The kacha na nkezi omimi nke Indian Ocean. The enyemaka nke Indian Ocean n'ala

The Indian Ocean bụ nke atọ kasị ukwuu nke niile nke nwere ebe. N'otu oge ahụ, tụnyere ndị ọzọ, karịa omimi nke Indian Ocean bụ nnọọ obi umeala - na 7,45 kilomita.

ebe

Chọta ya na map dị mfe - na oké osimiri dị n'ebe ugwu bụ Asian akụkụ nke Eurasia, na n'ebe ndịda ụsọ Antarctica erukwa si n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na-eruba ụzọ bụ Australia. Na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Africa bụ.

Kasị nke ebe nke oké osimiri erukwa na Southern Hemisphere. Oputara ihe e chepụtara echepụta akara aghasasị Indian na Atlantic oké osimiri - si Cape Agulhas na Africa, ala nke iri abụọ meridian ka Antarctica onwe ya. Pacific ikewapụ ya si Indochinese dịịrị banye na mmiri nke Malacca, ókè n'ebe ndị dị n'ebe ugwu nke agwaetiti Sumatra, mgbe tinyere akara, nke ejikọ na map nke Sumatra, Java, Sumba na New Guinea. Na-anọ - na Arctic - na Indian Ocean anaghị nwere nkịtị ala.

ebe

The nkezi omimi nke Indian Ocean bụ 3897 mita. Na nke a, na ọ na-ekpuchi ebe nke 74 917 000 kilomita, ikwe ka ọ bụrụ nke atọ kasị ukwuu n'etiti ndị ya "ụmụnne." N'ikperé nke a buru ibu mmiri na-ebipụ nnọọ ubé - nke a bụ ihe mere ọ na-agụnye a obere nke oké osimiri nile.

Dịtụ obere agwaetiti na-edina na a oké osimiri. The kasị dị ịrịba ama nke ha ozugbo kwụsịrị Chile, otú nso shoreline - Socotra, Madagascar, Sri Lanka. N'ebe ahụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri, na-emeghe, i nwere ike ịhụ agwaetiti ahụ, sitere agbọpụta ọkụ. Ọ - Crozet, Mascarene na ndị ọzọ. Na ogbe, na cones nke agbọpụta ọkụ ndị agwaetiti nke coral si malite, dị ka Maldives, Cocos, Andaman na ndị ọzọ.

Shore n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke mgbọrọgwụ, mgbe ọdịda anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - ukwuu n'ime alluvial. The ihu n'ikpere mmiri na-ebipụ obere, ma e wezụga n'ihi na ya ugwu. Ọ bụ ebe a na-esetịpụ ihe nke nnukwu n'ọnụ mmiri.

omimi

N'ezie, ndị dị otú ahụ a nnukwu ebe nwere ike ịbụ otu ihe ahụ omimi nke Indian Ocean - kacha bụ 7130 mita. Nke a uche dị na Sunda trenchi. The nkezi omimi nke Indian Ocean - 3897 mita.

Akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na-eme nchọpụta mmiri expanses nwere ike na-adịghị nwaa na nkezi ọnụ ọgụgụ. Ya mere, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nwere ogologo map nke Indian Ocean ogbu weere. O nwere kpọmkwem ala nke elu dị iche iche ihe, anyị na-ahụ ihe niile na shoals, anētiye, Ikuku agbọpụta ọkụ na ndị ọzọ na teren atụmatụ.

enyemaka

Ọ na-agba n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke continental shelf warara gbalaga obosara nke iji nke 100 kilomita. The ihu shelf dị na oké osimiri omimi bụ obere - site 50 ruo 200 mita. Naanị n'ime ugwu-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Australia na n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Antarctica, ọ enwekwu ka 300-500 mita. Ná mkpọda nke Afrika ezi nkpoda n'ebe ụfọdụ iche iche site mmiri n'okpuru osimiri na ndagwurugwu nke ibu, nnukwu osimiri ndị dị ka Ganges, na Indus na ndị ọzọ. Na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ kama na-agbụ agbụ teren nke Indian Ocean n'ala enlivened na Sunda agwaetiti aak. Ebe a bụ Sunda trenchi, nke chọpụtara kasị dị ịrịba ama omimi nke Indian Ocean. The kacha mgbe a dọrọ emi odude ke 7130 mita n'okpuru oké osimiri.

Ridges, osisi na ugwu ga-agbaji bed maka ọtụtụ efere. The kasị ama - Arabian Basin, African-Antarctic na West Australian. Ndị a grooves kpụrụ ugwu ugwu dị na center nke oké osimiri, na accumulative mbara ọzara, emi odude adịghị anya site Chile, na ndị ebe a ezu nọmba nke na-abata sedimentary ihe onwunwe.

N'etiti ukwuu nke ridges karịsịa kwesiri ngosi East Indian - ogologo ya bụ banyere 5000 kilomita. Otú ọ dị, enyemaka nke Indian ọkọdiọhọ nwere ndị ọzọ dị ịrịba àmà - West Australian, meridional na ndị ọzọ. N'Ụba bed dị iche iche agbọpụta ọkụ, mgbe ụfọdụ, na-akpụ ígwè na ọbụna ezi nnukwu arrays.

Mid-osimiri ridges - alaka atọ nke ihe ugwu nkerisi oké osimiri si center n'ebe ugwu, n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. The obosara nke ridges àmà site 400 na 800 km, elu - 2-3 kilomita. The enyemaka nke Indian oké osimiri n'ala a akụkụ e ji fractures gafee ridges. Tinyere ala na-obibi ịgbasapụ site 400 kilomita.

N'ụzọ dị iche na ridges, Southeast Indian Ridge - a aro na nwayọọ mkpọda, emi esịmde a elu nke kilometa obosara na-akp ka otu na ọkara puku kilomita.

Tumadi na tectonic Ọdịdị nke ala nke oké osimiri bụ nnọọ ike. Active emepe owuwu ogide a dị nta ohere na-asọpụta n'ime Indochina yiri Ọdịdị na East Africa. Ndị a bụ isi macrostructure na-ekewa n'ime nta: efere, blocky na mgbawa ugwu ridges, mmiri na coral isuo, trough, tectonic ledges nke Indian Ocean efere na ndị ọzọ.

Otu n'ime ihe ndị dị iche iche na ụfọdụ enyene a pụrụ iche n'ebe ugwu nke Mascarene Ridge. Ikekwe, nke a akụkụ nke mbụ bụ ogologo furu efu oge ochie kọntinent nke Gondwana.

ihu igwe

Area na omimi nke Indian Ocean eme ka o kwe iche na ihu igwe na dị iche iche nke ya ga-kpamkpam dị iche iche. Na nke a bụ eziokwu. N'ebe ugwu nke a nnukwu esite nwere a mmiri udu idụhe. Na okpomọkụ, mgbe ndi belata nsogbu na Chile Asia, mmiri na-adịkwaghị ndịda-westerly eruba n'ime Equatorial ikuku. N'oge oyi, odida obodo a na-adịkwaghị aga nke ebe okpomọkụ ikuku pụta si n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ.

Dị nnọọ n'ebe ndịda nke 10 degrees ndịda ohere ihu igwe na oké osimiri na-aghọ nnọọ ihe na-adịgide adịgide. Na ebe okpomọkụ (na sub-okpomọkụ ke ndaeyo) na-kwadoro latitudes South-East ahia ifufe. Na-agafeghị oke - extratropical ajọ ifufe nke na-akpali si n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Bụghị ihe ọhụrụ na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke ebe okpomọkụ latitudes oké ifufe. Ọtụtụ mgbe ha na-rụrụ n'oge okpomọkụ ma n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ.

Ikuku na oké osimiri dị n'ebe ugwu nke okpomọkụ tọọ ruo 27 degrees. African n'ikpere mmiri fụọ ikuku na a okpomọkụ nke banyere 23 degrees. N'oge oyi, okpomọkụ na-lowered dabere na ohere: ndịda ọ pụrụ ịbụ n'okpuru efu, mgbe ke edere edere Africa temometa uru adịghị ada n'okpuru 20 degrees.

Mmiri okpomọkụ na-adabere na okwukwo. Afrika mben na-asa site na Somali ugbu a, na-enwe a pụtara ala okpomọkụ. Nke a na-eduga ná eziokwu ahụ bụ na mmiri okpomọkụ na mpaghara a na-nọ na banyere 22-23 degrees. Ke edem edere osimiri elu n'ígwé nke mmiri nwere ike iru a okpomọkụ nke 29 degrees, ebe dị n'ebe ndịda na mpaghara nso n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Antarctica, ọ na-ebelata ka -1. N'ezie, anyị na-ekwu okwu nanị banyere elu n'ígwé, ebe nke ukwuu omimi nke Indian Ocean, na ike na ọ bụ iji mee ka banyere ihe okpomọkụ nke mmiri.

mmiri

Mgbe ahụ ihe omimi nke Indian Ocean, adịghị emetụta ego nke oké osimiri nile. Ha bụ ndị na-erughị ihe ọ bụla ọzọ oké osimiri. Mediterranean na e nwere nanị abụọ: Red na Arabian Gulf. Ke adianade do, e nwere ihe odide n'akụkụ Arabian Sea, Andaman - emechi n'omume. Nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, na ọtụtụ mmiri nke Timor na Arafura bụ oké osimiri.

The egwu mmiri nke oké osimiri nke ndị kasị ibu osimiri ndị na-na Asia: na Ganges, Salween, Brahmaputra, Irvadi, Indus, na Evfraat Agu. N'etiti African osimiri bụ inye ndị Limpopo na Zambezi.

The nkezi omimi nke Indian Ocean 3897 mita. Na ebe a na mmiri kọlụm na-abịa a pụrụ iche onu - a mgbanwe nke ntụziaka nke okwukwo. N'oge ndị ọzọ nile na oké osimiri bụ agbanweghi agbanwe site n'afọ ruo n'afọ, mgbe Indian N'ezie isiokwu ndị ifufe: ha mmiri udu oyi, n'oge okpomọkụ - agbasokarị.

Ebe ọ bụ na mmiri miri sitere na Oké Osimiri Uhie na Persian Gulf, fọrọ nke nta dum uka nke mmiri nwere a elu salinity, ala oxygen pasent.

n'ụsọ

Na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, predominantly alluvial n'ụsọ oké osimiri, mgbe ugwu-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nakwa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - amaala. Dị ka ekwuola, na oké osimiri bụ fọrọ nke nta ezigbo, indented nnọọ ka ogbonye na fọrọ nke nta dum ogologo nke mmiri ahụ. The naanị iche bụ n'ebe ugwu nke - nke a bụ ebe lekwasị kasị nke Oké Osimiri, ekesịpde site na Indian Ocean efere.

bi

Kama obere nkezi omimi nke Indian Ocean obụrede mbụre a iche iche n'usoro nke na-anọchite anya nke anụmanụ na akwukwo nri ụwa. The Indian Ocean emi odude ke n'ókèala nke ebe okpomọkụ na ọnọdụ na mpaghara. Emighị emi juputara nke nkume kọral na hydrocorals, otu nke n'ụlọ a na nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ ụdị invertebrates. Nke a ikpuru na crabs, na oké osimiri na urchins, staafishi na anụmanụ ndị ọzọ. Ọ dịkarịa ala, dị ka ọtụtụ gbaa acha okpomọkụ azụ ebe mgbaba ebe ndị a. Coast ọgaranya mangroves, nke biri mudskipper - a azụ bie ogologo oge na-enweghị mmiri.

The ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi nke osimiri, na ekwesị na-agbakarị, bara ọgaranya nke ukwuu, dị ka ndị na-ekpo ọkụ ka ụzarị anyanwụ bibie ihe niile ndụ ebe a. Ọnọdụ mpaghara n'echiche a bụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị iche iche: ebe a a ọgaranya oke nke algae na invertebrates.

The oghe oké osimiri bụ ọbụna karịa ọgaranya ndụ e kere eke - nnọchiteanya nke ma anụmanụ na akwukwo nri ụwa.

Isi ụmụ anụmanụ - a crustaceans copepods. Ihe karịrị otu narị ụdị ndụ ha na Indian Ocean. Pteropods, siphonophores, azundika jelii na ndị ọzọ na invertebrates fọrọ nke nta hà ọnụ ọgụgụ nke umu. Na mmiri nke oké osimiri egwuregwu ọtụtụ umu nke na-efe efe azu, umu azu shark, luminescent anchovies, tuna, oké osimiri agwọ. Whale pinnipedes, oké osimiri turtles, dugongs ọ na-erughị nkịtị na mmiri a.

Feathered bi ọkọnọ albatrosses, frigates na ọtụtụ penguuin umu.

minerals

Na mmiri nke Indian Ocean na-na-mepụtara mmanụ ego na ya. Ke adianade do, ọgaranya oké osimiri na manganese ores, phosphates, potash ngwaọrụ maka fatịlaịza ala oru ubi.