The Emperor of All Russia Ivan 3: biography, n'oge ọchịchị

The Emperor of All Russia Ivan 3 mụrụ na oge jupụtara ịrịba ama mere metụtara na-ekpegara raids nke Tatars na ọgụ na mgba isi jupụtara aghụghọ ma nye. Na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russia, ọ banyere dị ka a mkpoko nke Russian ala. Nke a na-kwupụtara na njuputa nke ọrụ ya na oruru nke ala, na onye were mesịrị isii nke ụwa.

mebiri nwata

On a kentuoyi oyi n'ụbọchị, January 22, 1440 n'elu Moscow ese ụda nke hey - nwunye Grand Prince Vasily II Mariya Yaroslavna n'enweghị nyefere. Jehova zitere gọvanọ nwa na onye-nketa, betrothed nke nsọ baptism, Ivan na nsọpụrụ nke St. Ioanna Zlatousta, onye na ebe nchekwa na-eme ememe na-esote ụbọchị ole na ole.

The ọṅụ nke a obi ụtọ na gbasaghị nwata, na-eto eto nnukwu-isi wee njedebe mgbe, na 1445 Suzdal squad n'okpuru nna ya wezuga meriri Tatar ìgwè, na onye-isi nọ thrall nke Khan Ulu-Muhammed. Bi Moscow na ya ruo nwa oge gọvanọ Dmitriy Yurevich Shemyaka nọ na-eche maka nso mbuso agha nke villains na obodo ha, nke-apụghị izere ezere anana ịtụ ụjọ na inwe obi nkoropụ.

Aghụghọ iro Duke

Ma, oge a Chineke gbochiri nsogbu, mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, Prince Vasili laghachi, ma n'ihi na ndị bi na Moscow na-amanye izipu na Horde mgbapụta ichekwa n'ụzọ gabigara nchikota ha. Enweghị afọ ojuju na-bi wee uru nke ọhụrụ ahụ bịaranụ na-akwado a uto nke ike Dmitriya Shemyaki na kekọtara nkekọta-madu megide ha iwu kwadoro Ọkaakaa.

Novgorod Chronicle agwa otú na ụzọ a njem uka Atọ n'Ime Otu-Sergius Lavra Vasily III e aghụghọ weghaara na kpuo ìsì iji Shemyaka. Nke a mere ka ọ nọ ọdụ n'azụ ya na aha otutu "The Dark", na onye ọ maara na nke a ụbọchị. Iji ziri ezi omume ha na-nkekọta malitere a akukọ Basil ụma me ka Tatars na Russia, nye ha ebere nke ya ebutere ka obodo na parish.

na Prince of Tver Union

N'ọdịnihu Grand Duke Ivan III na ya tọrọ ụmụnna a ma ama bụ ndị kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi na nna-ya, wepuga onwe-ya si aghụghọ nweta ọchịchị na Murom, ma n'oge na-adịghị jisiri duhie ịraba-eto eto nnukwu-isi na Moscow, na mgbe ahụ zitere Uglich, ebe ahụsi anya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ nna-ya. O siri ike igosi ihe na-akpata ya ga-eme n'ọdịnihu na-eme - ma na ọ nātu egwu nke iwe Jehova, ma ọ bụ, yikarịrị, nwere ya uru, kama ọ bụ naanị mgbe a ọnwa ole na ole Shemyaka tọhapụrụ kpuo ìsì ha n'agha, na ọbụna nyere ya na-onwunwe nke kpọmkwem Vologda.

Ngụkọta oge nke na ikpu ìsì na ọnwa nọrọ na nga, nyawaa mkpọrọ owụt Shemyaka egbu ndudue na-eri ya nke mesịrị ndụ. Ozugbo free, Basil na nwa ya wee na Tver Prince Boris, na a ọgbụgba ndụ ya na ya, n'oge na-adịghị pụtara na Moscow na isi nke a nnukwu squad. aghụghọ nweta ọchịchị ọchịchị dara, na ọ gbagara Uglich. Maka nchebe karị, e mere a afọ isii njikọ aka na akwa isi Ivan Boris nwa Princess Mary, nke n'oge ahụ dị naanị afọ anọ.

The mbụ agha

Na ochie ụmụ toro kwa n'oge na ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na na afọ itoolu, onye-nketa-amalite-ezo aka na Grand Duke, na 1452, ọdịnihu Tsar of All Russia Ivan 3 isi ndị agha zitere nna ya weghara Ustyug wusiri ike Kokshengu, nke na-egosi onwe ya mma-guzobere Voivod.

Akada citadel na n'agha obodo, Ivan laghachi Moscow. Ebe a na ọnụnọ nke elu ụkọchukwu, na na confluence nke a nnukwu ìgwè mmadụ, ọ na-, iri na abua oke a n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro lụrụ ya nwunye afọ iri. N'otu oge ahụ, na-ekwesị ntụkwasị obi nke Prince nsí Uglich ezo e Shemyaka karịa gwụsịa ya nzọrọ ike ma kwụsị ọbara infighting.

On fọrọ nke onwe ha na-achị

Ụdi afọ, Ivan III ghọrọ co-regent na nna-ya na Basil II ke otu ụzọ dị ka ọ na-ezo na Grand Duke. chekwaa mkpụrụ ego nke oge na "ospodari All Russia" e dere ruo ugbu a. Na oge a nke ọchịchị ya bụ a yinye ekpegara agha mkpọsa nke, eduzi ahụmahụ Voivod Fyodor akuko ifo, ọ na-aghọta na nkà nke generalship, nke nkà ga-mkpa nke ukwuu mgbe e mesịrị.

Na 1460 Vasiliy Tomny nwụrụ, ọ mere a uche tupu ọnwụ ya, dị ka nke ọbubu-eze nke Ivan III akp ka ọtụtụ ndị obodo na mba. Adịghị m echefu ya na ndị fọdụrụ n'ime ụmụ ya, na-enye onye ọ bụla appanage patrimonies. Mgbe ọnwụ ya, Ivan kpọmkwem ihe nna ya site n'inye onye ọ bụla n'ime ụmụnna ndị ala n'ihi ya, na ghọrọ ọhụrụ naanị onye na-achị nke Moscow ihe gbasara onye isi.

First nzọụkwụ

Mee elu mee ghọrọ eburịta esịtidem na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị esemokwu na mpụga esemokwu, orú Ivan III, natara mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị, ike nile a mma-guzobere onye na-achị. Ebe ketara n'aka oké Basil II, ma-agụghị oké haziri ndutịm ihe gbasara onye isi, o duuru n'ụbọchị ndị mbụ nke ọchịchị a siri ike akara na ya ike na mmụba.

Ka iche ikike zuru ezu, John bụ isi na-eche banyere ike n'ozuzu ọnọdụ nke ala. N'ihi nke a, ọ enen mbụ kwubiri nkwekọrịta na Tver na Belozersk ihe gbasara onye isi, na-ike ya mmetụta na Ryazan, ịtụkwasị na ọchịchị ya onye na pụtara ìhè e wezụga ya onwe ya nwaanyị.

Mmụba nke mba ọzọ

Ná mmalite seventies, Ivan III malitere isi kpatara nke ndụ ya - njikọ ahụ ọzọ nke Moscow Russian isi, nke mbụ nke nke bụ ihe onwunwe nke Yaroslavl Prince Alexander Fedorovich, bụ onye nwụrụ na 1471. Nọchiri ya hụrụ ya ihe ọma, natara n'usoro nke boyar, na-aghọ a kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi na ohu nke Moscow-achị achị.

Maka Yaroslavl ihe gbasara onye isi soro Dmitrov, na-gafere n'okpuru ikike nke Grand Duke nke Moscow. Ọ na-adịghị anya sonyeere na Rostov ala ahu, nke ndi-isi họọrọ isonye nke na-eje ozi ama ya dị ike na onye agbata obi.

Mmeri nke Novgorod na ọmụmụ nke a aha ọhụrụ

A pụrụ iche n'etiti "nzukọ nke Russian ala", ka usoro a bịara mara mgbe e mesịrị, na-ewe kpọọ nke Moscow onwe ha ruo mgbe ahụ Novgorod, bụ dị iche na ọtụtụ isi, free ahia na oké ozu ala. Novgorod Capture setịrị na a zuru ezu ogologo oge, 1471 na 1477, na gụnyere abụọ agha, nke mbụ nke bụ nke biri na a nnukwu indemnity ugwo Novgorod, na nke abụọ mere ka a zuru ezu na ọnwụ nke onwe nke obodo ochie a.

Ọ bụ ọgwụgwụ nke Novgorod hiking aghọwo ịrịba ama na ihe mere eme, mgbe Ivan 3 ghọrọ Emperor of All Russia. Nke a mere nwere obere site ohere. Abụọ nke Novgorod, bụ onye bịara Moscow na azụmahịa, aza ajụjụ maka a aririọ degaara ndị Grand Duke, megidere a oge tupu ọgwụgwọ "Onyenwe anyị", ji okwu bụ "Ọkaakaa". Ma ọ bụ kpachaara anya ma ọ bụ na mberede ileghara nke pen site okwu ire ụtọ, ma ihe nile, na karịsịa na Prince, dị ka ngosipụta nke iguzosi ike n'ihe mmetụta nwere n'uche. Site n'oge a, na kpebiri ikwu na doo nke Ivan 3 aha Emperor of All Russia.

Na mbuso agha nke Tatar Khan Akhmad

N'oge mgbe a na isi nke Moscow ihe gbasara onye isi bụ Eze Ukwu nke All Russia Ivan 3, dara kasị mkpa omume nke akụkọ ihe mere eme, na-etinye njedebe nke ike nke Horde. Ọ a maara dị ka guzo na Ugra. Ọ na-e kpọkwasịwo a usoro nke na-alụ ọgụ n'ime Tatar ala, n'ihi nke a bụ ọdịda ya na a ịrịba idem emem. N'iji nke a, John 3, akpa Tsar of All Russia, jụrụ na-akwụ ụtụ ahụ set, na ọbụna nyere iwu ka e gbuo iji nnọchiteanya ya.

Dị otú ahụ audacity emetụbeghị tupu nyere ịrị elu nke Tatar Khan Akhmad, a mbido nkwekọrịta na Lithuanian onye na-achị Casimir, na-amalite a nkuzi megide Russia. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1480 ọ bụ na a oké usu-gafere Oka ma ulo-ikwū na bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke osimiri Ugra. Ọ kpọliri izute Russian agha, nke na-aga onwe Ivan 3, Eze Ukwu nke All Russia. Nkenke akọwa ụdi ihe, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru na ha imubanye n'ime nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ agha, na na-bụghị naanị ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị iro ọgụ, napụtara ndị Russia.

Ẹkụre Mongol-Tatar yoke na-agwụ ike nke Lithuania

Mgbe guzo na Ugra tupu mmalite nke oyi, na-enweghị na-eche ka nkwa Casimir-elekọta ma na-atụ egwu nke onye-isi retinue, nọ na-echere ha na n'akụkụ nke ọzọ, ndị Tatars na-amanye agbahapụ. Chua ndị Russia, ha esiwo miri n'ime Lithuanian ala, nke obi ọjọọ n'agha na mmegwara maka ndị mebiri nke ha isi nkwa ime.

Ọ bụghị naanị na ndị ikpeazụ isi mbuso agha nke na-akwagharị akwagharị na Russia na-agwụ agwụ n'oge Tatar-Mongol yoke, ma ịrịba idem emem Duchy nke Lithuania, bụ mgbe niile na-egwu site n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ala nke ala. Ebe ọ bụ na oge a megidere ha bụ karịsịa nnukwu, ebe ọ bụ isonyere Ivan III Moscow princedom ọkpụrụkpụ ebe gụnyere atuaha na atụmatụ nke Lithuanian-achị achị.

Policy n'ebe Crimea na Kazan Khanate

Nkọ na anya-ahụ ụzọ nke ọma ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ivan III, onye n'oge eze ndị a oge nke na-aga n'ihu na-alụ maka nnwere onwe nke Russian ala, na-ebelata-awakpo Lithuanians banye njikọ aka ha na Crimea Khanate, na breakaway dị ka a n'ihi nke internecine mgba nke ugboro dike Golden Horde. Dị ka ndị mkpọrọ na Moscow nkwekọrịta, ya isi ugboro ugboro bibiri ha raids Russia ọjọọ n'ókèala, si otú ebelata ha nwere na-emegide.

Ọtụtụ ihe ka njọ bụ mmekọahụ nke Eze Ukwu nke All Russia na ndị Kazan Khanate. Ugboro Tatar ịwakpo amanye ndị Russia na-eme a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke na-azaghachi, biri na ọdịda. Nsogbu a nọgidere unsolved ruo na nsọtụ nke ọchịchị Ivan III na ketara site ya nọchiri.

mwube nke Ivangorod

N'abụ ahụ Moscow ihe gbasara onye isi nke Novgorod anana-a nsogbu ọhụrụ - ugwu-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ onye agbata obi nke Russia ghọrọ Livonia. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmekọahụ mba a mara dị iche iche nkebi, gụnyere ihe dị mma oge na-agbaso site ọgụ egbe. Otu n'ime ihe ndị e ji Emperor of All Russia Ivan 3 n'ihi na ókè-ala-nche, nke kasị mkpa ebe a na-ji site na-ewu ewu na 1492 nke ebe e wusiri ike Ivangorod na River Narva.

Ọzọkwa mmụba nke Moscow ihe gbasara onye isi

Mgbe mmeri nke Novgorod, mgbe Ivan 3 aha ya bụ Eze Ukwu nke All Russia, isonyere ha ọhụrụ ala nke-uku enwekwukwa. Malite site 1481, na ihe gbasara onye isi nke Moscow e akp n'ihi na Nsonye nke n'ókèala n'oge gara nke onye-isi Vologda Andrei obere mgbe Vereisky Duke Mikhail Andreyevich.

A ụfọdụ ihe isi ike bụ subordination nke Moscow, Tver ihe gbasara onye isi, nke nyere a mmalite ejedebe na agha, biri na mmeri maka Ivan. Okpu ịnọgide na-enwe nnwere onwe dị ka Ryazan na Pskov ala, ka onye-nwe nke, mgbe ogologo ma ọma na mgba bụ Moscow Prince Ivan III.

The biography a ma ama na onye na-achị nke Russian ala njikọ chiri na mgbanwe o ketara a dịtụ obere nkezi nke ihe gbasara onye isi n'ime a dị ike na ala. Ọ na-na steeti a na-ndabere nke niile Russia ọdịnihu, na nke ọ banyere ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị Ivan Ukwu ahụ. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mgbanwe a ha mere onye na-achị n'ohu n'etiti ndị kasị na-akwanyere ùgwù na ọnụ ọgụgụ na Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme.

Life njem o dechara na October 27, 1505, naanị nkenke ọbọhọ ya na nwunye ya Sofyu Paleolog. Presentiment nke abịanụ ọnwụ, Ivan Veliky wee si na omume. Adịbeghị anya ọnwa o jikwa na-eleta ebe nsọ. Ntụ "gatherer nke Russian ala" narị afọ anọ lie Onyeisi Ndị Mmụọ Ozi Cathedral, emi odude ke Moscow Kremlin, mgbidi nke e wuru n'oge ọchịchị ya, na ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ nọgidere a ncheta nke oge ahụ, bụ nke Onye Okike Ivan 3. The aha nke Emperor of All Russia mgbe ọ banyere n'ime a na-adịgide adịgide ngwa ma bụ na ndị niile nwere ohere lagoro n'ocheeze.