The mkpebi, ya akụkọ ihe mere eme na ojiji taa

Okwu "mkpebi" bụ Latin maka "m machibido". Nke a whimsical okwu, Otú ọ dị, na-eguzosi ike na ọkọwa okwu nke iwu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọ na-kweere na mbụ na mkpebi e ji mee ihe n'oge ochie Rome, na ụbọchị nke Republic; ọ na-akpọ "nri na tribunes." N'ebe ikpo okwu - na ụmụ amaala nke Rome, họọrọ si plebs na-anọchite anya na-ebute ọdịmma nke ụmụ amaala - ike mkpebi, ya bụ ịmanye a ban, kagbuo mkpebi e site Sineti ma ọ bụ majie. Ndị dị otú ahụ a ban akpọwo intercession. The naanị onye iwu abụghị isiokwu ndị dị otú ahụ mgbochi, bụ akaike nke Republic.

N'ihi ya, nri nke mkpebi - a jụrụ ịga ọ bụla ụgwọ ma ọ bụ iwu mkpebi e site Authority, ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ (onye ma ọ bụ ahu), na nke a jụrụ iwu nkịtị. Na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị okirikiri, nke a pụtara na ike ịkagbu, na kwụsịtụ ma ọ bụ machibido iwu na mkpebi e site mkpa ahu. Ike dị otú ahụ nwere ike na-ebu a ele mmadụ anya n'ihu ma ọ bụ zuru.

Mgbe Roman omume nke mkpebi adịghị eji ruo na Asaa na narị afọ, tupu e guzobere Commonwealth, a n'otu nke na-ekwu nke Lithuania na Poland. Na ịtụ vootu elu ala ahụ nke Diet (nzuko omeiwu) gafere a iwu na "free mkpebi" (mkpebi na free, na Latin). Rzeczpospolita -edu ya iwu Nihil Novi (ie n'usoro ochichi Radom), dị ka nke eze ike iwu na-enweghị nkwenye nke niile gentry. Ma ama nke Seimas hoputara obodo Sejm iji na-anọchi anya ya na-ebute ọdịmma nke ha obodo ebe. Ebe ọ bụ na ala bụ nke gọọmenti etiti agwa, ebe niile n'ógbè nwere nha anya ikike, ọdịnala iji nye ike iji gbochie ọ bụla parliamentarian. The mkpebi ga-e weere nakweere mgbe tozuru oke maka ya na-enweghị isịneke, òtù nke Seimas. Ọ na-kweere na maka oge mbụ na Poland na-eji mkpebi na 1669, a nnọchiteanya nke Kiev Adam Olizar.

Iro nke ndị Poland - Prussia na Russia - ọtụtụ ji a usoro mgbe, na ẹdude iwu nke Commonwealth. Ha ịnara aka azụ ndị a ma ama na-eji ha mkpebi ike igbochi ụfọdụ mkpebi, na otú ike gwụ ndị State iro. Ke akpa ọkara nke XVIII narị afọ, a na-eme na-ahụkarị maka Sejm sessions na nzukọ akwusila, fọrọ nke nta tupu ọ malite. Ọ bụghị ruo mgbe May 3, 1791, mgbe afọ anọ Confederate Diet adiaha ọhụrụ oruru, nke akọwaputa ụkpụrụ nke mkpebi site a ọtụtụ votu.

Otú ọ dị, ụkpụrụ nke Nwepu nke iwu ma ọ bụ igbochi mkpebi na-aga n'ihu na-ebi ndụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ọtụtụ mba na mkpebi usoro nke Inter Governmental òtù. Na ụfọdụ president-Omeiwu mba nwere ikike mkpebi ndị president.

O nwere ike ịbụ zuru (mkpebi): na nke a, ndị president nwere ikike kpamkpam na-ajụ iwu gafere site na nzuko omeiwu. Mgbe ikwu (ma ọ bụ suspensivnom suspensive) mkpebi ndị president dị nnọọ akwụsị banye ike nke iwu, na nzuko omeiwu nwere ikike iri ya n'oge nke abụọ votu site a ruru eru ọtụtụ (na United States na Russia - abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ọ bụla ulo nzuko omeiwu). Ele Mmadụ Anya n'Ihu ma ọ bụ nhọrọ mkpebi , nke President nwere ikike ịjụ isiokwu ma ọ bụ akụkụ nke iwu na ụkpụrụ.

Ọ bụ ezie na Charter nke United Nations na ọ dịghị okwu banyere mkpebi, na nri e na-arụsi ọrụ na-eji. Nri nke mkpebi na UN na-ise na-adịgide adịgide so na Security Council - Russia, UK, USA, France na China. Site ná mmalite, na ojiji nke omume nke kefriza na UN mkpebi nke mba ọ bụla nwere ikike a, na-eduga ruuru ha. N'ihi ya, UN Security Council ike ịmụta a mkpebi ikpe Israel iwu nke n'iji n'ókèala ha, na ndị ọzọ na mkpebi ndị dị mkpa, dị ka onye nnọchiteanya nke ndị mba na-eji mkpebi ike, na-eji ya maka odida nke nke. Nke a, n'ezie, na-ewelite oké njọ nnyocha si ọtụtụ UN so n'Òtù.