The mpaghara development obot. International na mpaghara development mmiri

Si aku ọdụdọ obere yiri metụtara ebe na a elu ogo mwekota na ịdị ego. On ahịa enweghị esịtidem n'ókèala nke free ije nke ibu, ego, isi obodo, ọrụ, e nwere a mma ego ihu igwe na mma ọnọdụ maka guzobere ike Nsukka. N'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, ọ na-enwekwu mkpa ọzọ ego Ọdịdị - mpaghara obot.

aka

Regional development anoghi n'ulo oba na-kere na òkè nke ala. Ha nwere anya ebe ọrụ zuo ezu gọọmenti mwekota n'ime akụ na ụba na-elekọta mmadụ na okirikiri, na-akwado ndị mba ọzọ ahia mmekọahụ, na-enye mgbazinye ego iji obere na-ajụ-sized ulo oru. Ka ihe atụ, aka nyere site European Investment Bank na 2010, Hungary, Iceland, Greece, Latvia, enyewo aka akawanye akụ na ụba na ọnọdụ ego nke mba. Regional development mmiri ka a ịrịba onyinye ibe uto nke otu mba na aka imeri mmetụta ọjọọ nke ego ọdụdọ. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú, ọrụ nke inter-ala ego oru. Anyị atụle n'ụzọ zuru ezu na nkebi nke ha imekọ ihe ọnụ.

History of development

The malite mgbe nwere ike na-akpọ oge nke aku na uba na mgbake mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Na 1949 na Moscow ndị ndú nke Hungary, Albania, Romania, Bulgaria, Poland, na USSR na Czechoslovakia kpebiri ime ka Council maka Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA). Ihe mgbaru ọsọ - inye ego, na nkà mmụta sayensị na teknuzu imekọ ihe ọnụ, na-enyere aka na mmejuputa nkwonkwo-eme. Ụdi afọ, ọ na-esonyere ndị German Democratic Republic, Mongolia, Yugoslavia na Cuba. Site ufọt ufọt 70s CMEA nọgidere na-enwe mmekọahụ na n'elu iri atọ òtù mba.

rụzuru

Ọbụna na ogbo nke guzobere mmekọahụ nzukọ nwere ike izute mkpa nke òtù ke mmanụ ụgbọala, ngwaọrụ na ígwè ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ ọnụ iji mejuputa ndị na-ewu nke kasị mmanụ pipeline "Druzhba", nke e ji mee ka ibufe ngwaọrụ na Hungary, Poland na Czechoslovakia. Na nkera nke abụọ nke 60s e kere Intermetal Park n'ụgbọala. Site achikota CMEA mezie ahia n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ, ẹkenịmde nkịtị management atụmatụ, na-arụ ọrụ usoro nke imekọ ihe ọnụ.

Hungary nyere òtù ụgbọ ala na GDR - uwe, Poland - ntecha, pharmacology, Czechoslovakia - electric, Cuba - sugar, Romania - ngwá ụlọ. Ndị a ibu na-gbanwere ọnụ ala mmanụ, gas, ọla, na nke n'ibu injinịa, instrumentation na-agbachitere ọrụ. Mgbe mgbasa nke USSR, a Ọdịdị nwekwara kwụsịrị ịdị adị. Ma taa, na-arụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ yiri oru.

Asian Regional Development Bank

ADB e guzobere 1966 site na Economic and Social Commission maka Asia na Pacific. Organization ebumnobi:

• akwalite uto akụ na ụba na Asia na Far East;
• ọganihu nke ndị inyom na otu;
• inye ọrụ Member States ego.

Regional Bank maka nwughari na Development na Asia na-enye:

• mgbazinye ego maka mmezu nke akụ na ụba na-elekọta mmadụ oru ngo;
• oru aka na nkwadebe mmemme;
• mgbazinye ego iji ọha na onwe ụlọ ọrụ maka mmepe;
• Ọ na-enyere na nchikota nke atụmatụ na ihe mgbaru ọsọ.

Na Union ugbu a nwere 56 so mba. The nzukọ Ọdịdị mejupụtara atọ etoju nke ọchịchị:

• president;
• ndị Board of Directors;
• isi.

Ego na-agụnye ike isi obodo, idobere ego, mgbazinye ego site pụrụ iche ego kere concessional agbazinye. Regional Development Bank bụ ọrụ na niile ndi nke aku na uba. Ma ihe anya na-akwụ ụgwọ ọrụ ubi, isi obodo ahịa, ike, iga na nkwukọrịta.

The Inter-American Development Bank

Iji aka na mmepe nke Latin American mba na 1959 ọ e kere site na IDB. Direction nke nzukọ:

• nkwalite ulo oru mbo ke Latin America;
• na-eduzi ihe niile dị ego ha na-enweta ego isi aku oru;
• nkwalite ulo oru mbo;
• aka ná mgbasa nke ndị mba ọzọ na ahia iwu nke sonyere;
• ndokwa nke oru aka na mmejuputa atụmatụ.

IDB nwere ihe karịrị 48 òtù. The nzukọ Ọdịdị bụ dị ka ndị:

• Committee isi;
• ndị Board of Directors;
• ochichi;
• Oche;
• ngalaba.

Ego na-agụnye ndenye aha, na idobere isi obodo, obi ego concessional agbazinye. Kasị nke akụ na akwụkwọ dị n'ụdị ego, nke nwere ike na-ekwu, ma ọ bụ warranties nke mmekọrịta na ahịa. Bank arụmọrụ ekpuchi niile ndi nke aku na uba, ma ihe anya na-akwụ ụgwọ ọrụ ugbo na azu, ụlọ ọrụ, na-elekọta mmadụ ọrụ, atụmatụ, mgbanwe na investments.

Na mgbakwunye na IDB na Latin America na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ndị Inter-American Investment Corporation, CDB, na Central American Economic Integration agbazinye alụmdi.

The anụ ụlọ ahịa

The Central Bank na-ekwu na n'etiti "ike" na size nke ite bụ dịghị ihe kpọmkwem njikọ. The mpaghara development anoghi n'ulo oba na-ekerekwa òkè dị mkpa na mmepe nke ala aku na uba. Ha bụ ihe oru oma na mma mara kpọmkwem nke obere na-ajụ-sized ulo oru. Ikpeazụ ọrụ na-adabere na e n'aka-ha n'ọhia. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ, ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara na-mepụtara ego usoro, amụba ọsọ site 67% ngwa ngwa karịa na ụlọ ọrụ ná mba a dum.

Na Russia, a oru na bụghị nnọọ ewu ewu n'etiti ndị ahịa. Oru buu igba n'ulo na Urals, Siberia na Far East ke ofụri ofụri nwere ike agaghị enweta ihe biiri isi obodo. Ha nwere itinye nnukwu n'aka oru. Regional development mmiri kwesịrị mmekọ dị otú ọchụnta ego. Large n'aka oru dị otú ahụ ahịa na-adịghị akpali nnọọ mmasị. The ala alụmdi mkpebi usoro na nke nke biiri ego ike-egbu oge ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. Ọ dị mma kpọtụrụ Regional Regional Development Bank. Guide oru na ọzọ maara na kpọmkwem nke azụmahịa. The puru nke a nke oma na mkpebi n'elu.

Branch - bụghị a akụ

Na nnukwu n'aka oru, nke N'ezie, e nwere alaka n'ime ime obodo na mpaghara nke mba. Ma ha na-emekarị enweghị onwe-adabere na ịrụ nanị teknuzu ọrụ na collection of akwụkwọ. A mkpebi site na-edu ndú na Moscow, nke nwere ike ịbụ maara nke kpọmkwem nke region na azụmahịa. Large anoghi n'ulo oba na-ahọrọ iji zere ike ahịa. Na fọrọ nke nta niile obere ulo oru na-achọ ihe onye obibia. Regional ihe njikere amụ n'ime atụmatụ nke azụmahịa na nwere ike ịbụ ihe ọzọ na ubi nke ichekwa ego na bank ọrụ obere na-ajụ-sized ụlọ ọrụ.

Mbelata

On June 1, 2014 ejikwara 888 mmiri na Russia. Nke a bụ nke ukwu na-erughị na Germany (1.8 ths.) Ma US (karịa 5.8 puku.). Larịị nke n'aka ọrụ na Russia - 0,6. Nke ahụ bụ, na onye nwere ihe na-erughị otu kaadị ebe ná mba ahụ. Ke United States, ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ 2, na EU - 1.8. Nsogbu ọzọ ma ọ bụ, ọzọ kpomkwem, a atụmatụ nke oge - niile bụ isi òtù dị ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị. Sberbank, VTB (24), na Gazprom Rosselhoz ozi karịa 53,8% nke ndị bi. N'elu ikpeazụ 5 afọ abawanyele n'ike n'ike ọnụ ọgụgụ nke n'aka ihe na Moscow: si 15.4% na 22%. N'ihi ya, ulo oru na-amasị ndị mepere òtù dị na a ala ọnọdụ tụnyere òtù na Siberia na Far East.

ego

Mmepe nke a na mpaghara na netwọk nke ụlọ akụ na-eme ka aku n'uba nke ebe. Nke a na-egosi na ọnọdụ na Russia. Na Siberia, e nwere 258 mmiri na alaka na East, na ọbụna obere - 118. a n'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ọtụtụ ọzọ kwụsịrị ịdị adị na n'oge gara aga 10 afọ. Ọ dịghị ndị ọzọ asị nwere ike ịnya isi na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ. Ẹdude mpaghara development anoghi n'ulo oba na-nkewa dị ka obere. Ha apụghị inye otu nzukọ ndị dị mkpa ego. N'ihi ya, na ọkwa nke GDP na ndị a na mpaghara bụ ugboro abụọ ihe na-erughị na Moscow. Na ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu nwere ike inye naanị obere nso nke ọrụ. Nke a na-ìhè site reviews.

Regional Development Bank na-eme atụmatụ dị ka ndị ruru nke isi obodo na a karịa ego nke n'aka. Ihe atụ, na Russia na e nwere 140 na òtù na ike na-enye ahịa a ego na ego nke 1 ijeri rubles. Ndị a 37 nkeji na-emi odude ke Moscow, 6 - na Siberia (Tyumen, Novosibirsk) na 3 - na Far East. N'ihi ya, ulo oru na-amanye anya distrikti na-etinye maka mgbazinye ego iji nnukwu ego Ọdịdị, ma ọ bụ nke "Regional Development Bank".

Ọ ọnọdụ

Regional n'aka oru kwesịrị ịzụlite. Nke a nwere ike dị ukwuu na-eme ka akụ etiti, capitalized a obere nzukọ. I nwekwara ike ike a ụdị-elekọta ga-amata ọnọdụ na ihe algọridim dị iche iche site na nke na-eji maka nnukwu owuwu. Ugbu a pụrụ iche obere mmiri support jikoro bụghị na gọọmenti etiti larịị ma ọ bụ na Central Bank. Ma ọ bụrụ na ndị ọchịchị obodo ahụ ntị nke a nke, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke bịara n'ikperé mmiri na-efunahụ nke ikikere na mpaghara nnọọ obere. Ma ọbụna ma ọ bụrụ na ndị dị otú ahụ na e nwere, ha na-adịghị esonyere site na oké scandals, na-ekwurịta okwu na media na ụdi egwu. A ọnọdụ yiri nke ahụ mere na 2013, mgbe ikike ka furu efu na mpaghara development obot. Ego nke ndị ahịa ka alaghachikwurughị ya. Na nnọọ afọ abụọ gara aga, ndị Central Bank kagburu ikikere nke 62 n'aka oru. Otú ahụ ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-egwu. Ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ adịghị agbanwe agbanwe, mgbe ahụ, mgbe 5 afọ ichekwa ego na bank oru ga-anọgide na n'okpuru nke nnukwu ala-ekesịpde ego oru.

ọgwụgwụ

Economic na-elekọta mmadụ na mmepe nke obodo na-adabere na ike na-adọta ndị ọchụnta ego na a ụlọ akụ ego. Na ngụkọta e nwere 888 Russian n'aka oru. Na ha na-agbasasịkwa gafee mba bụ mkpumkpu. N'ihi ya, ndị ọchụnta ego na Siberia na Far East nwere ike iji niile kwere omume ụdị n'aka oru ọrụ. Ọ na-enyere ha ka ha na-aga a isi mepere ma ọ bụ mpaghara development obot. Rating rụrụ na 2014 gosiri na ndị kasị ibu nke pụrụ iche na ụlọ ọrụ na usoro nke hara nhatanha (Russia, MDM, AK Ogwe) na-lekwasị ke St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk na Kazan.