Gangut oké osimiri agha (1714): nkọwa, na-akpata, akụkọ ihe mere eme na ya pụta

Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị dị ịrịba ama ngosipụta nke Northern War, dị ka a n'ihi nke nke Russia bee site ya a ma ama "window na Europe", bụ Gangut naval agha. Ọ bụ nke mbụ mmeri undefeated Russian Swedish nsoro. Ebe nchekwa nke ọ guzobere a ezumike - Day nke agha ebube nke Russia, nke na-eme ememe kwa afọ na August 9, ụbọchị ncheta nke agha.

The see okwu n'etiti ike ọchịchị abụọ fleets

Site opupu ihe ubi nke 1714 Russia we nweta niile n'ebe ndịda nke Finland, na a ịrịba akụkụ nke ya Central ebe. Ma ụfọdụ ala mmeri ná ndị ezughị. WepuÚ na Baltic Oké Osimiri mkpa mmeri Swedish nsoro, unu kpamkpam ịchịkwa mmiri ya. Ọ bụ nke a ịma aka na a napụtara site Peter m n'ihu iwu nke Russian skwodron.

Na June, e nwere mkpa iji ike agha agha ekpemede weghaara Russian agha Abu n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, bụ ihe dị mkpa usoro ihe. N'ihi nke a, ka n'ikperé Gangut e zigara a nsoro nke iri itoolu na itoolu akwọ ụgbọ mmiri n'okpuru iwu nke F. M. Apraksina. Ọ na-emi esịnede iri isii na asaa ịkwọ ụgbọ epeepe na iri atọ na abụọ scampaways (obere arịa maka iga nke agha). The Swedes na-atụ anya na ọdịdị nke ebe nke Russian ụgbọ mmiri, na ha kwagara intercept ha dum nsoro, gawa site Vice-Admiral Gustav Vatrangom - ahụmahụ naval ọchịagha, onye na-amụ ụzọ aghụghọ nke ndị metụtara agha.

Gangut agha - a duel nke ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri na a rụnyere n'ụgbọ mmiri

N'ụzọ dị iche na Russian akwọ ụgbọ nsoro na Swedish ogwe-ukwuu n'ime ụgbọ arịa, nke kere uru, ma n'otu oge na-adabere na ọnọdụ ihu igwe. N'etiti onye iro ụgbọ mmiri na ndị atọ frigates, iri na ise battleships, abụọ bọmbụ-Galiota na iteghete nnukwu ụgbọ epeepe. N'ihi ya, na akuku nke Swedes ọ bụ a doro anya preponderance nke ikike ndị na-mere F. M. Apraksina ichighaazu na Tverminnskuyu n'ọnụ mmiri ma jide ya n'okpuru cover nke agwaetiti nke fọrọ nke nta ka otu ọnwa.

Mgbe na-anata ozi ọma nke ọnyà, nke see Russian nsoro, Peter m bugara ha ọsọ enyemaka. Ọ na-edu ndị skwodron si Revel na 20 July wee Hanko. N'ịchọ ịnọgide incognito, eze ukwu zoro ezo ezigbo aha ya n'okpuru pseudonym Petra Mihaylova. Ebe a, na ihu nke onye iro, o gosiri na ya dị ka onye a ma ama naval ọchịagha. Gangut naval agha ahu a mmeri nke Russian nsoro ruru weere ha audacious na mbụ plan.

Kenkwucha aga nke Peter m

N'iji obodo atụmatụ nke dịịrị banye na mmiri, Peter m jisiri tactically outplay Swedish osote ochiagha. Ọ malitere na-ewu nke kacha dịrị warara akụkụ nke ọ bụ na-abụghị na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, bụ nke e ekpochi flotilla Apraksin, a na-akpọ Perevoloki. Ọ bụ a log flooring abụọ kilomita n'ogologo, inyịme si otu ụlọ akụ ọzọ na-enye ohere ikpuru na ya egbochi arịa n'akụkụ nke ọzọ Peninsula Bay-Rilaks Fjord. Mmejuputa dị otú ahụ a plan ga-ekwe ka ntọhapụ nke ndị mgbochi nsoro.

N'elu nnata nke ozi a na-Scout, Gustav Vatrang ozugbo kewara ndị agha ya abụọ akụkụ na zitere n'ime mmiri Rilaks Fjord Flotilla, nyere n'iwu site N'azụ Admiral N. Erensheld. Ya ozi bụ mbibi site ọkụ nke ha ogbunigwe Russian nsoro n'oge ya ezobata ahụ dị warara. Nke abụọ otu ụgbọ mmiri nyere n'iwu site Vice-Admiral Lille, bụ, dị ka ya atụmatụ ọgụ isi agha nke Russian. Mkpebi a bụ nnọọ ihe ezi uche, ma o nwere a ndudue, nke ghọrọ egbu maka Swedish agha mmiri.

Itunanya Russian skwodron

Nke a nkewa nke onye iro agha na wee uru nke Russian eze ukwu. The weather na ụbọchị - 6 August - bụ windless na jụụ, dị ka ị maara, na-anapụ ndị a rụnyere n'ụgbọ mmiri ndị bụ isi ha uru - maneuverability. N'ihi nke a onyinye nke eke skwodron nke Russian mmiri n'okpuru iwu nke MH Zmaevich malitere imebi ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri mechie Swedish mmiri guzo enyemaka dangling si ákwà ifufe. Swedes nwere ike na-ele anya na ogbi ọnụma juru onye iro dị ukwuu anya n'etiti ha na Russian mmiri na-anaghị ekwe ha iji egbe.

Mgbe mbụ ịkụ na a abụọ detachment, esịnede 15 ụgbọ mmiri. Ebe mere ihe a nghogbu, na unit Zmaevicha mechie peninshula na zuru ezu na anya nke Swedes, gbara ya gburugburu ha ụgbọala, na-eche ala agafe Russian flotilla. Next Vatrang n'ụzọ doro anya suke. Ọ bụ nnọọ ihe ọkụ ọkụ pụrụ detachment igbochi flotilla Apraksin, ka na Tverminnskoy n'ọnụ mmiri. Si otú o meghere ala gbara osimiri okirikiri waterway ma nye n'ụlọikpe ohere egbochi site na njikọ na isi agha nke ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri nsoro inwere site na Vanguard nke nsoro.

Dị ka agha eketịbede Gangut

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke naval agha ga na-ruo mgbe ebighị ebi na ihe ndị mere n'ụbọchị ya àmà pụrụ iche kenkwucha nkà na onye obi ike nke Russian akwọ ụgbọ mmiri. Site akwụkwọ nke afọ ndị ahụ anyị maara na ụbọchị na ụgbọ mmiri bụ akụkụ nke squad Erenshelda na grouped nso n'ebe ugwu nke ụsọ oké osimiri ahụ dịịrị banye na mmiri, e wakpoo site Vanguard nke Russian nsoro.

Swedish Vice Admiral wuru ha concave akara, n'ọnụ nke ruru isuo. Nke a nyere ha uru ụfọdụ na-eji ogbunigwe na nyeere ịlụ ọgụ mbụ na nke abụọ ọgụ. Ma nke atọ bụ na-egbu egbu ha. Ọ na-e mere megide flanks ma si otú ekweghị ka iro ka n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-uru nke ha ogbunigwe.

Ikpeazụ ebi ebi ọgụ, ghọrọ a mmeri

A ọchịchọ ịmata eziokwu: Gangut agha n'okpuru Peter 1 ikpeazụ, ihe ndị ga nke e kwuru na-ebi ebi na ọgụ. Ọ maara na n'ụbọchị Russian eze ukwu onwe-ya bugara ịbanye ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, na-arị elu na eriri na osisi onye iro ụgbọ mmiri, bụ ihe atụ nke obi ike na heroism. N'oge na-adịghị niile iro ụgbọ mmiri na e jidere, na ndị òtù ha crews, ndị bụ kechioma na-anọ ndụ, e mkpọrọ.

Gangut oké osimiri agha (1714) biri na ọdịdọ nke flagship nke Swedish ship "Elephant". E wezụga ya, ndị Russia aghọwo ihe trophies iri mmiri nọ n'okpuru iwu nke Vice Admiral Erenshelda. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha mmiri ka jisiri agbaji free ma gbalaga na Åland Islands. Onye mkpọrọ e weere na ọ Erensheld. Ọ bụ ezie na a na ụbọchị uba tụgharịa ya azụ na ochie oké osimiri nkịta, ọ na-adịghị tọrọ ihere na a na-gbara ugboro asaa, o nyere Russian-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri, naanị inwe-apụghị izere ezere.

Ihe ndị na-eje ozi dị ka a Russian mmeri

Modern na-eme nnyocha na-akpọ ndị isi ihe, nke e nwere a na-enwe mmeri akụkọ ihe mere eme Gangutskaya agha. Nkenke ha nwere ike kpọrọ dị ka nkà gosiri iwu nke Russian nsoro, a na-ghar kenkwucha echiche, ikwe na ojiji nke uru nke fechaa akwọ ụgbọ nsoro tupu gara - ọzọ dị ike, ma na-erughị mobile, na onye flotovodcheskie àgwà nke Emperor Petra Velikogo.

Ruo ugbu a, na-eme nnyocha na ọ dighi otutu mmadu kwenyere na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọgụ na-eme site na Russian-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri megide Swedish nsoro. The version ọkọnọ n'elu dabeere na àmà nke akụkọ ihe mere eme underdog, na-akpọlite ụfọdụ inwe obi abụọ. E nwere ihe mere kwere na agha ahụ bụ n'ezie nanị otu, abụọ ndị nke ọzọ bụ ndị na-mepụtara nke Swedes, bụ onye chọrọ n'ụzọ ụfọdụ na-akwado shaky mgbe ugwu nke ya nsoro na-egosi na mmeri gara Russian arọ price.

Pụtara na-emeri Gangut

N'ihi ya, na ụbọchị ka na abụrụ Russian Navy meriri ya mbụ naval agha. Gangut Russia gosiri na ya abụrụ ọhụrụ dike Maritime ike. Nke a ukwuu sikwuo ya ùgwù n'etiti ndị ọzọ na mba Europe na-ekwe ka na-eduzi mkparita uka na ihe hà footing na eze nke na-eduga mba nke ụwa. Ke adianade do, na-emeri ndị 1714 naval agha Gangut ịrịba mmetụta na n'ozuzu N'ezie nke Northern War.

Na mmeri a, na Russian ala agha na-enwe ike rụọ ọrụ kpam kpam na n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Gulf nke Finland na Gulf of Bothnia. Na ọ bụ ezie na ngụkọta mmeri nke Sweden nwere afọ asaa ọzọ, ma mgbe Agha nke Poltava Gangut oké osimiri agha - na mbụ isi mmeri nke oké osimiri --egosi na ụwa na irreversibility nke usoro nke-aghọ dị ka Russia a trendsetter na ụwa na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.

Triumph of mmeri

Na September 1714 mmeri laghachi St. Petersburg. N'ebe a, ha zutere ìgwè mmadụ nke ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na ụmụ amaala zọọrọ njem n'okpuru arches akpan wuru na Arc de Triomphe. Ọ nọ na-kpuwere onyinyo nke Russian ugo ọdụ astride ihe elephant. Elephant - mere sụgharịta aha nke Swedish flagship "Elephant." Enwezu akụkọ ifo na-emegide onwe e dere: "Russian ugo anaghị enwetaghị ijiji."

N'ihi Gangut naval agha Peter m e ọdịda aha osote ochiagha, nke e ọma kwesịrị, nyere ya na-eduga ọrụ na iwu nke nsoro na ikike ka eru mkpebi na a mgbagwoju kenkwucha ọnọdụ. Kwuo na e nyere na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ sonyere na a agha.

Ozugbo na ya laghachiri isi obodo nke crews e minted puku akwọ ụgbọ mmiri Ọla "N'ihi na mmeri nke Gangut", ma, dị ka dịkọrọ ndụ, ha enweghị na-asọpụrụ niile dị iche onwe-ha ibu agha, na-esote afọ abụọ, ọnụ ọgụgụ e okpukpu atọ. Special awards nyere maka ọrụ. Russia ka agāsọpuru dike, ekele nke agha e merie Gangut. Sea ike ike na-enweghị ihe mere ka mgbe e weere na ihe dị oké mkpa akụrụngwa nke ya agbachitere ike.

weghaara mmiri

Weghaara mmiri Swedes a kpọgara St. Petersburg. Ha na-enịm maka ọha ikiri tinyere Kronverkskaya ducts ugwu ekewapụ Pita na Pọl Ebe e wusiri ike na akụkụ nke n'ikpere mmiri, ebe Atilari Museum taa. Otu n'ime ha bụ ndị a ma ama flagship "Elephant".

Peter m bụ nnọọ mpako nke ya dị ka ebe nchekwa nke dị ebube mmeri, ma nye iwu ghara iji na-eme n'ọdịnihu agha arụmọrụ, na, rụziri, ga-esi n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-eme ka nke ọ a ụdị ncheta. Anyị mee otú ahụ. Ozugbo egwu agha guzo n'usọ ruo mgbe 1737, ma kpamkpam rere ure, na-kagburu maka nkụ.

The ụka - a ncheta ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Maara Aha

Gangut naval agha kwuru na ndụ nke ọtụtụ Russian, ma, ọbụna ihe Swedish akwọ ụgbọ mmiri. N'etiti ha, 361 ndị mmadụ edepụtara dị ka ndị nwụrụ anwụ ma 350 merụrụ ahụ. N'etiti Russian-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri Nwere Obi Ike ọnwụ nke 124 ndị e gburu na 342 merụkwara ahụ. Na nsọpụrụ nke mmeri ndibọhọ ke ụbọchị mgbe Orthodox Church na-agba ebe nchekwa nke St. Panteleimon, chọọchị e wuru na St. Petersburg. On ya facade ike echeta marble ihe e dere ede, nke na-ekwu na n'oké osimiri njikọ, bụ ndị na-agha.

Church na oge 1735-1739 gg. O wu-n'okpuru nduzi nke a maara nke ọma Russian-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ I. K. Korobova ma ruru anyị na-emelite ụdị. Na ọtụtụ ndị maara nke a ụlọ, emi odude ke obio center na nkuku nke n'okporo ámá Pestel na Salt Lane. N'ihi ya, e nadigh anwu anwu site a ncheta nke ije Gangut agha - mbụ Russian naval mmeri.

Sea agha maka Grengam na-agbachitere Hankey

The n'otu chọọchị bụ a ncheta nke ọzọ dị ebube mmeri nke Russian nsoro, ndibọhọ site na 1720 na a agha na-Swedish mmiri maka agwaetiti Grengam. Gangut àmà heroism nke Russia na n'oge Akwa Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya. Erule mgbe ọ bịara na-akpọ ndị Hanko dịịrị banye na mmiri. Ruo mgbe ebighị ebi banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke na-azara ọnụ, nke malitere n'ụbọchị ndị mbụ mgbe German agha na mba anyị na dịruru 164 ụbọchị. Banyere ha yiri ihe e dere ede dị n'ihu na chọọchị nke St. Panteleimon, na ndị na-abụghị n'akụkụ nke n'okporo ámá Pestel.