Transitive ngwaa - ya ... transitive na intransitive ngwaa

Transitivity / intransitive bụ a, Atiya, na ndabere nke na ọ bụ omume na-igbunye ihe jikọrọ isiokwu na jụrụ omume. The a pụtara na udi bụ na isiokwu anamde edinam na ya na e nwere ike "gosi" (gaa) ma ọ bụ "na-abụ" (ghara ịga) na isiokwu. Ya mere, ngwaa na Russian asụsụ na-ekewa n'ime transitive na intransitive.

Transitive na intransitive ngwaa. lexical pụtara

Iji chọpụta mgbanwe, ọ dị mkpa ka a mata isi dị na na hụrụ ndị ngwaa complements na nwere a kpọmkwem labeling nke ikpe.

Transitive ngwaa - a ngwaa uru nke ihe, nke na-eduzi na ihe na modifies ma ọ bụ na-arụpụta ya (ịlele ọrụ, igwu a oghere).

Intransitive ngwaa - egosi ije ma ọ bụ na ọnọdụ na ohere, ma ọ bụ iche echiche obodo ma ọ bụ nke anụ ahụ.

Ọzọkwa emit na-akpọ labile ngwaa. Ha nwere ike na-eme ka a Transitional na intransitive (achị nchịkọta akụkọ odide - ụwa na-achị na nwoke onwe ya).

syntactic iche

Syntactic dị iche na-akwụsị akwụsị na intransitive ngwaa metụtara na lexical pụtara. Transitive na intransitive ngwaa na-emekarị jikọtara:

• The mbụ - na nouns na nnọchiaha nke na-anọchi ihe ihe, na-enweghị ngọpụ na nnara ikpe (na-agụ a magazine, na-emeso a girl).
• Nke abụọ - na ose nke na-kwupụtara nouns na nnọchiaha, prepositions ma ọ bụ enweghị ha nanị na oblique ikpe (igwu egwu n'èzí, na-eje ije gburugburu yad). Ọ nwekwara ike-eji na intransitive ngwaa nnara, ma na-enweghị ihe ngọpụ na-ebu uru nke oge ma ọ bụ ogologo: ndị njem na-ehihie na abalị.

Ke adianade do, omume nke ihe na a transitive ngwaa nwere ike owụt ke genitive ikpe, kama ọ bụ naanị ndị na-esonụ mgbe:

• na designation nke ihe: ịzụta mmiri ọṅụṅụ tii;
• ma ọ bụrụ na e nwere a agugo nke ngwaa: m na-enweghị ikike, m na-agụ akwụkwọ.

Transitive na intransitive ngwaa (Isiokwu) nwere isi iche.

morphological atụmatụ

Dị ka a na-achị, ndị a ngwaa na-adịghị kpọmkwem morphological atụmatụ. Ma, ụdị ụfọdụ nke okwu kpụworo ndị egosi nke transitive ma ọ bụ intransitive ngwaa. Ya mere transitive ngwaa - bụ:

• All ngwaa na ikunye Xia (eme);
• denominative ngwaa nke suffix ma ọ bụ -e- ekenyela -No - (- icha-): bulie na a ga-ebelata ka a pulp, anyaukwu.

Site ntughari nwere ike ekewet ngwaa na-guzobere si adjectives na suffix -and-: Osisi Dịkwuo, nwa.

E nwere ụfọdụ ebe, prefixed bespristavochnym intransitive ngwaa na-etolite transitive ngwaa. Ihe Nlereanya emerụ na neutralize.

Ọ bụrụ na ha amaghị na ọ bụghị a emeju, ọ na-eje ozi dị ka a transitive ngwaa intransitive: The amụrụ ede (ikwu a onwunwe pụta ụwa ka onye a) dị mma.

Intransitive ngwaa nwere a pụrụ iche otu nke amara ngwaa na ha iwu àgwà - a suffix -sya (asa, azụ).

Amara ngwaa. atụmatụ

Amara ngwaa na-amụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ usoro ọmụmụ, dị ka nke ọma dị ka transitive ngwaa (mezuwo 6).

Breakout egosi edinam ngwaa, enyefe. Ọ na-hiwere site ahụ (postfix) -sya (-s).

Anyị nwere ike ịmata ihe dị iche ndị na-esonụ isi atụmatụ ndị a ngwaa:

• Firstly, ha nwere ike iṅomi ma transitive ngwaa (eyi - na-eji ejiji) na site intransitive (ịkụ aka - akụ aka). Ma, nloghachi (transitive ngwaa mgbe agbakwunye postfix -s (Xia)) ọ bụla ikpe, na-intransitive (uwe - ejiji).
• Nke abuo, na postfix kwukwara, sị: Xia - mgbe consonants (asa, asa ahụ, asacha), -s - mgbe ụdaume (uwe, uwe). Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama, na sacrament na-mgbe e dere na postfix-Xia (mgbakwasa, keosusu).
• Nke atọ, amara ngwaa na-guzobere ụzọ atọ: suffixal Postaffixal - agbakwunye a suffix na esiwe na postfix (+ VE nchapụta (ịbụ), na-), prefixed-Postaffixal (na + pit_sya) Postaffixal (asacha + ibu).

Nkwekọrịta mmụta Xia na n'ezinụlọ participles

Ebe ọ bụ na ndị isi morphological Njirimara transitive ngwaa - guzobe nkwekọrịta na Xia na n'ezinụlọ participles, nke bụ uncharacteristic maka intransitive ngwaa mara na usoro a n'ụzọ zuru ezu.

N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu, transitive ngwaa - bụ otu na Nleta a n'ezinụlọ participle ma ọ bụ derevativy agwụcha Xia, nke nwere ike a laghachi (ọsọ ọsọ), n'ezinụlọ uru (ike), dekauzativnoe (ezumike).

The wezụga bụ ngwaa tinye (na arọ), na-eri, na ọtụtụ itu on semelfaktivov Ọfọn (kovyrnut). E wezụga ndị a ngwaa adịghị etolite a n'ezinụlọ laghachi na emepụta.

Ma ka e nwere intransitive ngwaa ike nke na-akpụ n'ezinụlọ chepụtara. Ka ihe atụ, okwu ngwaa na-atụ anya. Ọ a kpụrụ si intransitive n'ezinụlọ imewe na mgbakwunye na nke ndị genitive: m na-atụ anya ọbịbịa nke Basil - na-atụ anya ọbịbịa nke Basil.

Mmekọrịta transitive ngwaa

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ntughari abụghị otu iwu okwu, ma ọ dị ọchịchọ nke kee transitionality Atiya na anụmanụ na Njirimara nke ngwaa, dị ka ikwu okwu prefixes:

• Ihe karịrị n'ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na-abụghị returnable ngwaa na-enwe a nganiihu dị iche iche, bụ mgbanwe (blur, inupụ iche). The wezụga bụ: ngwaa suffix anọchi ije -va- / -iva- / -a- (Ngabiga, mbanye); ngwaa, nke na-egosipụta ihe Njirimara n'amaghi mgbanwe, karịsịa ndị nwere -nu- suffix kpụrụ si intransitive ngwaa (gbazee, agbazekwa, zaa); ngwaa nwere ụdaume -e- ikpe na-egosi mgbanwe ndị na-Njirimara (ibu corpulent, ọgaranya); gụnyere - opi ọ gbanwere obi ya.
• Fọrọ nke nta niile mikpuru ngwaa nwere nganiihu ruru, bụ na-akwụsị akwụsị (wezụga: izmoknut, nkụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ị biko, na ndị ọzọ).

Ọmụmụ gbasara asụsụ Njirimara transitive ngwaa

The Russian asụsụ nwere nnukwu klas nke kpọmkwem ihe. E wezụga ndị na budata emetụta ọnọdụ, ngwaa nwere ike a kpọmkwem ihe, na-egwu ọ bụla siri ike nghọta ọrụ (atụ, na-ahụ, nwere ike - na a transitive ngwaa na ihe ihe, ọ dịghị ihe na-eme, ọ na-adịghị ebibi, adịghị agbanwe agbanwe).

Ọ na-enyo na ndị mepere mmegide ekwesịghị ọnwụ ejikọrọ na uche nke ngwaa na klas. Nke a pụtara na transitive ngwaa adịchaghị ịpụta agentivity-patsientivnuyu ọnọdụ. Ma, ọ bụ ka ike mara ụfọdụ ọnọdụ.

Ya mere transitive ngwaa - bụ:

• bara ma ọ bụ mbibi nke ndị na ngwaa ihe (egbu, agbaji);
• ngwaa ihe na-agbanwe ụdị (Mash, mpikota onu);
• ngwaa nke oyi mmetụta (mejọọ, iwe iwe, mejọọ).

Ọmụmụ gbasara asụsụ Njirimara nke intransitive ngwaa

N'imesi ọmụmụ gbasara asụsụ Njirimara nke transitive ngwaa, ị nwere ike kọwaa Njirimara nke ndị niile ọzọ, ya bụ intransitive:

• Ngwaa bụ otu, na-enweghị tinye-ons, na a na-ihe e ji mara mgbanwe na steeti patsiensa (kpọmkwem ihe, budata emetụta ọnọdụ), nke e mere site Ukwu. Ma ọ bụ o nwere ike ịbụ ikpe mgbe Agens arụ a obere ọrụ: ịnwụ, adiahade, dobe, udu mmiri.
• Okpukpu abụọ na anọ. Ntụgharị ngwaa aka (ma e wezụga ịnọgide na-enwe): na-akwalite, aka, na-ekwu, vspomoschestvovat.
• Ngwaa na-eji na ihe protruding akụkụ agentive ngwaa so (nkwaghari, nkwaghari, Ngabiga).
• Ngwaa nke nghọta nru ugha ọnọdụ (ịgụ na, na-atụ anya (na), na-atụkwasị obi, ịdabere na).

Uncanonical ụdị kpọmkwem ose

Ọ bụ mgbe kwuru na isi nke transitive ngwaa - ike na-emekọ ihe kpọmkwem ihe na nnara. Ma, e nwekwara klas nke ngwaa na-eji ọ bụghị nanị na na nouns na nnọchiaha na nnara ikpe, na na okwu ma ọ bụ ntụgharị nke n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ikwu okwu semantically yiri ka ọ na dịgasị iche. O nwere ike ịbụ:

• prepositional ahịrịokwu (m kpụchara akpụcha ya n'azu ntị);
• genitive otu (nna nna na-agụghị akwụkwọ akụkọ);
• adverbial otu (ọ na-aṅụ a otutu, otú ahụ ka m kpebiri);
• sentential actant (infinitive ntụgharị - m ụtọ ịga na-eme ihe nkiri; nkebiahiri na-eji na njikọ na otu -iji ma ọ bụ Gịnị - na m maara na ọ ga-aga oké osimiri; nkebiahiri na njikọ na Union-mgbe - M na-adịghị amasị mgbe mmiri).

Ụfọdụ e depụtara owuwu nwere ike ọ bụghị nanị na-eji dochie kpọmkwem ihe na-eji na a transitive ngwaa, ma a ga-eji na-egosipụta a yiri ọrụ na intransitive ngwaa. Ya bụ:

• infinitive ọsọ (na ọ nātu egwu aga n'ọhịa n'abalị);
• nkebi ahịrịokwu na imekọ ihe ọnụ ịlụ na -iji Gịnị (ọ bụ onye iwe na ọ na-abịa, na o kpere ekpere na ọ bịara);
• nkebi ahịrịokwu na njikọ na Union-mgbe (m na-adịghị amasị mgbe ụzọ na-na-na-emechi);
• genitive (ọ ezere ndị a ụmụ okorobịa)
• imewe na a otutu (Alina-ehi ụra a otutu).

Analogs nke n'elu mgbakwunye nnara nwere mgbanwe degrees nke Njirimara nke tupu art kpọmkwem ose.

Iji ichikota

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na isiokwu bụ otu n'ime siri ike, anyị nwere ike ikpebi ihe bụ ihe a transitive ngwaa. Na mụtakwara ọ dị iche na ndị na-abụghị mgbanwe, na igbunye n'etiti ikpeazụ vozratnye. Nakwa iji gosi na ya, anyị na-enye ihe atụ kwuo okwu na na transitive ngwaa, intransitive ma laghachi:

• Transitional: agba mgbidi, na-emeso onye ọrịa, na-agụ akwụkwọ, ka a uwe, ịgbatị aka uwe, ịzụta tii, a ọṅụṅụ nke mmiri, enweghị ikike ịkụ nwa;
• intransitive: na-eje ije n'okporo ámá, kwere na ezi ihe, a na-eje ije n'ime ogige, na-ebelata ka a pulp na ike ọgwụgwụ;
• laghachi: ka ihe na-eme, na-ekwekọrịtaghị, ha nso onye ọ bụla ọzọ, na-erubere isi, na-eche banyere ịbụ, mere ka ọ mata nwanne ya nwoke, na-emetụ na nke.