The Russian revolutionary MV-Butashevich Petrashevsky: a obere biography

Mikhail Butashevich-Petrashevsky, photos nke nke na-dị n'okpuru ebe a, a mụrụ November 1, 1821 na St. Petersburg. Nna ya bụ onye agha dọkịta, n'ezie ala kansulo.

MV-Butashevich Petrashevsky: a obere biography

Na 1839, mgbe ọ gụchara ọzụzụ ndị Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, ọ banyere St. Petersburg University iwu ngalaba. Mgbe-emecha agụmakwụkwọ, o jere ozi na Ministry of Foreign Affairs ka a sụgharịrị. Butashevich-Petrashevsky abuana ke drafting nke "Dictionary of Foreign Words na-gụnyere ke Russian asụsụ." Mbipụta mbụ nhazi Mike. Nke abụọ nke a n'ụzọ zuru ezu gbazie Butashevich-Petrashevsky. Ọ na-e dere na ọtụtụ ndị na-ekwu n'ọnụ isiokwu. Ha na-akwalite n'ihe anaah¹anya na onye kwuo uche echiche, echiche nke utopian socialism.

Butashevich-Petrashevsky: onye ọ bụ n'ihi na tupu revolutionary Russia?

Mbụ niile, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru na nwoke a bụ onye dị elu thinker nke oge ya. Butashevich-Petrashevsky, onye biography na-jikọrọ ha na amamihe ọgba aghara na mba, haziri na 1844 n'ọgbakọ dị n'obodo ya. Na 1845, nzukọ na-enwe kwa izu ( "Friday"). Nzute sonyere iji ọbá akwụkwọ Butashevich-Petrashevsky. Part nke akwụkwọ a iwu na Russia. Ha gụnyere ndị mere amamihe mmegharị, ịhụ ihe onwunwe n'anya na nkà ihe ọmụma, utopian socialism. Butashevich-Petrashevsky, na obere, kwadoro democratization nke usoro ọchịchị na mba, ntọhapụ nke nkịtị si n'ala plots.

ijide

Ná ngwụsị nke 1848 Butashevich-Petrashevsky abuana ke nzukọ iji tụlee oruru nke a na nzuzo obodo. The edemede bụ ifịk supporter nke na-aga n'ihu ọzụzụ nke ndị mmadụ na amamihe na-alụ. Na 1849, a ọha ọgụgụ Butashevich-Petrashevsky na ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ so ya, e jidere. The Criminal Court ikpe ka ha nwua. Otú ọ dị, ọ na-anọchi a ebighi-ebi na ịrụ ọrụ mmanye. Butashevich-Petrashevsky a chụgara Eastern Siberia.

The ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya

Na 1856 ịbụ ndị a dọọrọ n'agha, Butashevich-Petrashevsky biri na Irkutsk. Ebe ọ kụziri, na-arụ ọrụ na akụkọ obodo ahụ. Na 1860, ọ haziri site e biri ebi nke "Amur". Na February nke afọ a n'ihi okwu megide omume ndị ọchịchị obodo e zigara Shushenskoye. Na December 1860, ọ kwagara Krasnoyarsk, ebe o biri ndụ ruo mgbe 1864, ebe o nwere a isi mmetụta na-arụ ọrụ nke obodo kansul. Gọvanọ Krasnoyarsk Petrashevsky e zighachiri mbụ Shushenskoe na mgbe ahụ, na. Kebezh. Ná mmalite nke May 1866 ọ nọ na-agafere. Bielsko Yenisey district. Ebe a na ọ nwụrụ nke a ụbụrụ hemorrhage.

Atụmatụ revolutionary otu

Active guzobere ọhụrụ ala obodo ke Russia malitere na 40s nke narị afọ nke 19. N'etiti ihe niile okirikiri ntị dọtara nzukọ Butashevich-Petrashevsky. Year nke mmalite nke ya nọ n'ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na revolutionary ụzọ na-atụle ga 1845 nke. Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ malitere izute mgbe nile na ulo-ya dere, ụmụ akwụkwọ, ndị nkụzi, na-abachaghị-isi ojii. All n'ime ha bụ ndị si dara ogbenye magburu ezinụlọ. Enwe Mmeri otu adị ruo mgbe 1849 Ná nzukọ e a ntụle nke ihe ngwa ngwa na-elekọta mmadụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, duziri mmepe nke nkà ihe ọmụma ntọala nke nkà ihe ọmụma, ka atụmatụ maka inwekwu edinam. E n'ihu ọha katọrọ serfdom, e ji mara dị ka a gwuo ọjọ tsarism na caste usoro.

The mejupụtara nke

Echiche nke utopian socialism okụt a nzaghachi n'etiti ìgwè mmadụ. Community gbasaa, na-ewere ọhụrụ so. Dị ka akụkụ nke gburugburu ndị dị otú ahụ a ma ama na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ka Dostoevsky, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Mike, Pleshcheev Semenov, Rubinstein ngwa ngwa, Mombelli, Akhsharumov, Kashkin. Ugbu n'etiti ndị ọha na eze na ndị isi na. Nke a gosiri na echiche nke utopian socialism malitere ifịk ifịk banye n'ime ndị agha.

bara uru ọrụ

Community òtù chọọ ihe. Na 1845 ọ nọ na-bipụtara "Dictionary" akpa tọhapụ. Ọ bipụtara-eche ha nche Colonel Kirillov, onye ọbụna nwere ike na-eche na-atọhapụ a revolutionary n'akwụkwọ. Nke abụọ mbipụta e bipụtara na 1846 na "Dictionary" egosiputa echiche ndị Nazi nke ọhụrụ revolutionary nzukọ. Ọ na-akọwa dị iche iche okwu :. "Nkịtị", "nzukọ nke mmepụta" na na "Dictionary" ngwa ngwa na ere na aka. N'oge na-adịghị, Otú ọ dị, akwụkwọ sere uche nke gọọmenti. Mbipụta e napụrụ ire. Ma banyere 1 puku. Iberibe e gbasaa ruo a. Nabatara ntoputa nke "Dictionary" Belinsky.

Iwusi obodo ọrụ

Petrashevzy nwayọọ nwayọọ malite iji merie revolutionary-kwuo uche ọnọdụ. Community òtù kwuru ọmịiko banyere nsogbu guzo Russia. Karịsịa, Mombelli dere banyere ahụhụ nke ọtụtụ nde mmadụ, enweghị ọ bụla ikike site ọrụ ugbo na ọkwá dị elu nke J.Randall klaasị. Petrashevzy asị autocracy, dị ka na-ekpo ọkụ Russian Patriots, mgbe niile pụta ìhè na ha na iso ndị mmadụ. Mgbe amamihe ihe nke 1848, ha malitere ịga nzukọ ruo mmadụ 50. Malite ekenyela ifịk ntọala, delineated ideological mgba n'elu revolutionary kpọrọ òtù megide ndị were a agafeghị oke ọnọdụ. The akụkọ na-amasị ndị nụrụ oku ime ihe, slogans.

Community òtù malitere iche nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu atụmatụ. Anyị kwagara n'ihu ọnọdụ nke ndị na-akwado utopian socialism. A isi sekpụ a nku bu ngwa ngwa. Na mgbakwunye na echiche nke socialism Petrashevsky akọrọ Khanykov, Kashkin Akhsharumov na na. The obodo nwere a oké mmetụta n'ịkpụzi na-ele ihe anya nke Chernyshevsky. Ọ bụghị a so na otu, Otú ọ dị, nwere mmekọrịta chiri anya n'etiti ya site na ya comrades - Hanykova, Lobodovsky.

uwe ojii surveillance

Ọtụtụ ndị òtù nke otu na-gbakọọ na mmalite nke agha mgbanwe na mba. Ha kweere na na Russia na ọ dị mkpa iji mee ka preparations uka nsogbu. obodo òtù ịzụlite oru ngo nzuzo ígwè obibi akwụkwọ, nọ na-agbasa echiche mpempe akwụkwọ. Speshnev kwadebere a draft irenti obodo. All ndị na-eche na mgbake nke oru ugbo ije. Otú ọ dị, ha emeghị ike a revolutionary nzukọ. -Orù eze na-enwe ike soro ala ndị "Friday" na ka nlekota nke obodo. On Petrashevists nzute abatawo uwe ojii n'ụlọnga. O gere ntị ihe niile na-eme na gburugburu ya, na mgbe ahụ nyere ndị na-akọ na ndị ọchịchị.

Na 1849, 2 April, na iwu nke Nicholas ihe kasị ike na ndị òtù nke gburugburu, e jidere. Dị ka eze, mmetụta ọmịiko Republican na Kọmunist echiche apụta ka mpụ ndị kasị njọ megide ala. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ Petrashevsky, Dostoevsky, Mombelli ngwa ngwa. All e jidere 39 ndị mmadụ. The Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu kpebiri na 21 n'ime ha bụ ndị kwesịrị ọnwụ. Ma, na-aghọta ọnọdụ, mitigating, ikpe chọrọ iji dochie ọrụ ahụhụ ntaramahụhụ, ima ikpe ụlọ ọrụ nke na akwụkwọ kwuru na mmezi.

eṅomi nke égbè

1 Nicholas kwetara na ikpeazụ mkpebi nke ikpe, Otú ọ dị, kpebiri ime ka na-aga site na egwu ọnwụ mara ikpe. Na 1849, 22 December, ihe nile nke na-ebo ebubo na ẹka Semenovskaya ebe. Ndị mkpọrọ ahụ hụrụ a elu scaffold, osisi, gwuru n'ime ala, ndị agha agbakọta na square, na a ìgwè mmadụ nke ndị mmadụ. Mgbe agụ mkpebi na ikpe wetara uwe mwụda. Atọ - Petrashevsky Mombelli na Grigoriev - kegide stakes, kpuchie iru-ha ndu. Ikpe nụrụ clatter nke egbe, drum mpịakọta. N'oge a, e nwere osote ka Nicholas iji nke mgbaghara. Petrashevsky ozugbo shackled na zigara Siberia maka ọrụ ahụhụ.

A ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị razvezli na ndị ọzọ so na otu. N'etiti ndị ikpe bụ Dostoevsky - ama oké dere. Enye ama ikpe afọ anọ ike n'oru mkpọrọ nnukwu ụlọ na Omsk, mgbe ahụ, 6 afọ nke ije ozi na akara battalion na Semipalatinsk.