The pụtara ìhè ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta nke St. Petersburg: list, nkọwa, foto

Onye pụtara ìhè okwu nke mgbagwoju - ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta nke St. Petersburg nke ahụkebe atụmatụ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme n'etiti obodo, n'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ọ bụ nwa isi obodo nke ụwa. Na-akwanyere ùgwù St. Petersburg na-ọma chere si mgbe nile n'ozuzu ụlọ, ịtụnanya proportionality nile mepere emepe ensembles na kwekọrọ na style polyphony anya nke nnọọ ala-key eke gburugburu ebe obibi. Na eziokwu, na ndị bara uru na ụwa nke na nkà na ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta nke St. Petersburg.

Styles na nna ya ukwu

Ụlọ ke obodo dị ọtụtụ dị ka iri na ise dị iche iche ụkpụrụ ụlọ ekwekọghị, isi nwere ike na-akpọ Baroque - Pita na Elizabeth, Classicism, Alaeze Ukwu, eclectic, oge a na constructivism. Italian Baroque - okooko oge nke absolutism - si 16 ruo 18 na narị afọ. Ebe a merie mgbagwoju curvilinear, Ọnọdụ, ịma mma na quirkiness. Architectural ncheta nke St. Petersburg bụ style bụ nnọọ mgbanwe.

Iji Peter ije na Russia na-akpọ "Russian ihe nakawa etu esi na" gụnyere na mgbe mgbe na Byzantine omenala na ndị na-ewu ụlọ nsọ ahụ. Russian Baroque - mmakọ nke abụọ ndị a ekwekọghị. Otú ọ dị, Moscow na Pita Baroque iche bụghị naanị n'ebe onye ọ bụla ọzọ ma na-na a ukwuu - si Western Europe. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụnyere ndị ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta nke St. Petersburg si Petrovsky Epoch etiti nke ọ bụla oge ochie Italian ma ọ bụ French obodo, ị pụrụ ịchọpụta a.

Pita Baroque

Tsar Peter obi ụtọ na-agba architects si West, na dị ka a n'ihi na German-Dutch-Italian-French co-e kere eke nke a onu bilie St. Petersburg style. Ọ bụ Great Northern War, residential ụlọ wuru fọrọ nke nta overhauled, kpamkpam wuru osisi ngwa ngwa.

Ma ọbụna mgbe ahụ, e nwere ihe owuwu na ịma anyị dịkọrọ ndụ: onye na-ano, n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, na nnukwu ụlọ - na a dị mfe, kwesịrị ekwesị, ekwughị ma ò ije kere n'okpuru ịrịba mmetụta nke Dutch na Germany.

Stucco, owuwu ụzọ mbata, na veranda ndị, ma facades ndị na-esikarị pediments, volutes, pilasters, na ụlọ - spiers na-emesi ya ike niile vetikal na kehoraizin ntụziaka. Inside ụlọ esiwak na atụmatụ na a ụlọ. Ọbụna ahụ, ụlọ onwem iwepụ ụlọ mposi na mmiri pọmpụ.

atụ

Temple na e wusiri ike ije dị mfe, ma mara mgbịrịgba elu nke Pita na Pọl Cathedral, Saint Panteleimon chọọchị, Pita na Pọl Ebe e wusiri ike na ya Peter Gate, Summer Obí nke Peter Onye Ukwu, Menshikov Obí, iri na abua Collegia, Kikin Chamber of curiosities, Alexander Nevsky Lavra, Italian n'obí ke Kronstadt . The architects nke oge: mg Zemtsov, Domenico Trezzini, A. Schluter, JB Leblon, G. Mattarnovi, JM Fontana.

Elizaveta Petrovna

Petra Velikogo nwa nwaanyị bụ n'ebe dị anya n'ebe nna-ya ulo oké ọchịchọ, ma niile nke ya oge itinye echiche nke Western European Baroque ya ọzọ dị ọcha ụdị, n'ihi na alaeze ukwu ahụ n'okpuru ya agụụ na-agụ ịma mma, ịdị ebube na ịdị ebube. Architectural ncheta nke St. Petersburg nke narị afọ nke 18 n'ụzọ kasị doo anya mara na n'ozuzu style nke obodo. Wuru nnukwu Cathedrals, ụlọ arụsị, mansions, ulo elu - niile ọzọ ji achọ osise na plastic, na mbara staircases n'ime, na abụọ tiers nke windo na oke ime ụlọ nke ụlọ.

The interiors nke oge ndị nwee whimsical, na ihe n'ụba ọkpụkpụ, pịrị ịchọ mma na patterned flooring na enyo. Mesikwuru Baroque agba jikọtara na iji inserts. Ọ maliteghachiri na-ewu nke ise domed ụka, laghachi ọdịnala pịrị gilded iconostasis na Russian temple mma nke Byzantine n'ụkpụrụ iwu. Na ugbu a ndị ọbịa pụrụ isonyere ịma mma nke style, nke a na-echekwara ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta nke St. Petersburg.

Nkenke banyere ndị nna ukwu na ụlọ

Nke a oge nke okpueze, nke N'ezie, Rastrelli, ma ha na-arụ ọrụ n'akụkụ ya ma FS Argun, na SI Chevakinsky na AV Kvass na P. Trezzini na AF Whist. Iri afọ abụọ tupu 1760 Anichkov e wuru na Elizabethan Baroque Stroganov na Vorontsov obí eze, Smolny Cathedral, Catherine Obí na Tsarskoye Selo, na Winter Obí na Great Peterhof, Naval Cathedral na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

Ekaterina Velikaya

The esote afọ iri abụọ, na St. Petersburg ewu wee n'okpuru ihe ịrịba ama nke oke mmụta absolutism na ke ẹbọ nke n'oge classicism. Ụlọ e nwetara harmonically nyere iwu, na-aga n'ihu mmepe nke mfe na ịdị ebube na n'otu oge - dị ka a kaadị azụmahịa na-akparaghị ókè na mba.

Mgbaàmà - oge ochie iwu, monumentality, mgbochi, ihe niile na-nọ na a oge gboo-style ụlọ nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta nke St. Petersburg. Photo nkọwa ga-enyere ọdịiche dị mmalite classicism nke ya ndị ọzọ na iche.

Ụlọ ke style of n'oge classicism

The ugbu a Administration Building RGPU on Moika - mbụ n'obí agụ Razumovsky, onye wuru na AF Kokorinov na JB Vallin de la Mothe, bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ mbụ-oge gboo-style ụlọ. Ya ije dị anya, ndị nke na Kọrịnt na Ionic iwu, tụrụ, Egwulegwu, ma mmetụta nke Baroque ọzọ kwesiri ngosi. N'ihu ụlọ na nnukwu ọnụ ụzọ ámá na akwa ono underlines ememe nke ụlọ.

Architectural ncheta nke St. Petersburg, nke bụ nnọọ ogologo ndepụta nke onyinye na ndị ọzọ e kere eke nke a nkà nka. Ọ Repin Institute na University mkpọda, 17, na na mbụ e nwere na Imperial Academy nke Ọma Arts; St. Petersburg State University ụlọ ahụ na waterfront, 9, mbụ - ikpe n'ihi na bọl; Yusupov Obí. Vallin de la Mothe wuru Nghọta Garden na North Pavilion nke Obere hermitage. Yuri Felten, akwụkwọ Rastrelli wuru ụlọ akwụkwọ maka ụmụ agbọghọ Filistia, Large hermitage, na Armenian Church, na Lutheran Church na Vasilyevsky Island na chọọchị nke St. Anne on Kirochnaya, 8.

echesinụ classicism

Kpamkpam nke na-enweghị atụmatụ Baroque ụlọ mgbe 1780, na-nwe Catherine classicism. Ha nditịm na-eso ndị oge gboo iwu nke Vitruvius na Palladio - akụkụ anọ symmetrical layouts, ọtụtụ ojiji nke arcades, veranda, pediments, owuwu ụzọ mbata. The interiors na-mma na akwụkwọ ndị ochie ọkpụkpụ na ọtụtụ ihe nke Mmepeanya Oge Ochie.

The ọsụ ụzọ nke St. Petersburg style ghọrọ Cameron, n'otu oge na-arụ ọrụ VI Bazhenov, D. Kvarnegi, ntụgharị Otu agadi, NA Ọdum. Ọrụ ha - kwekọrọ na compositional oke, conciseness na proportionality iche-iche. A pụtara ìhè ihe atụ - na Tauride Obí.

Pavlovsky classicism

Nke a afọ ise ruo 1801 ọnọde a ubé ihunanya version of classicist ije, nke a n'ụzọ doro anya na-enwe mmetụta na-Gothic style. Nke a bụ n'ụzọ bụ isi Chesme Obí-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ YM Felten - zita udi na gothic ọcha n'ụdị turrets, toothed Lancet windo na parapets.

Architectural ncheta nke St. Petersburg replenished na n'ebe ndịda Europe umu Mikhailovsky Castle, ebe dị ọcha classicism - ọ bụ isi na n'ebe ndịda facades nke ime. Castle anya aggressively, jiri obi ike, oké cornices ugwu facade reminiscent nke knightly okpu agha.

Alexander classicism

The ụzọ nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu ghọrọ Alexander classicism, nke a na-chọpụtara na Alaeze Ukwu style. Alexander m na-mgbe a kpọrọ mba ọzọ architects, karịsịa French.

Ya mere, ụlọ nke oge a dị iche tiri Doric ma ọ bụ Tuscan iwu na-arọ ogidi. Ò sphinxes na ndị ọzọ na ihe nke Ijipt Revival ije. Zọpụtara echesinụ edoghi, ebube, nnukwu ihe oyiyi na mfe ma doo anya nke silhouette.

Ihe Nlereanya nke mbụ eriri igwe Alaeze Ukwu

Na nke a style of St. Petersburg ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta ahụ nọchiri anya ya Mining Institute ụlọ Vasilyevsky Island, mere si Eserese A. Vorohnina. Egbu ọjà na a Doric kọlụm karịsịa ọma ka a mata style yiri oge ochie ụlọ arụsị, ihe oyiyi na agbanyeghị Antaeus, Hercules na Proserpina bụ ugbu e.

Ọbụna ihe a ma ama n'ọrụ nke a ukwu - Kazan Katidral. Emperor Paul, onye bu n'obi ya, chọrọ na-ekpeghachi Vatican si St. Pita, na ụfọdụ zuru ezu myirịta nwere ike hụrụ: na n'ozuzu imewe, a dị ike Central dome, na elongated nnukwu ụlọ ụka Senti na na-anọghị nke mgbịrịgba elu. Agbanyeghị, ọ bụ a n'ezie mma nke Nevsky Prospekt.

High classicism (mbubreyo)

Karịa ihe ọ bụla na a style na-arụ ọrụ Tom de Thomon: ụlọ nke Bolshoi Theatre (mwute ikwu na, e ka kpam kpam), n'ụlọ nke Countess Laval ọhụrụ ahịa mgbagwoju na ndị gbụsara ọnụ mmiri nke Vasilyevsky Island (rostral ogidi, oke). Ị pụrụ ijide n'aka na ọ na-ebe-spaced ogidi kwukwara na Stock Exchange ụlọ ohere na kwekọrọ mejupụtara Nevsky Prostor. Na ụlọ ya, rostral kọlụm mma na ifo ọkpụkpụ.

N'otu oge ahụ weliri ebube ụlọ nke Admiralty - ihe nnọchianya nke obodo na Neva River - na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ AD Zakharov. Ọ e dechara na aga na-ewu, nke ahụ bụ nanị akụkụ nke ama spire-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ ik Korobov. Facades nweta a dịgasị iche iche, ma ukwu-rhythmic ruru ka protruding owuwu ụzọ mbata na Tuscan ogidi (n'agbanyeghị, na center nke kọlụm na nọgidere Ionic). N'ihi ya, ọ agbakọta ensemble nke Sineti, na St. Isaac Obí Square na Alexander Garden. N'otu oge ahụ, na-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Quarenghi wuru Smolny Institute - na-na elu oge gboo style.

Russian Alaeze Ukwu

Ịrịba ama nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu - usọrọ nke mmeri Bonaparte: oge gboo iji usoro na otu nkenke apụta echeta na ogidi, mmeri arches, ije agụnye ọzọ na ndị ọzọ ihe ọkpụkpụ, ụlọ mma na ugo, laurel wreaths, agha na ndị ọzọ na ịlụ agha na ihe atụ.

The kasị ama nke nna ukwu nke a direction - VP Stas na Eze Rossi. Nke ikpeazụ a na-nnọọ obi ike gbanwee ndị mepere emepe na ohere, ebe wuru Obí Square na ụlọ nke General Staff, Sineti Square na Synod na Sineti, Alexandrinsky nkiri ebe. Architectural ncheta nke St. Petersburg ga-ewetara a ka mma picture karịa ihe ọ bụla nkọwa. Otú ahụ karị, n'ihi na ha na ibu ọnụ ọgụgụ bụ nanị agaghị ekwe omume na-akọwa na ohere nke otu obere isiokwu.