The nchoputa nke Orthodox Church na Japan, Japanese Nikolai: biography, photos

Tupu Vanya Kasatkin malitere ibu aha nke Japanese Nicholas, na ọ bụ nwa nke ndị nkịtị ime obodo dikọn na ndị enyi ya na umu ezinụlọ Skrydlovyh ochiagha, onye aha ya bụ na-esote nna ya temple. The enyi jụrụ ya banyere ihe ọ chọrọ ịbụ, ozugbo kpebiri na ọ ga-aga na nzọụkwụ nke nna ya. Ma Ivan chọrọ ịghọ a-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri. Otú ọ dị, ya na nrọ nke oké osimiri rein nna zitere ya na-amụ na Theological Seminary nke Smolensk, na mgbe ahụ ka onye nke kasị mma ụmụ akwụkwọ nke ya ọha na eze efu na-zitere na-amụ na seminarị na St. Petersburg.

Na obodo a, na anyị zutere na nwata enyi, Ivan na Leont Skrydlov, onye ghọrọ a gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Naval Cadet agha. On ajụjụ nke mere ọ dịghị a-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri, Ivan si, na na-ụgbọ na oké osimiri na oké osimiri na ụgbọ mmiri nwere ike ịbụ na otu onye nchụàjà.

Japanese Nikolai: mmalite

N'afọ nke anọ nke Theological Academy, Ivan mara ọkwa nke Nsọ Synod mụtara na Russian alaeze ukwu konsuleeti na Japan mkpa a nchụàjà. Nnọchianya nke Japan I. Goshkevich kpebiri iji hazie a ozi ala ọzọ ná mba a, ọ bụ ezie na n'oge ahụ e nwere adị a na nlezianya ban na Christianity.

Ivan na-nụrụ nke a Chinese ozi, na m chọrọ iji nweta ya na China, na-ekwusa ozi ọma ka ndị mba ọzọ, na na ọchịchọ enye ama kpụrụ. Ma mgbe ahụ, ya mmasị agbasawo si China na Japan, dị ka ọ na-agụ na oké mmasị "onyeisi edeturu Golovin" nke ndọrọ n'agha na mba a.

Ke akpa ọkara nke 60-ies nke XIX na narị afọ Russia n'okpuru Alexander II chọrọ ịtụte, ọ bụ oge nke oké mgbanwe na-ekpochapụ serfdom. Ọchịchọ nke ọrụ ozi ala ọzọ ná mba ọzọ.

ọzụzụ

Ya mere, Ivan Kasatkin malitere ịkwadebe maka ọrụ ozi ala ọzọ na Japan. Na 1860, June 24 tonsured a mọnk na aha Nicholas na Wonderworker na nsọpụrụ nke Great Nicholas. Mgbe 5 ụbọchị, ọ raara a dikọn, a ụbọchị e mesịrị - na ndị ụkọchukwu. Na na August 1, mọnk Nicholas na afọ nke 24 afọ gara Japan. Ọ chọrọ ya dị ka ya na-alụ ọhụrụ na-ehi ụra, nke ga-kpalie - dị ka nọchiri ya na obi ya. Na Russian ship "Amur", o mesịrị rute Japan. Na Hakodate nnọchianya Goshkevich nabatara ya.

Mgbe a na mba n'ihi na ihe karịrị 200 afọ nke Christianity enwere a mmachibido iwu. Nicholas nke Japan ẹka maka-akpata ya. Mbụ niile, ọ na-amụ asụsụ Japanese, omenala, aku na uba, akụkọ ihe mere eme, na retara na translation nke New Testament. All a were ya 8 afọ.

mkpụrụ

Afọ atọ mbụ ndị ahụ bụ maka ya kasị njọ. Japanese Nikolai anya-edebe ndu nke Japanese, ha gara Buddha ụlọ nsọ, na-ege ndị nkwusa.

Na mbụ, ọ e weere maka a nledo, na ọbụna budara ihe nkịta na ya, na egwu ọnwụ eh. Ma n'arọ nke-anọ nke Nicholas nke Japan hụrụ nke mbụ nke ya dị ka otu obi, na ha kwere na Kraist. Ọ bụ ndị Rector nke Shrine, Takuma Savabe. A afọ mgbe e mesịrị, ha pụtara nwanne ọzọ, mgbe ahụ, ọzọ. Takuma baptizim, aha ya bụ Paul, na iri afọ mgbe e mesịrị wee akpa Japanese Orthodox nchụàjà. Na nke a ùgwù o nwere na-aga site gbakee.

Ndị Kraịst mbụ-Japanese

Ego bụ nnọọ uko. Nna Nicholas mgbe nyeere Goshkevich nnọchianya, onye nyere ego na nke ndị ha ego, nke a na-enye maka "pụrụ iche mmefu". Na 1868, a mgbanwe mere na Japan: Japanese-ọhụrụ a kpagburu Ndị Kraịst.

Na 1869, Nicholas gara St. Petersburg iji nweta mmeghe nke ozi. Nke a bụ iji nye ya ihe ndutịm na ụba onwe. Afọ abụọ gasịrị, ọ laghachiri n'usoro nke Archimandrite na Chief nke Mission.

Na 1872, ndị Japanese Nicholas ọkọkpọhi otu nnyemaaka na ihu nke a gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Kiev Theological Academy - Hieromonk Anatoly (Silent). Site na nke a oge na Hakodate ọ dịla banyere 50 Orthodox Japanese.

Tokyo

Na ọbụna mgbe St. Nicholas nke Japan doo niile na-elekọta nke a nchụàjà na nna ya Paul Savabe Anatolia ma kwaga Tokyo. N'ebe a, o na-amalite nile ọzọ. Na nke oge a ga-emepe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Russian asụsụ, malite izi Japanese.

Na 1873, Gọọmenti nke Japan Priman iwu na okpukpe ndidi. Private akwụkwọ anya hazigharịrị n'ime seminarị, nke bụ ọkacha mmasị nwa nke nna-ya Nicholas (ma e wezụga nkà mmụta okpukpe e, a mụwo ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na ọzụzụ).

Site na 1879, e nwere ugbua ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ na Tokyo: seminarị, katkizim, prichetnicheskoe na asụsụ ala ọzọ akwụkwọ.

Site na njedebe nke ndụ nke nna-ya Nicholas Seminary natara na Japan ọnọdụ nke ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, nke kacha mma ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị nọgide na ha ọmụmụ na Russian na nkà mmụta okpukpe academies.

Na chọọchị mụbara ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị kwere ekwe na narị. Site 1900, n'afọ nke itoolu nke Orthodox obodo ndị ugbua na Nagasaki, Hyogo, Kyoto na Yokohama.

Temple Nicholas nke Japan

Na 1878 ọ malitere iwu ụlọ a Consular chọọchị. Ọ e wuru na ọrụ ebere ego Russian ahịa Petra Alekseeva, a mbụ-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri, "ịnyịnya" arịa. N'oge ahụ na ọ bụ na 6 Japanese-nchu-àjà.

Ma Nna Nicholas rọrọ nke Katidral. Ịkpọlite ego maka ya na-ewu ya na-zitere gafee Russia.

Na 1880, March 30 hirotonisanom nchụàjà Nicholas bụ na Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

On a osisi nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu na chọọchị nke Katidral nke Mbilite n'Ọnwụ site atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ A. kposara. Nna Nicholas nke zụtara ala ebe n'elu ugwu Kanda Suruga-dai. Ọ bụ ya wuru ụlọ nsọ English-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Joshua Conder afọ asaa, na 1891 o nyefere ya mkpịsị ugodi nna ya Nicholas. The nmeju e gara site 19 nchu-àjà na 4,000 kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi. Na ndị mmadụ, nke a temple aha ya bụ "Nikolai-elu."

Ya ọnụ ọgụgụ maka Japanese ụlọ bụ nnukwu, nakwa dị ka ụba ịtụkwasị obi nke Nicholas nke Japan.

agha

Na 1904, n'ihi na nke Russian-Japanese War, na Russian ọrụ nnọchite anya obodo hapụrụ mba. Nicholas nke Japan hapụrụ nanị. Na Japanese Orthodox-akwa emo na-akpọ asị, Bishop Nicholas egwu ọnwụ maka na onye sabo. Ọ gara n'ihu ịkọwa n'ihu ọha na Chọọchị Ọtọdọks bụ bụghị naanị a Russian mba okpukpe, na ịhụ mba n'anya - ọ bụ a ezi na eke mmetụta nke ọ bụla Christian. O zitere otu ukara mkpesa ka ụlọ nsọ, bụ nke e kenyere na-ekpe ekpere maka mmeri nke Japanese agha. Ya mere, o kpebiri tufuo Japanese Orthodox emegiderịta: kwere na Kraịst ma na-enwe Japanese. N'ụzọ dị otú a ọ nọ na-Japanese Orthodox ụgbọ mmiri. Obi-ya bọrọ, o na-akụkụ na ọha ofufe, na onye na-ekpe ekpere na ebe ịchụàjà.

Mgbe ahụ, ọ na-elekọta nke Russian na mkpọrọ nke agha, nke bụ njedebe nke agha, karịa 70 puku.

Bishop Nicholas, ghara inwe afọ 25, o nwere obi ya ọhụụ na-eru ọchịchịrị na Russia. Gbanahụ niile ahụmahụ ndị a, o mikpuru onwe ya na translation nke ememe okpukpe akwụkwọ.

mgbe ọ dị afọ 75 na 1912 February 16, o nyere mkpụrụ obi ya Onyenwe anyị na cell nke Katidral nke Mbilite n'Ọnwụ nke Christ. Akpata ọnwụ - obi ọdịda. 265 ụka e wuru ọkara narị afọ nke ya na-eme mere ka 41 onye nchụàjà, 121 catechist, 15 regents na 31.984 ntụkwasị obi.

Hà Ndịozi St Nicholas nke Japan senti April 10, 1970.