American sayensị akụkọ ifo bụ onye so dee Norton Andre: biography na ọrụ

Norton Andre bụ oké nwaanyị nke akụkọ ifo, na m dum odide ọrụ natara ọtụtụ enọ maka ọrụ ya. Ọ bụ a n'ezie nwayi uku. N'ihi ya pen wee ruo otu narị na iri atọ jupụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ, ma dee na ọ gara n'ihu fọrọ nke nta ruo ọnwụ ya (ọ nwụrụ ọ bụ miri emi agadi, 93 afọ).

biography dere

Norton Andre na-amalite ya na-ede ọrụ nwere a kpamkpam dị iche iche aha - Alice Mary Norton. Ọ mụrụ na 1912, na February 17 na US (Ohio, Cleveland Town). Nna-ya, aha ya bụ Adalbert Kpamkpam Norton, na o nwere otu ụlọ ọrụ na-emekwa ụfọdụ na-eduzikwa carpets. Ya aha nne ya bụ Bertha Stemm, ọ naghị arụ ọrụ ego, na na nne ya ekemende nyeere onye dere iji dozie njehie na ọrụ.

Little Alice bụghị naanị otu mkpụrụ nwa, ihe o nwere nwanna nwaanyị, bụ onye tọrọ iri na asa. Ikekwe nke a bụ n'ihi na a dị iche na afọ nke nwanyị na-adịghị nnọọ nso. Ọzọkwa, ọdịnihu onye so dee na-ekwurịta okwu na ndị ọgbọ ha, na-ahọrọ na-agụ akwụkwọ. Ọ ga-kwuru na n'ulo Norton na-akwụ ụgwọ pụrụ iche anya ka. Kwa izu ezinụlọ gara obodo Ọbá akwụkwọ, nakwa dị ka Alice nne kemgbe ha bụ nwata nwaanyị malitere ịgụ akwụkwọ na poems. Ugbua na-eme n'ọdịnihu mgbe n'ọdịnihu edemede gaa akwụkwọ, ndị nne na nna si kwụghachi ya ụgwọ akwụkwọ ọmụmụ ihe dị mma. All a nwere mmetụta na akara aka nke ndị na-eto Norton.

Na-amụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ Alice malitere ide ya mbụ akụkọ, nke e bipụtara na akwụkwọ mgbidi akwụkwọ akụkọ (ọ bụ akwụkwọ ọgụgụ nchịkọta akụkọ na ya). Ọ bụ n'oge a, na nke mbụ ya n'akwụkwọ e dere, bụ nke e bipụtara na 1938. Ya n'ihu ọmụmụ nọgidere na 1930 Case Western Reserve University. Na ya, ọ na-amụ ruo 1932. N'otu afọ, ọ gara na-arụ ọrụ dị ka a ọbá akwụkwọ na Nottingham n'ọbá akwụkwọ na Cleveland. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ebe fọrọ nke nta ka afọ iri abụọ.

Mgbe ahụ ọ bụ onye na-agụ maka Martin Greenberg afọ asatọ (ekwusara ụlọ "GNOME Press"). Mgbe ị na-okokụre na-arụ ọrụ na ya, Norton adịghị achọ a na-adịgide adịgide na-akpata, wee na-ede akwụkwọ, n'ụzọ zuru ezu etinye onwe ya nke a na-akpata. Na 1966, onye dere kwagara Winter Park na Florida dị ka ahụ ike ha. Ebe o bi ruo mgbe 1997, mgbe ahụ, kwaga Tennessee na Murfreesboro. Ọ bụ ebe a na o bi na ike nke n'ụbọchị ya. Writer nwụrụ n'afọ 2005, nke iri na anọ nke March. Ọ bụ iri itoolu na afọ atọ.

Inweta kere ihe Norton

Akwụkwọ mbụ, nke a tọhapụrụ Norton na 1934, ghọrọ a agha akwụkwọ, "Prince iwu." On ndụmọdụ nke ha nkwusa n'otu afọ, onye dere were pseudonym Andre. Ha kweere na otú adọta ndị ọzọ anya ka akwụkwọ, nke na-tọhapụrụ Norton (sịnụ, ụmụ nwanyị na-abụghị ụmụ ara na na oge). Andre Norton, onye akwụkwọ bụ otú ọtụtụ, na 1947, malitere ede akụkọ ifo akwụkwọ ọgụgụ. Nke mbụ n'ime ha bụ ngwaahịa nke "Ndị mmadụ nke ndagwurugwu ahụ." Kemgbe ahụ, ọ e dere ihe karịrị otu narị na iri atọ ọrụ.

Ọtụtụ enọ dere

Norton Andre maka ihe o kere eke natara ọtụtụ enọ. Anyị depụta ihe ndị kasị mkpa nke ha.

• Na 1964, onye dere ya na-nominated maka na Hugo Award maka kacha mma akwụkwọ (ọ nominated ọrụ "Witching World", dere a afọ tupu).
• Na 1965, Norton e ọdịda nke na-agbata n'ọsọ nke Association of American Scout.
• Na 1977 ọ ghọrọ eto eto, nke Hugo Award ( "Gandalf", "Grand nna ukwu nke fantasy").
• Na 1979, onye dere ghọrọ a Laureate nke "Balrog" award. The ikpe ọdịda ya ndụ rụzuru.
• Na 1983, Norton e nominated maka award "Balrog" maka ọkachamara rụzuru nke afọ iri ise nke ide.
• Na 1984 ọ ghọrọ Laureate dere Nebula Award, "Grandmaster".
• Na 1987, ọ ghọrọ eto eto, nke World Fantasy Award.
• Na 1997, Ụlọ Nzukọ nke Maara Aha Science Ụgha na fenetezi.
• Na 2002 ọ ghọrọ eto eto, nke South-Eastern ọkà mmụta sayensị chepụtara award maka ọrụ na genre.

Ke adianade do, American Association for sayensị akụkọ ifo dere Andre Norton okpono aha Grand Master. Ruo ugbu a, ọ na-anọgide naanị nwaanyị iji nweta ya.

okirikiri nke ọrụ "Witching ụwa"

Ọ na-kweere na a okirikiri - otu n'ime ndị kasị ama, nke e dere site na Andre Norton. Akwụkwọ na ya nwere ọtụtụ (ihe karịrị iri atọ iberibe). Ke adianade do, okirikiri onwe ya n'ihu ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ usoro. Ka anyị tụlee ha.

• "Estkarp" "(Nwa mmụọ ojoo ụwa", "Witching World," "atọ megide wizarding ụwa," "Web wizarding ụwa," "Wizard wizarding ụwa," "Three mma agha" na na. D.).
• "Tradition wizarding ụwa." Nke a collection-agụnye nchụàjà "Blood agụ nkwọ", "na-ese onyinyo silk", "toads Grimmerdeyla", "Aja Nwaanyị," "Ihe nketa nke na-quagmire Sorn," "mma-agha nke jụ ikwere", "Changeling."
• "Halleck High" ( "The Year nke Unicorn", "Crystal Griffin," "Akụkọ Ifo nke World Spellbound", "Mmadụ nke yiri agụ owuru", "Nkọcha Zarstora", "Griffin mmeri", na na. D.).
• Na-gụnyere ndị a na usoro nke "oké mgbanwe", nke gụnyere na "Nzuzo nke witching ụwa."

A usoro nke akwụkwọ, "Stargate"

Usoro isiokwu a na-ezo aka mgbanaka Ịlụso Fantasy na mejupụtara ndị na-esonụ akwụkwọ:

• "Ọrụ" Search Time ".
• "Crossroads nke oge ahụ."
• "Chọọ na crossroads oge."
• "Stargate" (akwụkwọ e dere na 1958).

A usoro nke akwụkwọ "rogue ahia"

Nke a na usoro nke akwụkwọ akụkọ, akụkọ banyere ahụmahụ nke free ahịa ndị na-eme njem na ụgbọ ya site na-emeghe oghere nke eluigwe. Onye ọ bụla akwụkwọ na-agwa akụkọ nke ha ahụmahụ na otú obibi iro ha ụzọ.

• "Bi n'ala ọzọ na kpakpando."
• "Flight ka Yiktar".
• "Ize Ndụ ịchụ nta."
• "Ụmụnna nke onyinyo."
• "Ọnwa atọ yiri mgbaaka."

List of ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ Norton

N'ezie, n'elu-e kwuru na usoro - bụghị ihe niile nke na-dere na m dum ọrụ dị ka onye edemede Andre Norton. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ. Ka anyị lee ụfọdụ n'ime ha. Na ngwaahịa "Star Hunter" bụ banyere otu nwa okoro nta onye okụrede n'oge ida nke ugboelu na ọhịa. Lee maka ya malitere na mgbe ozi ọma na ọ bụ ya bụ onye ga-anọchi a nnukwu uba. Ma, ọ bụ nnọọ mfe iji dochie ama toro nwa okoro na ndị ọzọ, nke bụ nketa. All na ahụmahụ ndị a na-agụ akụkọ na e nwere ike na-agụ na akwụkwọ "Star Hunter".

Na-esonụ bụ ihe ndị kasị akpali akwụkwọ iji (usoro na akwụkwọ bụ usoro).

• A usoro nke "Queen nke Sun". Ọ dị otú ahụ a ma ama ọrụ dị ka "Sargasso of Space" na ndị ọzọ.
• A usoro nke "oké mgbanwe" (ọ na-agụnye ndị na-esonụ ọrụ: "The n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri furu efu mmiri", "dọọrọ n'agha,", "Hope agụ nkwọ" na ndị ọzọ.).
• "Gaa n'aka n'anya opal."
• "Okpukpo Magic," "The Wind na nkume."
• "Iron onu."
• "E nwere otu abalị enweghị kpakpando."
• "Prince iwu."
• "Nwa nke stellar onye."
• "Akụ nke ihe omimi agbụrụ" na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

ọgwụgwụ

Dị ka anyị pụrụ ịhụ, Norton Andre biri a mara ọrụ n'aka ndụ na dere a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ọrụ, nke a na-gụpụta ọtụtụ Fans nke ochie nke genre. Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ ịgụ ya akwụkwọ, na-amalite na ihe ndị kasị ama, ha na-n'aka gị ga-amasị.