Ala nke ọhịa-steppe nke Russia

Ókèala Russia dị nnọọ ukwuu. Nke a bụ ọnọdụ kachasị elu n'ihe gbasara ohere. Ala ya na-agafe ihe dị ka puku iri na otu site na ọdịda anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ihu igwe na ala dị n'ókèala mba ahụ dị nnọọ iche. Ihu igwe na-esi na arctic siri ike na-emetụ ala. Ala, na n'aka - si oyi snowy arctic desat na n'ebe ugwu na ala kpọrọ nkụ nke ọkara desert n'ebe ndịda.

Mpaghara nke ọhịa-steppe

Dabere na zonality na ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke mba ahụ, a na-ekpuchi ihe mkpuchi ala, dị iche iche na nhazi usoro na ọmụmụ.

Russian n'ókèala ekewa ndị na-esonụ eke ebe :

• Arctic desert;
• Tundra;
• Nnukwu ọhịa;
• Taiga;
• broadleaf na mbuaha ọhịa ;
• Forest-steppe;
• Steppes;
• Desert;
• Ntugharị.

A na-ewere akụkụ nke ọhịa-steppe, steppe na subtropics ka ebe kachasị mma maka ịme ihe ubi.

Mpaghara mpaghara ọhịa-steppe bu ihe ndi ozo na oke ohia na ahihia. Na n'ókèala a, sod-podzolic, marsh, ọhịa gbara ntụ, podzolized, solonetz na ala ndị dị na chernozem.

Ala nke ọhịa-steppe na usoro ha

Forest-steppe bụ mpaghara okike dị n'etiti ọhịa na steppe zones nke mgbakọ. Ógbè ọhịa-steppe gbasaa site na Eastern Eastern Europe na nke dị na Siberia Siberia, nakwa site na Southern Urals. Ụfọdụ akụkụ nke ọhịa-steppe dị n'ime etiti Middle Danubian.

Ala nke ọhịa-steppe nke Russia ka emere ka ọ dị ogologo oge. Amalite mmalite nke mpaghara a jikọtara oge nke njedebe nke oge glacial. Na Eastern Europe na Western Siberia, mpaghara nke ọhịa-steppe dị mma nke ọma, na ntụgharị site n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, e kewara ya na mpaghara atọ: Far East, Siberian na East Europe.

Njirimara nke ala ahihia-ohia di iche iche di iche na ihe ozo na ha, nke a, n'aka nke ya, choputara omume nke oru ugbo nke mmadu na ihe ozo.

Forest-steppe bụ akụ dị elu nke Russia

Ala dum nke mpaghara a dị ihe dị ka nde hectare 150, ma ọ bụ ihe dịka pasent 7 nke ógbè dum. Ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke àgwà zonal na-emetụta ala nke dị n'oké ọhịa-steppe na-enwe, dabere na mmiri ozuzo, okpomọkụ na ihe ọkụkụ. Ọnọdụ ihu igwe na ọhịa-steppe dịgasị iche site n'ebe ugwu gaa n'ebe ndịda, ndịrịtaiche nke mpaghara, nke na-ekpebi otú ala nke oké ọhịa-steppe nke Russia nwere ike isi dị iche n'iji mejupụtara ya na ihe kwesịrị ekwesị. Ụdị ala na-ekpebi site na ọkpụrụkpụ nke humus mmiri. A na-ewere ọnụnọ nke humus nke na-erughị pasent iri abụọ dị ka ihe ịrịba ama nke ala ala. Ihe karịrị iri anọ - a na-ewere ala dị mma maka ọrụ ugbo.

Mpaghara kachasị mma nke ala kwesịrị ekwesị dị na ọhịa-steppe nke Russia. A na-akụ ala nke mpaghara a ruo pasent 80. N'ihi nnukwu ọmụmụ na ọnụnọ akwa humus, ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị a na-eto eto ebe a. Maka akụkụ bụ isi ọka, ala nke ọhịa-steppe dị mma. Anụ ọka, rye, ọka, buckwheat na-eto eto na mpaghara a. Ugbo nke ulo oru ihe ubi: sunflower, beets, idina n'ike n'ike.

Formation na ụdị nke Ona n'ime oké ọhịa-steppe mpaghara nke mba

A na-akpụ ala nke ọhịa-steppe na ọnọdụ nke eto eto na ahịhịa ala.

Ewubere ala nke ọhịa-steppe mgbe a na-emebi osisi na-anọgide na osisi shrub na osisi ahịhịa. Mmiri nke mpaghara mpaghara ndị dị na ya dị oke karịa ubi agrocenoses ma rute site na 100 ruo 500 tọn kwa hectare, dabere na afọ nke osisi. Site na oke ohia, okpukpu ohia nke ohia kwa afo na-enweta site na 2 ruo 30 ton kwa hectare nke ihe akpo, nke sitere na 50 ruo 700 kilogram kwa hectare nke ash. Àkù hardwood residues nitrogen (50-85 n'arọ / ha) na calcium (70-95 n'arọ / ha) na-achọpụta rụọ ọnụnọ nke a ọma na gburugburu ebe obibi nke e guzobere tụụrụ Ona.

N'akụkụ dị n'ebe ugwu nke oke ọhịa-steppe, a na-edozi ihe mkpuchi ala karịsịa site n'ala ndị gbara chaa chaa na-acha uhie uhie, nke a na-ahụ na podzolized na chernozems. A na-eduzi ebe a na-arụ ọrụ n'ugbo ugbo. 55% nke mpaghara na-plowed, na chernozems - banyere 40%.

N'elu mmiri nke ahịhịa, ahịhịa, ndagwurugwu na ndagwurugwu, n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke mmiri mmiri (1-2 mita), ala humus-gley na ala sod-gley na-etolite n'ọhịa na ahịhịa osisi-ahịhịa. A na-eji hayfields na ebe ịta nri.

N'ebe ndị dị larịị, ebe nke ala na-acha ọbara ọbara na-ekpuchi adịghị elu 5%, ebe ọ bụ n'elu ugwu ọ na-eru 20% ma ọ bụ karịa.

Na mpaghara ndịda nke ọhịa-steppe, ala ubi na-abụkarị ebe a na-ekpo ọkụ ma na-ahụkarị chernozems. A na-akọ ihe dịka 87% nke ala dum. Isi akụkụ nke ala arable dị na ndagwurugwu. Mmiri mmiri dị elu na-emetụta ihe dị ka pasent 30 nke ala arable, n'ebe ụfọdụ ọ ruru 40-50%.

Mbelata nke ọmụmụ ala - ọdachi nke ọdịnihu

Mbelata dị ike na chernozems ọmụmụ na-eme ka ụda na-adịgide adịgide na nri. Ihe kpatara nke a bu ugbo ugbo. Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nkọ na ọdịnaya humus, mmụba na njupụta anụ ahụ nke ala, nhụsianya n'ime ihe owuwu ahụ na mmiri-anụ ahụ dịka nhazi nke ọrụ ugbo ugbo.

Ala nke ọhịa-steppe nke Russia maka taa n'oge usoro ugbo kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ abaala ihe karịrị pasent 30 nke ọmụmụ ya. A na-ewere usoro a dị ka ihe a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha. Nhazi otu centimita nke oyi akwa na-eme nri na-eme ihe dị ka afọ 125-400. Mmebi nke mmadu mebiri buru ibu. N'ikpeazụ, na-enweghị achọpụta àgwà kwesiri ekwesighi na mpaghara ala nke mba ndị ahụ, a ga-ebibi usoro okike nke okike. Nke a ga - eduga na ala nke na - eme nri n'ime afọ 40-50 na - esonụ. Ka anyi nwee olile anya na ezi uche na ezi uche nke ndi mmadu agaghi ekwe ka nsogbu di otua nke n'usoro uwa zuru oke na ichu ogologo oge.