Types of birch osisi na Russian: nkọwa, foto

N'ihi na Russia, ọ dịghị osisi nwa afọ birch. The okwu pụtara na VII narị afọ, si na ngwaa "iji chebe". Oge ochie na-Slavic nnọchianya nke ọmụmụ na nchebe nke ndị mmadụ nwere chi - n'ezi ihe, ha nọ n'ụdị birch. Na niile likelihood, aha nke osisi na-abịa anyị kemgbe oge ochie. Ị maara otú ọtụtụ na ihe ụdị birch osisi na-eto eto na Russia? Taa, anyị ga-ahụ.

nkọwa

Ọtụtụ ụdị nke birch osisi ndị osisi, na-eru a elu nke 30 na 45 mita gbaa ogwe ọkọride 150 cm, ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ndị buru ibu ma na obere osisi, gụnyere na-akpụ akpụ, sonso welitere n'elu ala. All nnọchiteanya nke birch ezinụlọ bụ monoecious, dioecious, ifufe-ifuru osisi.

The mgbọrọgwụ usoro nke osisi nke genus ike, nwere ike ịbụ ma elu ma obliquely ahapụ miri emi (dabere na ibu ọnọdụ). Aṅacha taproot seedling-eme pụtara ngwa ngwa, ma n'akụkụ na a otutu nke ezi mochkovidnyh mgbọrọgwụ na-emepe emepe n'ike n'ike. Ná mmalite afọ nke birch eto dị nnọọ nwayọọ nwayọọ, ma n'ikpeazụ, amalite Prytkov agbalịsi gaba n'iru, inweta a mmeri herbaceous ahịhịa.

N'ụgbụgbọ kasị ụdị-acha ọcha, odo, pink ma ọ bụ ọbara ọbara-agba aja aja na agba, ọ bụ ezie na e nwere iche na isi awọ, aja aja na ọbụna na nwa mpụta nke ogwe. The mkpụrụ ndụ na-jupụtara na okwuchi anụ ahụ na-adị mfe peelable betulin (Gummy ọcha siri ike). Osisi-gbaruru otu narị afọ mgbe na ala nke gbọmgbọm, i nwere ike ịhụ na ọchịchịrị jikọrọ ọnụ na nza nke miri cracks.

Doo nnọchiteanya nke ezinụlọ birch ọzọ, toothed na n'ọnụ, dum, ovate-rhombic ma ọ bụ zita-egg udi, ezigbo, monosimmetricheskie, ogologo iru 7 sentimita n'obosara - 4.

Types of birches na Russia

Anyị enyocha general nkọwa nke òtù a genus. Ugbu a, m ga-achọ ka a mata ụfọdụ nke iche na ihe zuru ezu. Ị maara otú ọtụtụ ụdị birch dị n'ụwa? Ọkà nwere banyere 120 ụdị gịrịgịrị, belostvolnyh, ìhè osisi, mgbe ke Russia na-etolite banyere 65 iche, dị iche iche na ụfọdụ ndị. Ọ bụghị n'ihi na ihe ọ bụla bụ birch ghọrọ ihe nnọchianya nke mba anyị.

Na mgbakwunye na nke mbụ blond osisi na ogologo ọla ntị, e mesịkwara bụrụ ụdị ihe kpamkpam dị iche iche udi. Kacha nkịtị dị otú ahụ di iche iche nke birches na Russia dị ka drooping na N'ụbọchị nke abụọ, ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ná mba anyị, na osisi na n'ụgbụgbọ odo, violet, udara, isi awọ, aja aja na nwa. Na ndị a pụrụ iche osisi dị ka naanị nwetara ọkà mmụta ihe ọkụkụ ike ịmata genus nke birch. N'ihi ya, ihe atụ, na oké ọhịa na-eto eto Far birch ogbugbo na shaggy kama n'ụgbụgbọ. Ọzọkwa ebe a na e nwere osisi na ọchịchịrị-acha odo odo mpụta nke ogwe. Nke a na ụdị a na-akpọ ígwè birch n'ihi osisi siri ike, nke bụ nke abụọ naanị ike nke bokkautu (eto na ogbe).

betula pendula

Dị ka anyị kwuru, ọ bụ ihe nnọchianya nke Russian birch. Umu anumanu na osisi na iche nke kasị nkịtị osisi na mba anyị na anyị ga-atụle n'isiokwu. A mmalite na birch (Wart). Osisi a nwere ike iru a dị elu nke 30 mita na a dayameta nke 60-80 sentimita nke ogwe. Ọ e ji openwork Kroon, kwụwa si Ome, snow-acha ọcha ma ọ grayish-ọcha n'ụgbụgbọ dị iche iche na cracks, onye udi na-adabere na ụdị birch ogbugbo. Na na ala nke gbọmgbọm, guzobe Ntụ bee. Birch na a diamond-ọdịdị kụwaa eto ngwa ngwa, karị, na grubokoroy - nwayọọ nwayọọ. The isi mma nke ụdị - ọnụnọ nke obere growths, na-akpọ akpụkpa n'ahụ na-eto eto alaka. The kasị baa uru iche iche nke Karelian birch a na-ewere.

betula pubescens

Epupụta ábụbà birch osisi na-anọchi anya a ogologo-akpati na alaka-emeghe upwardly, ezigbo n'ụgbụgbọ ọcha ma ọ bụ grayish agba na nghọta ala-eto eto na Ome. Oké ọnụ karịsịa burls birch.

Betula pubescens na-hụrụ fọrọ nke nta niile ebe, ma e wezụga n'ihi na oké ugwu nakwa n'ebe ndịda, ebe e nwere ndị shrubby ụdị birch osisi. Description of ókèala na-eto eto osisi: kasị nkịtị ụdị birch osisi na-eto eto na otu ogige, n'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ na gburugburu ebe obibi Njirimara nke ha dị iche iche; maka birch họọrọ akọrọ ebe a n'ugwu, ma, ka N'ụbọchị nke abụọ - ala mmiri; mgbe ụfọdụ hụrụ na-adọ mmiri ebe. Ndị a na ụdị birch osisi na-eto eto nke ọma na deciduous na coniferous osisi.

Obere-osisi

Olee ụdị birch, e wezụga hotara na mbụ iche na-emeghe oghere nke mba anyị? Ke adianade Khingan nke ogologo osisi n'ugwu Russian birches eto Dwarf. Ụfọdụ na umu na-hụrụ na Altai Ugwu na ugwu ugwu ebe nke Central Asia. Botany nwere banyere 12 umu Dwarf osisi na-eto eto gburugburu ụwa. N'ihi ya, n'ihi na ihe atụ, ị pụrụ ịnụ ụtọ Altai cordata birch na Pamiro Alta - Altaian na turkestan, na Tien-Shan - birch Sapozhnikova na Schrenk.

Dwarf osisi na mba anyị na-dị na anya n'ebe ugwu, karịsịa ke treeless odida obodo mpaghara nke Ugwu Ụwa nke subarctic belt na a typical akpaetu-lichen tundra ahịhịa na ugwu ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Siberia. The kasị nkịtị na-agụnye Dwarf birch Dwarf, taa, Middendorf birch na Komarov.

Ufodi nwere obere na ha na-usụhọde n'ịdị elu, boletus mushrooms. Na ebe ụfọdụ i nwere ike ịhụ Dwarf osisi, anya ọzọ reminiscent nke osisi: birch Kuzmischeva, Gmelin, stunted, kustranikovaya, ovalnolistnaya na Far East. Lesotudrovyh eto predominantly na zones, na swampy ebe dị n'oké ọhịa.

Dahurian birch

Temnokorye osisi na umu na-ekesa na Far East, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ n'ime ha nwere ike-enwe mmasị n'ebe na Eastern Siberia. Ndị a gụnyere birch, Dahurian. Tree na openwork okpueze na-etolite 25 m n'ịdị elu. Isi ihe dị iche na ndị ọzọ na umu - na mbụ n'ụgbụgbọ: ụmụ birches ọ pinkish hue, ochie - ọchịchịrị isi awọ, mgbe ụfọdụ, nwa-aja aja, gbawara tinyere ọka. Birch n'ụgbụgbọ nwere ike oge ikpe exfoliate na ada oyi, fọdụrụ akụkụ nke na-ekokwasị tufts emepụta curl mmetụta. Ọchịchịrị akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ epupụta nke birch dahurica (nwa) na-ada oval ibu odo-agba aja aja ndo. Okooko amalite ozugbo blooming epupụta. Na-eto eto oge bụ mkpumkpu karịa ndị ọzọ umu.

birch n'ọdọ

Na ugwu nke Oké Osimiri Ojii n'ụsọ oké osimiri n'ebe ndịda nke Tuapse na Rion efere e nwere obere ọhịa nke birch Medvedev. N'ihi ezi dịrị alaka, nke a na umu na-etolite na mkpọda, nke gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ Ome kpụrụ ọhụrụ enyemaka osisi.

Pụrụ iche echiche na Asherim kpụrụ birch Radde na-acha uhie uhie-pink n'ụgbụgbọ. The naanị nnọchiteanya na Russia nnukwu osisi - birch Maksimovic, nke a na-hụrụ naanị na n'àgwàetiti nke ebe ndịda Kunashir Island (Kuril riiji).

Moscow collection

The Main Botanical Garden nke isi obodo si dum collection na-ekenyela na abụọ iche North American temnokoryh osisi. Ha na-adịghị amasị anyị Khingan ụdị birch osisi! Naanị ọnụnọ nke ọtụtụ ọla ntị, na-ahụkarị nke a osisi, na-egosi na nke a bụ a nwanne anyị Birch. Ọzọkwa ebe a na e nwere osisi na ọlaedo onwunwu n'ụgbụgbọ. Nke a bụ otu n'ime North American umu.

Ugbu a na ị maara otú ọtụtụ ụdị birch osisi na-eto eto gburugburu ụwa, nakwa na Russia aghọwo ndị kasị baa ọgaranya na umu mejupụtara birches mba.