alaghachi ike nke Napoleon.

Na France, ọ nabataghachiri site nnọchiteanya nke Bourbon usoro ndị eze, were ocheeze Lyudovik Xviii, esote onye nketa ka ndị gburu Louis XVI. Ke adianade do, na mmeri ga-eweghachi ochie iji - na feudal ama na absolutist. N'ezie, mgbe nile na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị rụzuru nke French mgbanwe, nke a na ebumnobi bụ utopian, ma o sina dị, ruo ọtụtụ afọ, Europe bataworo conservatism na mmeghachi omume ọchịchị.

Isi nsogbu bụ redistribution ala, karịsịa na Poland na Saxony. Russian Emperor Alexander m chọrọ isonyere Polish ala na ókèala Russia, Saxony na inye ike nke Prussia. Ma ndị nnọchiteanya nke Austria, Great Britain na France ike gbochie mkpebi dị otú ahụ. Ọbụna ha na-aka a nzuzo nkwekọrịta na imekọ ihe ọnụ megide territorial ambitions nke Prussia na Russia, otú akpa ogbo nke ndị dị otú a re-nkewa bụghị ẹka ebe.

Ke ofụri ofụri, Congress of Vienna gosiri na isi kara agha chọpụtara na Russia, Prussia, England na Austria. Haggling na ise okwu n'etiti onwe ha, ndị na-anọchite anya nke mba ndị a rụrụ isi re-nkewa nke Europe.

N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1815, Napoleon agbapụla Elba, o rutere n'ebe France na ulo oru a ọhụrụ agha. N'oge na-adịghị, Otú ọ dị, ndị agha ya e kpamkpam meriri na Waterloo na Congress of Vienna na 1815 malitere na-arụ ọrụ na ihe ngwa ngwa na ọnụego. Ugbu a, ndị sonyere gbalịrị dị ka ngwa ngwa dị ka o kwere na-eme mkpebi ikpeazụ na territorial Ọdịdị nke Europe.

Ná mmalite nke July 1815 ọ aka site n'ozuzu omume nke Congress, dị ka nke France kọrọ n'ala niile meriri mbụ. Russia etinye obi gị dum na Duchy nke Warsaw, nke ugbu a kpọrọ Alaeze Poland. Rhineland, Poznan, Westphalia na Saxony na ọtụtụ akụkụ gabiga Prussia. Austria enyekwara ya n'ókèala Lombardy, Galicia na Venice, na otu nke North German isi (German Confederation) , a na obodo a na-enweta ihe kasị akpa. N'ezie, nke a na-emetụta ndị ọdịmma nke ndị Prussian ala.

Na Italy, Alaeze Sardinia e weghachiri accede na Savoy na Nice, n'otu oge akwado ikike nke House of Savoy. Tuscany, Modena na Parma bịara n'okpuru ike nke na-anọchite anya nke Austrian Habsburgs. Rome ọzọ bịara n'okpuru ikike nke pope, laghachi niile ochie iwu. Na Naples, ọdụ n'ocheeze nke Bourbons. Kpụrụ Alaeze Netherlands si Netherlands na Belgium.

Obere German na-ekwu na-kagburu Napoleon, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na e gbakee. Ha ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ na-ebelata site fọrọ nke nta ka ugboro iri. Otú ọ dị, fragmentation nke Germany, nke bụ ugbu a 38 na-ekwu, nọgidere na otu.

Iji England wee colonial ala na ọ were na Spain, France na Holland. The Isuo Malta , na Ceylon, na Cape nke Good Hope, Guyana, Ionian Islands na-now finalizing a British alaeze.

Confederation nke iri na itoolu Swiss cantons e guzobere nke kwusara "ebighi-ebi na-anọpụ iche". Norway ebe n'ime ike nke Sweden, na-enweta ya site na Danish.

Ma niile na-enweghị isịneke mba Europe na-atụ egwu gabigara ike nke Russia, n'ihi na ọ bụ obodo bụ ọrụ nke na-eto eto n'elu Napoleon agha.

The Vienna Conference bụ ugbu a zuru ezu, ma n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1815, Alexander m kpebiri na m inokota ọhụrụ European iji na akwado na-eduga ọrụ nke Russia na England. On ya n'uche, nkwekọrịta e banyere on oruru nke Nsọ Alliance, nke gụnyere Austria, Prussia na Russian Alaeze Ukwu. Dị ka nkwekọrịta, ndị ọchịchị kwere nkwa inyere onye ọ bụla ọzọ bụrụ na nke mgbanwe ma ọ bụ na-ewu ewu nnupụisi.

The Congress of Vienna na ya mkpebi nwere a bụrụkwa mmetụta na dum European usoro. Nanị mgbe 1917, mgbe mbụ World War, na European ebe ga-redrawn ọzọ.