Arọ agha iga ugbo elu Il-76TD: oru nkọwa

IL-76 - a arọ agha iga ugbo elu, a nlereanya nke na-efe ihe karịrị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ na narị afọ. Dị iche iche mgbanwe e mere na ya na-adabere, ma na ndi nkiti na agha. Mutates na ụgbọ mmiri ya, na-agbakwunye ọhụrụ atụmatụ, gbasaa ẹdude n'anya. N'agbanyeghị kama oké njọ afọ, na ndabere nke a igwe ka na atumatu olu ọhụrụ version.

Td nlereanya bụ otu n'ime ndị dị otú ahụ mgbanwe. Ilyushin Design Bureau ọkọnọ ya na 1982, a afọ ole na ole mgbe egbe nke prototype mmepụta. Abụọ odide na aha-anọchi anya "ogologo nso iga." Nkọwa ndị ọzọ na ịmata ihe dị iche a version, anyị ga-n'okpuru.

History nke e kere eke

Ke ufọt ufọt 60-ies OKB Ilyushin natara iji zụlite a iga ugbo elu. The ọrụ e rụrụ ruo ọtụtụ afọ, na biri na uzo nke '70s. Na March 1971, mbụ prototype nke ugbo elu IL-76 na-weliri n'ime ikuku. N'otu afọ na ikuku show na France, o yiri ka ọha na eze.

Na 1973, ihe nlereanya na-abịa n'ime mmepụta. The mbụ igwe zukọrọ na ugbo elu osisi ha. Chkalov Tashkent. A afọ ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị, na 1976, natara ụgbọelu na ndị agha. Site na oge, Tashkent ghọrọ isi emeputa nke a nlereanya. Na ndị ahụ afọ, akasiaha agha na Afghanistan, na, dị ka unofficial data, 95% nke okporo ụzọ na iga pesonel ke N'ezie nke agha arụmọrụ a na-agafere bụ a pụtara ọhụrụ nke Soviet ugbo elu ụlọ ọrụ - IL-76.

Ka ụbọchị, ndị ọzọ na-adịbeghị anya mgbanwe nke a igwe ka na-etolite ndabere nke agha iga ụgbọelu nke Russia. Ọ bụ ezie na-akọ ugbo elu ibu park - na Afghanistan afọ o nwetara a ụzọ obere caliber egbe 23 mm dị na ọdụ ngalaba.

nkọwa

The iga ugbo elu IL-76 bụ nke mbụ na ugbo elu na Soviet Union, isi ike osisi nke bụ turbojets. The ọzọ nke ụgbọala na-aga na mbụ maka oké ụgbọelu ụkpụrụ kpochapụ nku na T-ọdụ na a otu keel. A akụkụ pụrụ iche nwere ike na-akpọ a zuru akara nke ma itieutom na ibu compartments. The ụgbọelu ibu ụzọ atọ, nke otu na abụọ na-azụ ke n'ihu. Ndokwa a na-enye ohere Nlụpụta kpọmkwem n'ime ọdịda stream 4 (n'azụ onu nke multiple slats), ma na omume a ka e etinyere. N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu, a ọdịda ejected naanị site n'ihu onu, mgbe sikwa n'azụ na-enyemaka nke parachutes emepụta arọ ígwè.

N'otu oge, ka ọ bụla ugbo elu nke ụdị, IL-76TD nwere a pụrụ iche akụrụngwa dị na abụọ tiers, anọ ndoli na, n'ezie, ọtụtụ ibu winches. n'azụ onu imewe ọkọlọtọ, atọ flaps, abụọ nke na-emeghere n'akụkụ, na center na-lowered, akpụ a ụdị arịgo ntinye ma ọ bụ egwu. E wezụga ya, ihe ibu jide ala table e nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ ikwado ije nke nnukwu containers.

The ụgbọelu nwere anọ dị ike Motors etinye na pylons n'okpuru nku. Hụrụ si n'ihu ma ọ bụ site n'elu n'ụzọ doro anya hụrụ na nku na-odude n'elu fuselage, na a ụdị ntule, nke ọnụ na n'ihu (nke dị n'okpuru) bụ a mara ihe dị iche n'etiti prototype, na ugbu a na ya mgbanwe, gụnyere IL-76TD obodo version. Ike gia usoro ndokwa na ise mgbe atụmatụ (4 n'okpuru nku, otu n'okpuru imi), enye gị ohere ka dabara bụghị naanị na ihe warara, ma na-na primer.

mgbanwe

Tupu etinyewe na mgbanwe, ọ ga-kwuru na ihe nlereanya kọwara anyị mbụ a mụrụ na ndụ n'ezie karịa na akwụkwọ. Ná mmalite, akwụkwọ ozi ndị a bụ a agha ụgbọelu na mesikwuru mmanụ ụgbọala tankị, nakwa dị ka ọhụrụ engines. Mgbe ahụ, mgbe oge ụfọdụ, mgbe ndị na-emepụta malitere ime a ndi nkiti na version, otu n'ime ọhụrụ nhọrọ bụ ochie aha.

• IL-76 - a agha iga ugbo elu. O jere ozi dị a prototype maka usoro nke ndị na-gwongworo.
• IL-76T - kwukwara ihe mmezi mmanụ ụgbọala tank na a mgbanwe. Version ghọrọ a pilot, ma ihe mụbara ọkọnọ nke mmanụ ụgbọala nwere ike budata dịkwuo ụgbọ elu nso.
• IL-76TD - nwetara turbofan engines D-30KP-1. Ihe ndị ọzọ bụ kpamkpam akuko gara aga development.
• IL-76TDP - nwekwara akuko mbụ development. Main ngwa - ọhịa ọkụ, nke ubé agbanwe ibu jide do mmiri orùrù usoro.
• A-50 - na obi nke a na mmepe bụ ka otu prototype na ihe ọzọ mmanụ ụgbọala tank. Ụgbọelu usoro arụnyere AEW (Airborne Early Warning na Control).
• Il-76M - jikọtara version kpọmkwem maka Air Force. The technical akụkụ akuko T version, ma nwere egbe ogwe aka, na ikike nke A-50.
• Yl 76MD - agha version karịa kpọmkwem AP. New engines na agha "ndochi". Nwere ike ibufe ajụ tankị ma ọ bụ ìgwè ndị agha nke ruo 200 ndị mmadụ.
• Il-76LL - a version e anakọtara na otu mbipụta ma a na-efe efe laabu maka mmepe na ule nke ọhụrụ engines. Ahịa ndị na mmepe ha OKB Ilyushin.
• IL-78 - ụgbọelu-tanka. Kacha nta igbochi ngwá agha ijupụta kacha nta ibu. Abụọ ọzọ mmanụ ụgbọala tankị.
• Adman1 - version nke A-50, kpọkọtara maka Air Force na Iraq. M nwere ọzọ Rada.
• Adman2 - igwe na-zigara Iraqi Air Force. Nke a ụgbọ elu e aku akara na nduzi nke alụso.

omenala development

E wezụga version of LL, nke e kere maka mmepe, tọhapụrụ a ole na ole na-abụghị ọkọlọtọ ọdịiche. Dị ka unofficial ọmụma, e nwere 1-2 na ha onwe ha mbipụta na digital akara aha na-abụghị natara. Dị ka a prototype niile jere ozi dị ka IL-76T - ụgbọelu na ụba mmanụ ụgbọala ikike. Otu n'ime ha bụ na-efe efe ụlọ ọgwụ, na ụgbọelu nke laser ngwá agha , na ọbụna ọnọdụ nke weightlessness simulator, e kpọmkwem maka astronauts.

ike

Na mmepe nke ọ bụla oge a ugbo elu, n'agbanyeghị ihe ụdị, ndị na-emepụta ga-gaa na akaụntụ ọtụtụ nke ma mpụga na esịtidem kwa, ma ọ bụghị na ụgbọ mmiri ga-enwe ike ibili n'ime ikuku. Mgbe mmepe na dechara na malitere na-ọnụ ọgụgụ mmepụta, ụgbọ elu, ndị ahịa ga-akwụ ntị ọzọ Njirimara, ma otu n'ime ha bụ a ọsọ na-emepụta, na-ebu.

Ọ - ikike. IL-76TD na ọtụtụ upgrades nwere ohere na-ebu otu na ọkara ugboro karịa ya prototype. Ke akpa ụgbọala a mara ọkwa na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke 28 ise. Na ọhụrụ tolite - 42, na na ọhụrụ nsụgharị - ruo 60 tọn.

na ndi oru ugbo

Dị ka ọtụtụ Soviet iga ugbo elu, ụgbọelu natara okirikiri glazed na ụta. The elu akụkụ, ebe isi-achịkwa, ma na ala - chaatị ụlọ. The ndi oru ugbo nke Il-76TD gụnyere 5 ndị mmadụ. Nke a mbụ pilot (makwaara dị ka FAC), a abụọ pilot, ụgbọ elu engineer na radio ọrụ. Na-na otu m bụ akụkụ nke ụgbọ mmiri. The mbụ ụgbọ elu na kpere agha nsụgharị nwere a-arụ ọrụ na abụọ ọzọ - na-agha akụ. Na chaatị ụlọ ụgbọelu agbụ dịtụ ọhụrụ ọdịdị nke ụta.

ịgbaju

Special aha kwesịrị mmanụ ọkụ usoro. Na a typical obodo airliner, n'agbanyeghị nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke engines, e nwere abụọ, mgbe ụfọdụ, atọ tank. Standard ntụziaka maka oru ọrụ 76TD IL-e kwuru tankị 12, kewara 4 ngalaba (site Motors). Na nke ọ bụla n'ime ha na e ka ha nkewa n'ime isi, sekọndrị na nkwado ndabere na mpaghara tankị. N'ihi ya, pilot nwere zuru ezu mgbanwe ịchịkwa mmanụ ụgbọala eruba na ike ngwa ngwa na-eme ka ọ bụla na-atụghị anya ọnọdụ. Total ike nke niile tankị gafere akara nke 100 puku lita mmanụ ụgbọala.

e ji mara

Anyị enyocha onye afọ nke IL-76TD. Nkọwa ga belata n'ozuzu ndepụta.

Ịtụle na ọtụtụ ụgbọ elu ama ofufe karịa a nkeji iri na ise na narị afọ, na-amalite, na Mmepụta ọrụ ndụ - 30 afọ. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na ndị ọhụrụ na nsụgharị ndị ka na-anya nzukọ akara, ma a dịghịzi Tashkent, nke ugbu a na-atụle ga ná mba ọzọ, na Ulyanovsk.

• Wingspan - 50 m.
• Nku Area - 300 sq. m.
• Ụgbọ elu ogologo - 46,5 m, na ibu ogige - 24.5.
• Elu (na keel) - 14.7 m; Truck tagzi - 3.4 m.
• Obosara - 3, 45 (ibu ogige).
• Olu - 321 cubic mita. m.

Rịba ama na fuselage ngalaba bụ a zuru okè gburugburu, ọ dịkwa mkpa ka na-ekwu na ụgbọelu bụ omume na-wụnye a abụọ ramp, mgbe ibu ogige ogologo ubé, ma mbelata.

Flight data:

• The kacha nta takeoff ibu - 88 tọn, na kacha - 210.
• Speed - 800 km / h, na kacha - 850.
• Flight nso - 4000 km, kacha - 6000.
• Uru n'uko - 12,000 m.
• Ọdịda ọsọ - 210 km / h.
• Na ogologo nke runway maka takeoff (mini) - 850 m, maka akuku - 450 m.
• Engines - 4 (HPT 30KP-D-2).
• Traction ike - 12 000 kg ọ bụla.
• Mmanụ niile tankị - 109,5 l.

A machibidoro flights

Mmalite nke ọhụrụ na narị afọ ndị ji a black mmanya na mmepe nke 76 ụdị. Na 2000, ICAO (International nzukọ Itieutom dum obodo ụgbọelu) ka tightened ndị a chọrọ maka oge a ugbo elu. N'ihi na a igwe na adịghị izute ọhụrụ ụkpụrụ, mechiri emechi ọdụ ụgbọelu na Europe, North America, Japan na ọbụna Australia. Isi ekwu IL-76 ígwè ụzụ na ikuku ndu.

The pụta bụ na modernization nke ngwá version, nke natara na mgbakwunye na nke isi index 90VD. a ọhụrụ na klas nke ugbo elu na-enweghị mmachi ofufe gburugburu ụwa, na-anapụta ngwongwo na ihe ndị kasị iche iche na nkuku nke mbara ala.

Ugbu a,

Ebe mbụ ụgbọ elu nke 76th jere ozi Air Force nke Union of afọ 15 ma nọgide na-ejere CIS mba. New nsụgharị nwere Russia, Ukraine, Belarus na mba ndị ọzọ. Ọtụtụ narị ụgbọala zukọrọ n'ihi na mbupụ. Na mgbakwunye na-agha, ọ bụ omume na-ole na ole aha owuwu na IL-76TD eji taa. Ọzọ, mberede ọrụ, nche agha, nakwa dị ka ụfọdụ nke ụgbọ elu aka na ibu okporo ụzọ naanị. E nwere ọbụna ihe unofficial nhazi ọkwa: AN-124 - na supersize, otu n'ime 747 si "Boeing" - fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ, na IL-76 - kasị multi-nzube.

ọgwụgwụ

IL-76TD - a ndi nkiti na ibu ụgbọelu, nke bụ ka a maara nke ọma dị ka ndị Antonov imewe, ma, o sina dị, ekele na-ekwe omume nke ọdịda ma na ala na na ihe warara bụ ọ na-erughị ebe nile. N'agbanyeghị ihe karịrị a venerable afọ, nke a nlereanya na-eje ozi na eleghị anya ka na-eje ozi dị ka a prototype maka a ọhụrụ, n'oge a, ma ghara ida mara ọdịdị nke nkịtị na ndị agha "ụgbọala".