1223: na Russia omume. The results nke Agha nke Kalka

Black pụtara na 1223 maka mba anyị. The ihe mere na Russia na-na kpebisiri ike site ọtụtụ narị afọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị obodo na Eastern Europe. Otu ọma agha tụgharịa ụzọ dum nke ihe mere eme.

1223: Omume Russia

niile nwere magburu onwe si n'ụlọ akwụkwọ n'uche na mmalite nke narị afọ nke 13 - oge nke Mongol mbuso agha na Polovtsian ala (n'akụkụ aka Slavic ebo) na ókèala Russia. Russian mmeri nke ala nke anụ horde bụ nwayọọ nwayọọ, ma gịnị mere na 1223 na Russia? Ọ bụ May 31, 1223 (dị ka kọọrọ anyị Laurentian Chronicle) were n'agha nke mbụ Khan agha na Russian agha. Anyị niile maara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe omume a na-akpọ "The Battle nke Kalka River."

Akpata Agha nke Kalka

The agha n'etiti Tatars na Russian isi mee elu mee ma ọ bụ mgbe e mesịrị, a ga-enwe. N'ihi gịnị? Dị ka Mongol atụmatụ, bụ nke e mepụtara Genghis Khan, ya ala nwere na-ekpuchi ọ bụghị naanị ezi Mongolian n'ókèala, ma ịgbatị ahụ dum nke Europe.

Gịnị mere ndị dị otú ahụ a nnukwu ókèala ndị Mongol? Echefula na ha na-akwagharị akwagharị. Ndị dị otú ahụ nwere ike nọdụ n'otu ebe ahụ n'ụzọ nke ugbo. Na-akwagharị akwagharị na-adịghị aku agriculture, na na anụ ụlọ. The nnochite anya nke ndị mmadụ oké ìgwè ehi nke nwere ihe na-eri nri. ugbo usoro na-agụnye oge nnọchi ịta ahịhịa ọhụrụ, n'ihi ochie ịta nri nwere ihe ọ bụla na-eri ụmụ anụmanụ dị ka nri. Ọ chọrọ Europe bụ Mongol dị ka a nwere ebe ịta nri maka anụ ụlọ ha.

Ihe tupu agha na Kalka

O doro anya na ọnọdụ nke agha na Kalka abịaghị ozugbo. The mmeri njem nke Mongol agha ahụ malitere na Central Asia. Mgbe ahụ horde gawa kwupụta Iran. Ọ dịghị agha enweghị ike ịkwụsị ha. Mongol iso ibugo onu na ntụziaka nke Caucasus. Horde isi mara na ọtụtụ isi obodo bara ọgaranya na ndị Caucasus, nke pụrụ ịnapụ. Inwe a na-enwe mmeri Maachi na Caucasus, dị ka Georgian agha banyere ala nke oge a na Russia, nke ókèala mgbe ebo nile nke Alans na Polovtsy bi. The ike nke ndị a na-awagharị awagharị iche iche e meriri otu otu, n'ihi na diplomacy nke Mongol mmeri nwekwara ejikwara ọma.

1223 ... Omume Russia, nke nwere ike ime, ọ bụghị obi ụtọ isi, n'ihi na ha maara na mee elu mee ma ọ bụ mgbe e mesịrị ndị a ìgwè ruru Kiev. Russian isi nwere na-abịa grips na Mongol na arịrịọ nke Polovtsy. Ọzọ, na-enwe nsogbu Genghis Khan agha mee elu mee ma ọ bụ mgbe e mesịrị, ọ ka ga-mere. N'ịghọta na Tatars akwụsịghị, ndị isi kpebiri na ya agaghị ajụ Polovtsian Khan enyemaka. Ịnagide na Kiev, ndị agha Mstislava Galitskogo na Mstislav na Daring (n'oge ahụ Prince of Kiev), ihe bịara pụta ìhè na mkpọsa. N'oge mkpọsa ahụ Mongol ugboro abụọ zitere ha nnọchiteanya, nzube nke nke bụ ime ka ndị agha Russia. Mongol nesi arumaru na ha nwere ike ịnagide Polovtsy, ma ga-aga na Russian obodo.

The agha na-Mongol

Ịmara nke mere na 1223, obere oge tupu ìgwè ndị Batu Khan, Genghis Khan na Russia (ya bụ, mmeri nke ndị kasị baa ọgaranya obodo nke Caucasus), Russian isi ekweghị nnọchiteanya Horde. Ya mere, na mkpọsa kere. Gang kpaliri ala Dnieper. N'ebe bụ ugbu a na Cherkassy region nke Ukraine isi ndị agha mere ka ịgafe nke Dnieper. Ọbụna ebe enwere a mbụ o zutere onye iro agha. The Mongol ndị ngwa ngwa inyinya, otú a ka ha na-enwe ike ịgbapụ ma raba Russian agha ke adaba n'ihi na agha, nke dị nso n'oge a osimiri Kalmius (Zaporizhia mpaghara).

Amalite ibu agha bụ maka Russian-isi. Ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ nke a nwere ike kọwara site ọsọ nke edinam isi agha. Kiev isi gafee osimiri, na-amụ Mongolian mara ụlọikwuu site n'ebe di anya, ọ laghachiri na ọnọdụ nke ya agha na-akwadebe ha maka ọgụ. The Mongol malitere agbahapụ. Karịsịa ike enwe na squad ndị Daniila Galitskogo. Ma mgbe ahụ, ndị Golden Horde banye agha ọzọ agha, nke mere ka ndị kacha pụta n'ọtụtụ agha na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Ukrainian na Russian iche iche - agbanahụ allies (Polovtsy), nke bibiri Ọdịdị nke Russian agha isi. Mgbe nke a, na Tatars mmeri bụ a okwu nke oge na technology. Slavic agha ya tara ahụhụ arọ weere na a agha.

ọgwụgwụ

1223 ... Omume Russia bụ n'ezie mwute. The merie Kalka nile Russia na a kpọmkwem na zuru ezu na nduzi na ala, "Zolotaya Orda." Tartar yoke kere fọrọ nke nta ka afọ 300. Nke a nnukwu akụkọ ihe mere eme oge yigharịrị a-ezighị ezi mmetụta na mmepe nke Russia na Ukraine nke oge a ala.