Aṅụ mmanya butyl

Butanol - bụ omenala aha nke onye nke monovalent alcohols. Na ya aha nhazi - 1-butanol, na ndị ọzọ - a na-etinye n-butanol (ezigbo butanol) ma ọ bụ mmanya butyl. N'okpuru nke mmanya a kachasị dị na ya, e nwere ihe carbon carbon anọ jikọtara ọnụ, otu akụkụ hydroxyl na-anọchikwa otu hydrogen atom na aturu mbụ nke C. Usoro ọgwụ ọjọọ bụ C4H9OH, nke bụ CH3 (CH2) 3OH, nke ahụ bụ C4H10O.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ n-butanol nke molar bụ 74.1 g / mol. N'okpuru ọnọdụ kwesịrị ekwesị, ọ bụ mmiri mmiri nwere density nke 0,8 g / cm³. -Agbaze ebe C4H9OH - mwepu 90,2 ° C, esi okpomọkụ - gbakwunyere 117,4 Celsius C. Ntughari ihe omimi nke ihe dị ọcha ruru 1.399. Mwepụ onwe onye nke 1-butanol na okpomọkụ nke gbakwunyere 345 ° C, na-enwu ọkụ na okpomọkụ nke gbakwunyere 34 Celsius.

Mmanya na-egbu butyl bụ hydrocarbon nke na-arụ ọrụ na hydrogen atom nke na-anọchite C atom na-anọchite anya otu hydroxyl. Ọ nwere atọ isomers na aha nhazi:

• 2-methyl-1-propanol bụ hydrocarbon branched na otu methyl na nke abụọ na otu hydroxyl na mbụ carbon atom;
• 2-butanol bụ hydrocarbon linar nke nwere otu hydroxyl na nke abụọ carbon atom;
• 2-methyl-2-propanol bụ hydrocarbon branched na methyl na hydroxyl dị iche iche na atọ gas abụọ.

Obere aha maka ndị a bekee ke otu usoro: iso-butanol (mmanya isobutyl), sec-butanol na tert-butanol.

Mkpụrụ ndụ nke isomer nke butanol dị iche iche, ya mere, ihe anọ ọ bụla nwere usoro C4H9OH n'ozuzu nwere ihe dị iche iche na-agbaze, isi nri na àgwà ndị ọzọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, butyl na isobutyl alcohols nwere nkwụsịtụ na-adịghị mma, ebe ndị ọzọ isomers abụọ ahụ jikọtara ya na mmiri. Nke a bụ n'ihi na n'ụdị mmanya niile (CnH2n + 1OH) nwere otu hydroxyl nke na-emetụta polarity, mmụba ya na-eme ka mmụba nke mmiri na-agbaze. N'otu oge ahụ, mmụba na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke carbon carbon na molecule na-eme ka usoro a sie ike karị. Ọ bụrụ na ụdị mmanya ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka methanol, ethanol na propanol jikọtara ya na mmiri, mgbe ahụ, n-butanol bụ nke kwesịrị ekwesị.

Ọrịa Tert-butyl (ma ọ bụ 2-methyl-2-propanol maọbụ t-butanol) bụ mmanya kachasị elu. Ọ bụ mmiri doro anya (ma ọ bụ ihe siri ike). Nke a na-aba n'anya bụ ukwuu soluble na mmiri, weere na diethyl ether na ethanol. Ọ bụ ihe dị iche n'etiti ndị isomers nke butanol, n'ihi na ọ nwere ike isi ike na ụlọ okpomọkụ ma gbazee na okpomọkụ dịtụ elu 25 Celsius C. Tert-butanol bụ ngwaahịa na-emepụta isobutane site na propylene oxide. Na mgbakwunye, a pụrụ inweta ya site na hydration catalytic na isobutylene.

Dị ka ọtụtụ mmanya ndị ọzọ, mmanya butyl bụ ihe na-emerụ ahụ. Mana o gosiputara nrịanwụ nke nbibi na nyocha na ụmụ anụ ụlọ, ya mere ọ na-ezo aka na nchekwa dị mma ma eji ya eme ihe. Otú ọ dị, ịbanye na akpụkpọ ahụ n'ime ahụ mmadụ pụrụ iduga ịda mbà n'obi nke usoro nchebe nke etiti. Njikọ nke mmanya na-aba n'anya na-eme ka ha na-ewe iwe ọsọ ọsọ, na-etinye ya na akpụkpọ ahụ dị oke njọ. N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu, butanol n'ike n'ike metabolized na carbon dioxide. Ihe ize ndụ kachasị na-abịa site na ikpochapu ogologo oge na ntụrụndụ. Nnukwu nsi na-egosipụta onwe ya site n'ibibi usoro nhụjuanya bụ isi ma nwee ike ịkpata ọnwụ.

A na-ejikarị okwu ahụ "mmanya na-aba uru" eme ihe na ethanol, mana enwere ike ịsị na ọ bụ mmanya ọzọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụrụ na e weere butanol dị ka ihe ọkụkụ mmanụ ụgbọala. Ọ na - arụ ọrụ nke ọma karịa ethanol, ebe ike nke emepụtara site na combustion nke otu mmanụ ụgbọ elu dị elu na C4H9OH karịa na C2H5OH. Butanol ike ga-eji dị ka ihe mmako ka mmanụ dizel, si otú mbenata soot ọdịnaya iyuzucha, haruru.

A na-eji ọgwụ ọṅụṅụ butyl eme ihe dị ka ihe mgbaze ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa inyeaka maka ọgwụ chemical, yana mmanụ. Dị ka ihe mgbaze, a na-eji ya na ụlọ ọrụ na-edozi ahụ. Ọ bụkwa akụkụ nke hydraulic na mmiri breeze ma ọ bụ na-eje ozi, n'agbanyeghị oke ihe ọṅụṅụ ya, dị ka ntọala maka mmanu.