The gas pipeline "Nabucco": atụmatụ, ụzọ

"Nabucco" gas pipeline (Nabucco) - a okporo ụzọ ogologo nke 3300 kilomita. Na na ya, ị nwere ike mepụta nnyefe nke mmanụ Azerbaijan na Central Asia na EU mba. "Nabucco" - gas pipeline, nke e kwesịrị ezitekwara isi Germany na Austria. Aha ya na-abịa site otu ọrụ nke ama dere Dzhuzeppe Verdi. The isiokwu nke opera bụ ntọhapụ, na ihe e kwesịrị na-eme ka ọhụrụ okporo ụzọ mmanụ ụgbọala onunu na Europe.

History of ngo

Malite na-emepe emepe a ọhụrụ akara malitere na February 2002 n'okpuru aha nke "Nabucco". The pipeline ná mmalite isiokwu nke mkparita uka n'etiti abụọ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị: Austria OMV na Turkish BOTAS. Mgbe e mesịrị, sonyeere ha anọ: Hungarian, German, Bulgarian na Romanian. Ha bịanyere aka a protocol na ebumnobi ha. Ke mbubreyo 2003, mgbe na ngụkọta oge nke ndị dị mkpa expenses European Commission nyere a Onyinye na ego nke 50% nke ngụkọta. Mgbe mbụ development nke oru ngo mmekọ bịanyere aka a definitive nkwekọrịta. Na June 2008, site na gas pipeline "Nabucco" mbụ nnyefe nke manu site Azerbaijan na Bulgaria e rụrụ.

The usoro mkpa nke oru ngo

Na oyi 2009, EU ugboro ọzọ ghọtara ya kpata ajọ ike na nduzi na Russia. N'ihi ya, ndị bi na mba Europe, na Russian-Ukrainian esemokwu gosiri na ya enweghị okpomọkụ n'ebe obibi ha. Ná mmalite 2010, a elu ugwu ẹkenịmde ke Budapest, isi nke nke nke bụ gas pipeline "Nabucco". Ya isi Nzube ya bụ iji diversify mmanụ ụgbọala aga. Na July, a pụrụ iche Inter Governmental nkwekọrịta e banyere ise praịm minista.

Dị ka nketa oke na oru ngo bụ European Union na-anọchite anya ndị President M. Barroso na Energy Commissioner A. Pebalgsa na United States bụ Ụkọ maka Yurop Energy R. Morningsar na Minister nke Ọzọ Affairs Committee, Senator Lugar. Hungary ratified nkwekọrịta nke iri abụọ na nke October 2009, Bulgaria - 3.02.2010, Turkey - 4.03.2010. "Nabucco" gas pipeline natara ọzọ support ka akwụkwọ nke ọzọ Inter Governmental nkwekọrịta n'etiti ndị nile so na ya na-ekwu.

ugbu a ala

Na May 2012, ndị Shah Deniz Constrium mere ka a ọhụrụ amaghị - a gas pipeline "Nabucco West". Ugbua na-echigharịkwuru afọ aka nkwekọrịta na ya ego. Dị ka ya, Shah Deniz Constrium ga-akwụ 50% na ọhụrụ oru ngo-akwụ ụgwọ, ka a n'ụzọ mba - fọdụrụnụ ọkara. Na 2013, a memorandum e banyere, ma n'oge okpomọkụ a mara ọkwa na ndị investments ga-mere na Trans Adriatic Pipeline. Executive Director nke Austrian ụlọ ọrụ OMV kwuru na ngo na-kwụsịtụrụ. Ya mere, gas pipeline "Nabucco" taa tụfuru ya ụzọ dị mkpa, ma na-adịbeghị anya Bulgaria na Azerbaijan ọzọ jụrụ EU maka ya revival. Gịnị na-eme - na oge ga-agwa.

"Nabucco" gas pipeline: atụmatụ

Zubere ogologo ụzọ bụ 3893 km. Ọ na-azọrọ na e na-amalite mgbe Ahiboze (Turkey) na-agwụ na Baumgarten nchekwa (Austria). Ọ ga-agabiga mba atọ: Bulgaria, Romania na Hungary. Ma, ọ bụghị n'eziokwu na Ahiboze m na-amalite na gas pipeline "Nabucco". oru ngo ụzọ na-gụnyere Georgia na Iraq. Na Ahiboze o nwere ike jikọọ ya na ha Kporo. The gbanwetụrụ gas pipeline "Nabucco West" bụ a ọzọ obi umeala oru ngo na-amalite na Turkish-Bulgarian ókè. Ya na-eme atụmatụ ogologo bụ 1329 km. Shortened pipeline-aghaghị isi gafee ókèala nke anọ ná mba: Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary na Austria. The Polish ụlọ ọrụ PGNiG na oge ha ịgagharị ekwe omume nke ejikọta steeti na "Nabucco".

technical e ji mara

Ọ na-e chere na pipeline "Nabucco West" gaghị ụtụ isua 25 ebe ọ bụ na ya na igba egbe. Ya bandwit kwesịrị 10 ijeri cubic mita kwa afọ. Ọkara nke ebuga gas ga-enye ka mba na-adịghị na-ekere òkè na na oru ngo a. Ọ bụrụ na e ina bandwit nwere ike zụlitere ihe ọzọ 13 ijeri cubic mita.

mwube

"Nabucco" ngo bụ akụkụ nke usoro ihe omume na mmepe nke Trans-European ume netwọk, na ya mmepe a rụrụ na ego nke kwe. Mgbe ọ na-agbanwe, niile engineering ọrụ nwere na-aka iso. Construction e zubere ka na-amalite na 2013. "Nabucco" e kwesịrị amalite a n'ụzọ zuru ezu arụmọrụ site 2017. Ma Constrium "Shah-Deniz" họọrọ ego ọzọ na oru ngo, ọ bụrụhaala na ọ na-anọgide na friji.

ego

"Nabucco" oru ngo na-eri ka mgbe a mara, ma na 2012 R. Mitschek kwuru na ọ bụ ihe na-erughị 7.9 ijeri euro. The ikpeazụ mmezi na-atụ anya site na njedebe nke 2013. Taa, Bulgaria na Azerbaijan nwere ihe pụrụ iche ọmụmụ rụrụ iji gosi na profitability nke ndị na-ewu a pipeline.

Isi mmalite pipeline ndochi

Ndabere nke oru ngo - na ugbua wuru okporo ụzọ Baku - Tbilisi. E nwekwara a ga-ebu onunu si Central Asia, karịsịa site Turkmenistan. E a amaghị na-ewu a gas pipeline site Armenia, ma ọ na-akpata a nnọọ na-adịghị mma mmeghachi omume na Azerbaijan onwe ya. Poland na-eme atụmatụ iji mee ka a atụ ogho-apụ si "Nabucco" n'ókèala ha site Slovakia.

Ibido site a gas pipeline zubere ibufe mmanụ si Iran, ma e nwere esemokwu malitere. Mgbe elu ugwu na Budapest, mba ka e nyere. The naanị iyi nke ọdịnaya, nke bụ na 2013, bụ na Azerbaijan - Shah Deniz ubi. Ma ugbu a, ọ ga-adọrọ si mee Caspian gas pipeline. Ijikwa Director nke "Nabucco" R. Mitschek kwere ekwe omume jikọọ Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Egypt na ọbụna Russia.

Atụmanya na Ihe Ịma Aka

Site ná mmalite, mmepe nke a oru ngo "Nabucco" e kwuwo na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke isi ike. isi mmalite nke ọkọnọ kpebisiri ike ruo a nkeji iri na ise nke na-eme atụmatụ ike. Nke a na-eme ka ọ na-abaghị uru. Ọnọdụ na-mgbagwoju anya site na-ejighị n'aka ọnọdụ nke Caspian Sea, na-esote nke Russian agha na-dabeere. Mgbe a ise ụbọchị agha kwesịrị ekwesị nke Georgia dị ka a n'ụzọ mba nwekwara ebelata budata, na aka nke Armenia na oru ngo ga-eduga a na-adịghị mma mmeghachi omume na Azerbaijan. Ọtụtụ nsogbu metụtara na Turkey dị òkè.

Iji ụbọchị, na "Nabucco" bụ a anwụrụ nrọ, na ya geopolitical mkpa ebelatala. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị isi na mba Europe, na karịsịa Russia, na-enweghị mmasị na okodu nnukwu ego na ya.