West Russia: nkọwa, na-akpali ihe mere eme na ihe mere eme. Western na Eastern Russia - History

Na Middle Ages, Western Russia agụnye n'ókèala n'ókè na Hungary, Poland na Lithuania. Ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị fragmentation na mpaghara nwere ọtụtụ isi, alụso onye ọ bụla ọzọ maka na-edu ndú.

Part nke Kievan rus '

Tupu ntoputa nke a otu oge ochie Russian ala na ókèala nke Western Russia biri agbụrụ ịlụ nke Eastern Slav: Dregovichi, drevlyans, Volhynians, Ulichi na White Croatia. Na IX-X ọtụtụ narị afọ. ha na-mmasị ka Kiev. Nke a usoro e dechara n'oge ọchịchị Vladimira Svyatoslavicha (980-1015).

West Russia na n'ebe ugwu n'akụkụ a Baltic ebo: Lithuania, Prussia na Zhmud. Ndị a bi Baltic n'ụsọ oké osimiri ahia na Slav mmanụ aṅụ na amba. N'ihi na a mgbe ha na-abụrụ ize Russia. Ọ bụ nnọọ ike n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ onye agbata obi - na Polish Alaeze. The Slavic ndị e mere baptizim dị ka omenala ndị Rom. Ọdịiche dị n'etiti ndị Katọlik na ndị Ọtọdọks ndidi kiet ke otu na-akpata esemokwu Russia na Poland. Na 981 Vladimir na Red Sun kwuru agha na Prince Mieszko m ma merie ndị na-akpọ ala Cherven, nke bụ isi obodo nke Przemysl.

N'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Russia hapụrụ steppes, nke nọ n'ụlọ na Turkic na-asụ-akwagharị akwagharị. First e nwere ndị Pechenegs. Na X narị afọ na-dochie anya Polovtsy. Dokwara n'etiti ha bụ na ha ma steppe ndokwa njem ugboro ugboro ka Russia, Bilie looting na ime ihe ike megide nkịtị.

Oge nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị fragmentation

Mgbe ọnwụ nke Yaroslava Mudrogo na 1054 n'otu Old Russian ala e kewara ọtụtụ isi. Nke a usoro a nwayọọ nwayọọ. Na ụfọdụ nke Kievan isi, dị ka Vladimir Monomakh, mba ọzọ na-aghọ holistic. Otú ọ dị, esemokwu na agnatic otuto akpatre kewara Russia. Na XI narị afọ isi ihe gbasara onye isi dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Russia bụ Volyn na isi obodo ya n'obodo Vladimir-Volyn.

Rostislav usoro

Ebe a gbanyesiri mkpọrọgwụ usoro ndị eze sitere n'eriri Rostislav Vladimirovich - nwa nwa Yaroslava Mudrogo nke agadi akara. Theoretically, ndị nnọchiteanya nke ụmụ nwere ọbụna ikike iwu kwadoro Kiev, ma na "nne nke Russian obodo" gbanyesiri mkpọrọgwụ ndị ọzọ Rurik. Na mbụ ụmụ e biri n'obí Rostislav Jaropolk Izyaslavich - Kiev gọvanọ. Na 1084 Rurik Volodar cornflowers na ụkwụ nke Prince Vladimir, na n'ihi a oge nwere dum mpaghara.

N'ikpeazụ Rostislavichi jide Volyn mgbe Lyubech Congress na 1097 na ndị sochirinụ agha obodo. N'otu oge ahụ ha na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ude ọzọ obere obodo na mpaghara (iche si Vladimir na Przemysl) - Terebovlya na Dorogobuzh. Nwa nwa Rostislav Vladimir Volodarevich na 1140 chịkọtara ha na kere ọhụrụ ihe gbasara onye isi nke isi obodo ya dị na Galicia. Bi na ya emewo ọgaranya na nnu ahia na ya agbata obi. Western Russia bụ eti dị iche iche si na ok ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ebe ndị Slav biri n'ọhịa nso Finnish ebo.

Jaroslav Osmomysl

Mgbe nwa Vladimir Yaroslav Osmomysl (chịrị 1153-1187 gg.) Galician ihe gbasara onye isi nwetara a ọlaedo afọ. All n'oge ọchịchị ya, ọ gbalịrị iguzogide hegemony nke Kiev na ya jikọrọ aka Vladimir-Volyn. Nke a na-alụ biri na ihe ịga nke ọma. Na 1168, n'okpuru idu ndú nke mmekota nke isi Andreya Bogolyubskogo weghaara Kiev na-arara ya nye ya ihe-nkwata, mgbe nke obodo mgbe gbakee. Ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị uru jụrụ, na Galich, on Kama nke ahụ, bụ ebe a na Western Russia.

Jaroslav ada ifịk mba ọzọ amụma, na-abanye n'ime njikọ aka na-alụ ọgụ megide Hungary na Poland. Otú ọ dị, ọnwụ na Osmomysl Galicia malitere esemokwu. Nwa ya na nọchiri, Vladimir Yaroslavich kwetara na elu nke Rostov Prince Vsevolod na Big akwu. O jisiri na Boyar mmegide na E mechara chụpụrụ nke ha onwe ha obodo. N'ọnọdu ya a na-akpọ Volyn Prince Roman Mstislavovich, na-eweta ọnụ abụọ òkè na a siri ike centralized ihe gbasara onye isi.

Association of Galicia na Volyn

Roman Mstislavovich - n'adịghị gara aga Galich isi - bụ a esi n'agbụrụ Vladimira Monomaha. Dị ka nne ya, ọ bụ onye ikwu nke Polish achị usoro ndị eze. Ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na a na nwa ada na Kraków.

Mgbe ọnwụ nke Vladimir Yaroslavich Roman wee Galich, ọnụ na Polish agha, nke enyere ya site eze - ya enyere Devid aka. Nke a mere na 1199. Nke a ụbọchị a na-ewere ụbọchị nke ihe e kere eke nke a otu Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi. History of Western Russia oge a bụ ihe na-akpali interweaving nke ochie Slavic iwu.

Roman Mstislavovich ugboro abụọ weghaara Kiev, ma ghara ya isi, na-etinye na ocheeze nke obodo ndị kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi bụ ndị hụrụ onwe ha poluvassalnoy dabere na ya. The oké n'uru nke Galician gọvanọ bụ nzukọ nke a usoro nke mkpọsa megide Polovtsian, nke na-emetụta ma Western na Eastern Russia. Na-alụ ọgụ na-akwagharị akwagharị, Roman malitere enyemaka nke ndị ikwu ya nile si na Rurik usoro ndị eze. E nwere unconfirmed ozizi bụ na 1204, mgbe ọdịda nke Constantinople ya ọsọ dọọrọ n'agha Emperor Alexios III Angelos.

Alụ ọgụ maka nna ya Daniel nketa

Roman Mstislavovich akpa ke 1205 mgbe a na-achụ nta na mberede. Nwa-ya Daniel bụ nnọọ nwa a mụrụ ọhụrụ. Galician boyars wee uru nke a, anapụ ya nke ocheeze. Ná ndụ ya nile, Daniel buso ndi-enupụ isi oké ozu, Russian isi na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ agbata obi maka nri laghachi nna ya ihe nketa. Ọ bụ a na-egbuke egbuke oge jupụtara ụdị nile nke ihe. Ọ bụ n'oge ọchịchị nke Daniel Romanovich Western rus ruru ya akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọganihu.

Ogidi ike onyeisi bụ serviceman klas, bi n'obodo ukwu bi, ndị na-akwado onye na-achị udo. Na afọ nke udo na ọganihu, Daniel nyeere uto nke ọhụrụ ulo uku na ụlọ ahịa ebe a, na-adọta enterprising ahịa na ndị na-ọkà ọrụ nkà. Mgbe ọ malitere na Lviv Hill.

The ọlaedo afọ nke Western Russia

N'elu na-eru na-eto eto, na 1215 a, nwa okoro ahụ na Prince of Volyn. Nke a nketa na ghọrọ isi patrimony. Na 1238, o mesịrị laghachi na ihe gbasara onye isi nke Galich, na a ọnwa ole na ole weghaara Kiev. Ae nke ọhụrụ ike gbochiri Mongol mbuso agha. Back na 1223, na-eto eto Daniel na ndị mejupụtara nke Slavic isi mmekota abuana ke Agha nke Kalka. Mgbe ahụ Mongol haziri ikpe wakporo Polovtsian steppe. Ndikan sitere agha, ha lara ezumike nká, ma afiak ke mbubreyo 30-ies. Na mbụ, ndị North-Eastern Russia gbawara ya. Mgbe ahụ, wee uzo nke ihe-nketa nke Daniel. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na eziokwu na Mongol nwere ịrịba poistrepali ya agha, ọ bụ ike iji zere ndị dị otú ahụ nnukwu mbibi na ọdọ mmiri nke Oka na Klyazma.

Daniel gbalịrị agha na Mongolian iyi egwu site na itinye n'ime njikọ aka na Catholic mba. Mgbe ọ na-Galician rus na Western Europe ndibere na ahịa ọ bụla ọzọ. Na-enwe olileanya na-enyere, Daniel ọbụna kwetara na-anabata ndị eze aha si Pope, na 1254 ghọrọ eze Russia.

Ike ya nọ par ahụ dị ike na Poland na Hungary. N'oge mgbe a na ndị North-West Russia ahụhụ si na Agha Ntụte, na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Mongol, Daniel jisiri na-udo n'ihe-onwunwe. Enye ama akpa ke 1264, na-ahapụ a oké ketara ụmụ ha.

The iju na ọnwụ nke onwe

Ụmụ na ụmụ ụmụ nke Daniel na-enweghị ike ịnọgide na-enwe na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị onwe ha n'ebe ndị West. Galich na Volyn ala kewara n'etiti Poland na Lithuania, nke ada n'elu mbụ Russian isi site dynastic alụmdi na nwunye, na n'okpuru pretext nke nchebe si Mongol. Na 1303 nke archdiocese, nke bụ kpọmkwem ebutere ka onyeisi ndị bishọp nke Constantinople na ọ e guzobere na mpaghara.

The agha na Russia n'elu ya n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ agbata obi mgbe Poland na Lithuania na-ekewa n'etiti Galicia-Volyn nketa. Nke a mere na 1392. N'oge na-adịghị, na mba abụọ bịanyere aka a n'otu na-etolite a otu Rzeczpospolita. Okwu ahụ bụ "Western Russia" nke nta nke nta aghọ kenchara.