N'abụ ahụ Astrakhan Khanate. Accession na Russian Astrakhan State

N'abụ ahụ Astrakhan Khanate ka Russia a mbụk oyi, dị ka ọtụtụ na-ekwu, guzobere n'ihi nke ida nke Golden Horde na mgbe niile na-ebu agha n'etiti onwe ha, ha na-eyi egwu n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ n'ókè nke Russia. The na-adịghị ike na mba, karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-bụ na crossroads nke ụzọ azụmahịa, ka mgbe ọ dị mkpa a ike nchebe. Na contenders maka ọrụ zuru ezu.

Shard nke Golden Horde

Astrakhan Khanate pụtara na XVI na narị afọ na Lower Volga. Ọ Tatar ala e guzobere mgbe ida nke Golden Horde, na ya na-emi odude nri akụ nke Volga. The isi obodo nke ya - Xacitarxan - odude 12 km si gosi Astrakhan. Akpa, na 1460 kpụrụ Big Horde, ọ bụ akụkụ bụ isi nke mbụ Golden Horde. Ọ na-aga site Han Mahmud, bụ nke nọ na isi obodo - n'obodo Seraị. Ụmụ ya abụọ ekweghị ike, na Hasim, ebe arahụ ala esịmde nke Volga, kere a iche iche ala. Full onwe ya natara na 1502, mgbe mmeri nke ndị agha nke Crimea Khanate n'elu agha nke Great Horde.

uru agbata obi

Mgbe Hasim n'etiti Moscow, ebe ọ bụ Ivan III of, na Haji-Tarkhan ike ahia mmekọahụ. Ụgbọ mmiri na nnu si na ala esịmde nke Volga River na isi obodo. All Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme na-egosi na ahia na Russia nwere naanị uru n'ihi na abụọ. The Haji-Tarkhan bụ nnukwu ohu ahịa, na lekwasị ngwaahịa si ọtụtụ mba. Otú ọ dị, Astrakhan Khanate dịghị mgbe a ike onwe ha ike. N'ịbụ a nnọọ adaba na ọnọdụ, ọ mgbe a na-achọsi ike na-eri anụ ya agbata obi na karịrị. Crimea na Kazan khanate, Nogai Horde, na steeti a na-guzobere n'ihi nke ida nke Golden Horde, na odude n'etiti Volga na Urals, Khorezm - ha egbughị oge n'ịza ẹkemụm a na-adịghị ike onye agbata obi. Ọbụna Turkey gbalịrị igosi na khanate nke akara.

abụọ egwuregwu

N'abụ ahụ Astrakhan Khanate nọ na-enweta na burukwa. All na-achị ndị Tatar ala na Moscow na-egwu na-akpọ a abụọ egwuregwu. N'agbanyeghị abamuru doro anya nke ahia na enyi Russia, Khan Abdul Rahman bịanyere aka a nzuzo nkwekọrịta na Crimea na Turkey. Ọ bụ ezie na na mbụ, na 1533, n'okpuru nduzi nke "Russian party" guzobere ya ikpe na-eji mmesapụ aka ịnara aka azụ Russia, Astrakhan Khanate kwubiri na Moscow ihe gbasaa ahia na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nkwekọrịta, na nke ha na-ekwu banyere enyi na nkwanyerịta enyemaka. Direct njikọ nke Astrakhan Khanate malitere n'oge ọchịchị Ivan ndị tara. Moscow protege Dervis Ali na Abdul-Rahman si 1533 na 1556 ọtụtụ ugboro n'ọnọdu ọ bụla ọzọ na ocheeze.

A protege nke Crimea na Turkey

Naanị afọ 1552-1554 na ha na-alụ ihe ịga nke ọma na-abami ọzọ protege nke Crimea - Yamgurchi onye omume, gụnyere njide na n'agha nke Russian nochite anya, ka iwe site mgbe ahụ onye na-achị nke Russia, ha na 1554 ewepụwo njem mbụ mgbidi Xacitarxan . Ma accession nke Astrakhan Khanate ama ma a na ihe mgbaru ọsọ. Ha chọrọ ka a na ike nọ n'okpuru nke Moscow, do ya n'ocheeze nke otu Dervis Ali. Na otu aka, mgbe ọdịda nke Kazan Astrakhanskoye ihe gbasara onye isi N'ịchọpụta vulnerability kwụsịrị na-akpa àgwà na Moscow imewe. Na ndị ọzọ - Noa nkwonkwo edinam nke Crimea na Turkey, nke nyere nkwado Yamgurchi. Ohi na a njikọ na otu n'ime Caspian nnochite Sevastyana Avraamova agwaetiti otú infuriated Ivana Groznogo, na ala Volga e zigara Strugi ọma onwem 30-puku ndị agha. Ha na-ada Ignatius Veshnyakov na Yuri Pronskiy-Shemyakin. Site na nke a akụkụ nke ndị agha ịnya ụgbọ ala na Dervish Ali. Prince Vyazemsky na a detachment nke 2,500 ndị ikom na ndị Danila Chulkov na nnukwu formations nke Cossacks mere iche iche.

The enweghị pragmatism

All Russian akụkọ ihe mere eme na-akụzi ndị iro nke mba anyị na-akparị ya ma na-akpa àgwà nkwanye ùgwù na oké ike, n'ihi na ụgbọ ala ga-abịa bụchaghị. "Astrakhan omume" malitere na May. All Russian agha kwesŽrŽ izute na dịrị n'otu na-mpaghara nke kacha dịrị warara n'etiti Volga na Don, a na-akpọ Perevoloki. Nke a nwekwara ịgakwuru agha-Nogai Horde Khan Ismail, enyemaka nke a na-eme site na ukara version nke mkpọsa. Ha bịa, ikekwe n'ihi na "East - a siri okwu." Ma niile ahụ ìgwè na Viazemsky Pronsky wezuga kụrisịa pụta izute ha agbachitere Astrakhan Khanate, n'etiti ha bụ ndị na-Janissaries. Yamgurchi gbagara Azov, na-ahapụ ihe niile - nwunye (Hanshi), ụmụ harem. The isi obodo e weere enweghị a ọgụ. N'ocheeze nọ ọdụ a protege nke Moscow, solemnly ṅụụrụ ya ịkwado.

Ọzọ otu "zaa"

Ma n'ezie na-ekekọta nke Astrakhan Khanate mere mgbe e mesịrị. Ma mgbe ahụ, e ụtụ setịpụrụ na-akwụ ụgwọ nọ na oké (1,200 silver rubles, 3000 2.5 mita Sturgeon, free ahia ofụri Khanate), ma ọ bụ ikuku na isi obodo bụ otú ahụ, ma Dervish Ali, ugboro atọ perching na Moscow ocheeze, na nzuzo kwadoro na Crimea na Turkey. The Mgbalị nke nkụzị na-achọ ụzọ mgbapụ nke Ismail, na, n'ikpeazụ obnaglev, Astrakhan Khan eziga si ya isi obodo Russian gọvanọ. Ha N'ezie, jụrụ ya, ma ugbu a kpam kpam na-ahụ n'ezie njikọ nke Astrakhan Khanate na Russia bụ apụghị izere ezere.

Nmehie na itinye

The nzube nke abụọ njem na Astrakhan, ulo oru ke ini utọ 1556, bụ zuru mkpochapu onwe nke Khanate. The jikọtara ndị agha na, n'eziokwu, ọ bụ punitive. Ọ gụnyere-uta na militia Vyatka, Volga na Don Cossacks garuo onye ọ bụla na ha onwe ha iji mee ka ọnụ nso Astrakhan. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị agha na-gafere 3,000, na-egosi adịghị ike mpako Khanate. N'eziokwu, obodo ahụ iwere na-ala mgbidi mbụ detachment nke Volga Cossacks n'okpuru idu ndú nke Lyapunov Filimonov. Na, ọ bụ ezie na N'ezie nke Dervis Ali jisiri sere agha nke agha Russia, mmeri bụ zuru ezu, na Astrakhan enweghị ihe ọ bụla contracts banyere n'ime Russia.

Next - Trans-Urals na North Caucasus

N'abụ ahụ Astrakhan Khanate, ụbọchị - August 26, 1556, ọ bụ ụkọ ọbara na keere a oké mkpa ọrụ na ikpeazụ na ire ere nke remnants nke Golden Horde. Nke nta nke nta, ha bụ akụkụ nke Russia ma ọ bụ kwetara nọ n'okpuru nduzi na ya: na 1557 - na Nogai Horde, na mgbe ahụ n'otu afọ Bashkiria. Na na 1560, na Russian obodo ókè-ala nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na-ewe ebe na Urals, n'ebe ndịda-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - tinyere Terek. Na isi, Kazan na Astrakhan Khanate ya ọdịda meghere ụzọ maka nkwalite nke Russia na Urals, Terek na Kuban. Na mgbe ahụ ka anyị na mba e nwere a ajụjụ banyere penetration na Urals na North Caucasus. Ma, ọ bụ ajụjụ nke Russia si mba ọzọ amụma na-eme n'ọdịnihu, ma na sonyeere Volga mpaghara na XVI na narị afọ Ivanom Groznym na zuru, ọ bụrụhaala na ọrụ-free ahia. Ke adianade do, mmeri nke Khanate nke Astrakhan nyere nchebe maka n'ókè-ala nke Russia si n'ebe ndịda, si na Crimea Khanate, a siri ike na-adịgide adịgide iro.