Alexander Zholkovsky: ndụ ya na ọrụ

Ama, na onye so dee, edemede nkatọ Alexander Zholkovsky na Russia taa na-akasị mara naanị warara ọkachamara. Ọ bụ ezie na ya na nkà mmụta sayensị echiche ka na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mepụtara na pụtara ìhè nchapụta na freshness. Anyị na-agwa banyere otú e nwere na ndụ nke a na-akpali mmadụ, na okike ya ụzọ.

Nwata na malite

A mụrụ n'ọdịnihu ọkà mmụta sayensị Alexander Zholkovsky September 8, 1937 na Moscow na-akpali nnọọ mmasị ezinụlọ. Nne ya Deborah Semenovna Rybakova mara musicologist, Ph.D., ọ kụziiri music akụkọ ihe mere eme na Moscow Conservatory na Music College. Nna Constantine Zholkovsky Platonovich nwụrụ mgbe na-ekere òkè igwu mmiri kayaking na White Sea, mgbe nwa ya nwoke bụ naanị ọnwa ole na ole. Alyx nna (mere ihe niile ka na-akpọ Zholkovsky) dochie abụọ di nke nne m, Lev Abramovich Mazel - ama Soviet musicologist, prọfesọ na Moscow-akụzi ịkụ. N'oge agha, nwa okoro ahụ na nne na nna ya kpọpụrụ ka Sverdlovsk. Ma nne nne na nne nwa nna nna, onye bi na Kiev, see German arụ na nwụrụ na Babi yar.

guzobere

Na 1944 ezinụlọ laghachi Moscow, na Alexander Zholkovsky gaa akwụkwọ nọmba 50, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ukpono 1954. Nke a kwere ya enweghị nnyocha, ma naanị maka ajuju ịga mahadum. Ọ họọrọ prestigious Faculty of Philology, Romance-Germany alaka nke Moscow State University. M. Lomonosov. Ire ya bụ English iche iche. Student Zholkovsky bụ a uchu, na-amụ nke ọma, ma ideologically kwa free. N'oge na n'afọ ikpeazụ ya bụ n'ihi na Komsomol nzute na natara a baa mba, na oge ọ na-emechi akpaghị aka na-ekesa ihe ọ bụla ọzọ ma ọ bụ obere ezigbo ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ.

Ụzọ Soviet ọkà mmụta sayensị

Mgbe ha gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Alexander Zholkovsky, ekele intercession na nduzi nke onye nkụzi, a na-akwanyere ùgwù ọkà mmụta sayensị Vyacheslava Vsevolodovicha Ivanova, sonyeere laabu nke igwe translation na Institute of Foreign Asụsụ. Thorez. Ọ bụ naanị na nkà mmụta sayensị na alụmdi, nke bụ egwu ịkpọrọ a free-thinker. Ọ malitere na a agadi engineer, mgbe ahụ, ghọrọ a keobere research nnyemaaka na ekemende bilie agadi na-eme nchọpụta. Zholkovsky aku bughi semantics, na ya isiokwu chọpụtara pụtara ìhè asụsụ Igor Aleksandrovich Melchuk. Ọ kpọrọ ndị na-eto eto ọkà mmụta sayensị na ya na-arụ ọrụ otu, nke ahụ mepụtara ozizi "ederede-pụtara" ghọtara mesịrị fọrọ nke nta revolutionary. N'ihi nke imekọ ihe ọnụ hụrụ ìhè nke ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na lexical atụmatụ na ibuo nkọwa combinatorial dictionary nke Russian asụsụ. Mepụtara ozizi dị iche iche na ndị Soviet Union na-enweghị ike, na-akọwa okwu ndị e bipụtara na na 80s na Vienna, mgbe Melchuk kwaga. The laabu mgbe ahụ bụ n'ezie otu Freethinkers, maka ihe na, n'eziokwu, ihe niile na-emetụta.

Na 1974, ọ nọ na chụọ n'ọrụ si Zholkovsky MGPI. Nke a bụ n'ihi na mgbe a chụọ Solzhenitsyn ọkwá freethinking ụbụrụ na-aghọ nke ukwuu mgbagwoju anya, malitere a ezigbo ọcha nke na nkà mmụta sayensị oru. Alexander sonso jisiri a ọrụ na na ulo akwukwo "Informelectro" ebe Group na-arụ ọrụ YU Apresian n'okpuru guise nke na-emesapụ aka director S. G. Malinina. The otu mepụtara a nlereanya na-arụ ọrụ Mel'chukov igwe translation. Taa, ọrụ otu a ka e n'ebe nile ma na-bipụtara n'ụwa nile.

tesis

Ke ukem na-arụ ọrụ na otu Mel'chukov Alexander Zholkovsky amụ akwụkwọ nke Institute of Oriental Asụsụ na Moscow State University. The isiokwu nke na-arụ ọrụ bụ onye osisi asụsụ Somali. Na 1968, ndị tesis chụsịrị, Alec ama zitere nkịtị, kama management nke Institute malitere iji kụda agbachitere. Ihe kpatara na - Zholkovsky banyere leta na ihe nkwado nke jidere ekwenyereghị ọchịchị ha na Ginzburg Galanskov ebubo nke na-eke na ikesa samizdat. The Institute ka napụrụ ndị dissertation kansul nzaghachi post-gụsịrị akwụkwọ Zholkovsky. Na ọdịda nke 1968 na ọ mere ndị Soviet mbuso agha nke Czechoslovakia, na Alex ọzọ n'etiti protesters. MGPI management kpebiri igbasa dissident na-enye ya nchebe. Ma, ọ gbochiri n'ịkagbu ihe ọha oru, nke a na-n'ihu ọha na-akwado Zholkovsky. N'ihi ya, n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1969, o nwere ike brilliantly rue nchedo usoro, na mgbe e mesịrị na-enweta ihu ọma nke WAC. Nke ahụ bụ naanị dissident humanist ọma agbachitere.

afọ nke ije biri n'ala

Independent na ọgụgụ isi Aleksandr Zholkovsky, onye biography na-metụtara ọ bụghị nanị na sayensị kamakwa agha, apụghị m dabara n'ime Soviet eziokwu, na na 1979 kwaga - mbụ Vienna na mgbe ahụ na US, ebe ọ dịrị ndụ kemgbe. N'ihi na ọtụtụ afọ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Cornell University, na ebe ọ bụ na 1983 - na University of Southern California. Nke nta nke nta Alexander Zholkovsky, onye foto bụ ihe ọ bụla asụsụ akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma, na-akpụ akpụ n'ebe isiike structuralism malitere ide a akwụkwọ banyere pụtara ìhè Russian dere, a na-emejuputa atumatu na edemede, novellistka.

akwụkwọ

Writer Alexander Zholkovsky, onye akwụkwọ taa nwere a anụ gburugburu nke admirers, ka e dere ihe karịrị 30 na nkà mmụta sayensị ọrụ na memoirs, nakwa dị ka ihe fọrọ nke nta ka isiokwu 400. Ndị kasị ewu ewu n'etiti ọha na eze na ya na-arụ ọrụ mepụtara nke genre unfabled prose. The kasị mara akwụkwọ bụ Zholkovsky "Stars na a obere ụjọ na-," "n'Efu na ndị ọzọ na vignettes nke izu okè", "Pasternak Poetics", "Mikhail Zoshchenko. Poetics nke mistrust. "