AZLK ụgbọala osisi: ihe mere eme, na ngwaahịa na-akpali eziokwu

Cars "Moskvich"-anọgide na-agba ịnyịnya na okporo ụzọ nile bụbu Soviet Union, mgbe AZLK osisi dịwo eze kwụsịrị arụmọrụ. Moscow Automobile Plant aha mgbe Lenin Komsomol arụpụta ọtụtụ chọpụtara nke moto ugbo ala, nke na-kpara. The atụmanya maka anụ ụlọ obere-Ndahie ụgbọala nọ ekwe, ma dị mwute ikwu, ọnọdụ akụ na ụba abụghị na ihu ọma nke ụgbọ ala na ụlọ ọrụ.

The akụkọ malitere na "Ford"

History AZLK osisi malitere na echiche na nnukwu atụmatụ. The mkpebi wuoro ụgbọala ụlọ ọrụ e mere na 1925, ngwa ngwa hụ ebe maka ọdịnihu Rafa. The mbụ zubere ike nke osisi na-agụnye mmepụta nke 10 puku ụgbọ ala nkeji kwa ọnwa. Tupu ndị na-ewu nkwekọrịta e banyere na ụlọ ọrụ "Ford" na technical ndụmọdụ na onunu maka afọ anọ 74 puku ngwa iwu maka nzukọ na USSR. The ewu nke mbụ ụlọ nke osisi malitere n'oge okpomọkụ nke 1929 na oyi ewu na saịtị mara ọkwa ujo.

The isi n'ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-etinye n'ime ime ihe na November 1930. Mgbe ahụ ụgbọ ala factory bụ aha mbụ: "State nzukọ osisi aha ya bụ Kim." Omimi dịkọrọ ndụ afo "Kim" na-anọchi "Communist Youth International". Mmepụta okirikiri nke enterprise ẹkewetde nke ụgbọ ala mgbakọ, nzukọ akụkụ ahụ, sere, riveting okpokolo agba na oboyki. E wezụga isi ọrụ ruo mgbe 1933 mmezi nke moto ugbo ala (na-ajụ, oké) n'èzí akporo nke mmepụta. Na 1932, AZLK osisi mụtara na mmepụta nke engines n'ihi na ugbo ígwè (ewe ihe ubi).

Gorky alaka

Na 1932 nzukọ akụ ha. Kim ka gbanwee ntọhapụ nke ibu ebe GAZ-AA ugbo ala, akụkụ ahụ mapụtara ọnọ site na Gorky Automobile Plant. Ke ofụri ofụri, kwa afọ na mmepụta nke ibu-ewe 30% nke ngụkọta mmepụta. N'okpuru patronage nke gas osisi AZLK sonyeere dị ka ihe Mgbakwunye na 1933. Production ikike e n'ụzọ zuru ezu zigara mmepụta nke gwongworo GAZ-AA, engines maka-ewe ihe ubi. Ngwa maka ụlọ ahịa nzukọ akụ ha. CMM ọnọ site anụ ụlọ na-emepụta.

The uto nke ọha iji ịchọ ụba nzukọ-akara ikike 60 puku ụgbọala kwa afọ. Ọzọkwa na mmepụta atụmatụ bụ ntọhapụ nke a ọhụrụ technology: na kwalite nlereanya GAZ-AA, popularly maara dị ka "nnukwu ugboala" na mbụ njem ụgbọ ala M-1. Iji mezuo ebumnobi na oge site na 1935 nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ nwughari e rụrụ na 1937. mmepụta atụmatụ adi, na nzukọ njem ụgbọala na Moscow alaka nke GAZ jụrụ.

The mbụ subcompact Kim

Na 1939, AZLK osisi na-aghọ otu nọọrọ onwe ha na emeputa ụlọ ọrụ ebe a nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ nwughari nke ụlọ ọrụ maka nzube nke akakabarede mmepụta nke obere ụgbọala. Na mbụ ya e zubere iji na-emepụta 50 puku ụgbọala kwa afọ. imewe na pilot osisi e guzobere maka ọrụ nke enterprise.

Akpa njem minicar Kim-10-50 ekpe nzukọ akara ke April 1940. The mbụ ụgbọala wee akụkụ ke Ụbọchị Ndị Ọrụ ngosipụta. Na mgbakwunye na ntọhapụ nke ohuru ugbo ala na mmalite nke 1941 na osisi na awụnyebeghị ọzọ edoghi na mụtara na mmepụta nke transmissions gbapụrụ ọsọ maka oké ọgba tum tum technology.

afọ nke agha

Ebe ọ bụ na July 1941 mmepụta nke kpamkpam ghọrọ ka agha mmepụta. The mbụ iji bụ ntọhapụ Herọd shells maka kpara "Katyusha". German tupu kwupụta isi obodo na-amanye ndị Soviet ọchịchị gbapụ ọtụtụ ndị emeri na ụlọ ọrụ. AZLK osisi ke October 1941, a kpaliri obodo Sverdlovsk, ebe ọ na jikọọ na a tank factory. Na ndabere nke ịdị n'otu na oru tank technology, shells maka ugbo elu batrị.

The ikpeazụ mmakọ tank factory nọmba 37 na nzukọ osisi ha. Kim mere na 1942. The ọhụrụ ụlọ ọrụ aha ya bụ "Osisi № 50", iche iche bụ mmepụta nke gearboxes maka tankị. Ndị fọdụrụ ikpe na Moscow osisi e rụrụ mmezi nke tank engines na-abịa site na n'ihu. Mkpochapu nke osisi malitere na 1943 na kere ruo 1944.
Ka ọ dịgodị, òtù malitere napụta ụgbọala na ibinye-mgbazinye omume, na ha chọrọ ịrụzi. Na ndabere nke na-adịghị ejekwa ụlọ ọrụ nke Moscow, e kpebiri imeghe akpaaka akụkụ factory, ebe chọrọ ịmụta mmepụta nke 83 iche nke akụkụ ahụ mapụtara maka njem ụgbọala nke mba ọzọ - "Studebaker", "Dodge" na ndị ọzọ. Na ọrụ a ịga nke ọma n'ịnagide osisi ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke agha.

mmeri revival

Na May 1945, ozugbo agha, ndị ọchịchị Soviet revives echiche nke ntọhapụ nke obere ụgbọala n'okpuru ika aha "Moskvich". wuru "Moscow osisi nke obere ụgbọala," iji nweta ihe mgbaru ọsọ. First prototype njem ụgbọ ala na-aghọ "Opel Cadet C-38." The mbụ subcompact ụgbọala emepụta na German ngwá dị n'ime obodo na reparations agreement. Soviet uka mmepụta nke ụgbọala malitere na nlereanya "Moskvich-400" na 1947. Na 1959, ka ụgbọala a mere site ika M-444 dabere na "Fiat 600" prototype osisi ke imewe ụlọ ọrụ. N'okpuru aha nke "Zaporozhets" ọ malitere na-emepụta na Zaporozhye Automobile Plant.

Na 1962, AZLK osisi malitere na mmepụta nke njem ụdị ụgbọ ala nke M-407, na na 1964 na oru Oghere Usoro mmepụta nke ụgbọ ala M-408 Sedan ụdị. The sixties nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ nke MZMA jupụtara rụzuru, mmeri na ọhụrụ atụmatụ. N'afọ 1966, nzukọ akara ụgbọala osisi wee jubilii 100th "Moskvich" nlereanya M-408. Mgbe osisi AZLK maka ihe ịga nke ọma na-arụ ọrụ na ọhụrụ na n'oge mmejuputa atụmatụ e ọdịda nke Order nke Red Banner of Labor. N'otu oge, atụmatụ e kuchiri maka ọzọ nwughari nke mmepụta ike, aiming na mmụba nke mmepụta na-amụba mmepụta nke ụgbọala ruo abụọ na narị abụọ na puku ugbo ala kwa afọ.

Na 1967 ụlọ ọrụ ulo oru ọhụrụ nlereanya nke ụgbọ ala nlereanya M-412, na a obere ka e mesịrị n'otu afọ, si ụgbọ ala factory ụzọ ámá wee nde "Moskvich". Yana ụba mmepụta nke osisi injinia malitere arụ ọrụ ịkpọlite ndị larịị nke nchekwa nke ụgbọala, a nwalere maka ike (okuku ule). N'ihi na-amị mkpụrụ na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-arụ ọrụ e ọdịda na Red Banner.

Na 1968, dị ka akụkụ nke mgbasa nke mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ e wuru ọhụrụ mgbagwoju na mpaghara nke akwa ọrụ, na na October 25 nke otu afọ, ndị Moscow osisi nke obere ụgbọala wee ọhụrụ aha: AZLK Factory (Moscow).

ọduọ rally

N'ihi na oge mbụ na avtomarafone ụgbọala "Moskvich" abuana ke 1968. The agba ụgbọala 16,000 kilomita n'ụzọ na-eduga London - Sydney Car nlereanya M-412, ma merie anọ ebe ke otu standings. Fim bụ maka na anụ ụlọ ụgbọala ụlọ ọrụ ka toro n'ike n'ike, na-ewu ewu nke ụgbọala, nke na-emepụta site na osisi "Moskvich" AZLK enwetara akporo, ekere ke ụba mbupụ olu.

The ọzọ omume, nke mere na 1970, na ihe isi ike ndị ọzọ siri ike, na ngụkọta ogologo nke ụzọ London - Mexico dịrị 26 puku kilomita. Automobile ọkwọ ụgbọala otu were atọ nanị ebe ke otu standings: nke abụọ, nke atọ na nke anọ. The November mpi n'otu afọ me ka osisi a na-egbuke egbuke nke ọma: Onye Belgium butere on "Moskvich" M-412 were kasị elu nzọụkwụ nke ikpo okwu na rally "Tour de Belgique".

Russian racers AZLK otu merie ndị mbụ ebe na 1971 n'ihi na amaokwu nke track na rally "Tour de Europa" ma merie Gold Cup. Na 1973, ndị rally na ụwa-klas "Safari-73", ẹkenịmde ke West Africa, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ otu rụrụ atọ ụgbọ ala nlereanya M-412, ma na họọrọ mbụ. New mmeri nke na-emeri ọlaedo na ọlaọcha iko natara na October 1974 n'ihi na amaokwu nke track "Tour of Europe-74" ogologo nke 15 puku kilomita.

The isi ike nke zubere aku na uba

The seventies ndị a oge nke okooko osisi. Na August 1974, ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta abụọ nde ụgbọ ala. Exports nke ụgbọala rụrụ ihe karịrị iri asaa mba gburugburu ụwa, na-anọchite anya a akụkụ buru ibu nke ngụkọta oké anụ ụlọ ngwaahịa. Malite nke mbupụ deliveries malitere na 1948, na 1977 na nde oyiri e zitere nnọọ ná mba ọzọ.

Na n'otu oge ahụ ke imewe ngalaba AZLK e mepụtara prototypes nke a kpam kpam ọhụrụ nlereanya nke obere-Ndahie ụgbọala. Ma zubere igwe n'ihi na aku na uba na USSR ndị kwa cumbersome na mkpebi na usoro ọrụ e ochie ụdị nke akụrụngwa. Nke a ukwuu belata na ịsọ mpi, ígwè na-ebupụ dara 20,000 na afọ ka mmalite nke eighties. Domestic ina nwekwara dara.

Ihe malitere ịgbanwe ka mma naanị na ufọt ufọt 80s. iji mma e mere, na belatara na-azọrọ na tọhapụrụ ụdị ụgbọ ala M-2140. Na modernization nke osisi e rụrụ, na na 1986 malitere na mmepụta nke a ọhụrụ nlereanya nke sample M-2141.

Na 1987 godu AZLK ọnụ na AvtoVAZom butere mmepe nke ụlọ moto mmanụ ụgbọala na dizel nhazi na engine 1.8-1.9 lita. Ịgbacha teknuzu okè nke engine e butere na-arụ ọrụ ọnụ na British ụlọ ọrụ "Ricardo". Ma ọrụ ahụ e zuru ezu emejuputa n'ihi na ida nke USSR. All ego maka mgbazinye ego n'okpuru nkwekọrịta akara kpụrụ AZLK itule.

Mmechi nke enterprise

The mbụ ife nke nsogbu n'oge 90s hụrụ AZLK jupụtara atụmanya na rụzuru. Mepụta a plan maka mmejuputa iwu mgbanwe ka mmepụta ụdị nke "ndị bi na Moscow" M-2143, M-2141, M-2336. Ma ihe a dum bụ na a gaghị emezu n'ihi enweghị ego. Emepụta "bi na Moscow" isi nlereanya M-2141, na ọrụ ebube jisiri ẹkedori uka mmepụta nke ụgbọ ala bulie-nke M-2335. N'ihi na mbupụ na mba na Western Europe na nineties tọhapụrụ party igwe nlereanya M-2141-135.

Kemgbe mmalite nineties, ụgbọ ala mmepụta e adalata, mmepụta edoghi na-abaghị uru na 1996. 1997 yiri ume ndụ n'ime osisi natara nkwado nke Moscow ọchịchị, a usoro ihe omume nke njikarịcha na mmepe nke mmepụta, kpebiri iji kwadebe ụgbọala engines "Renault". Ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke 1997, a tọhapụrụ ndị ọzọ ígwè mgbanwe nke nlereanya M-2141 "Yuri Dolgoruky" na M-214 241 "Prince Vladimir" na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Ke akpa ọkara nke 1998, osisi kwụsịrị ịbụ na-abaghị uru.

Ma ndabere, nke mere na August 1998, ụgbọala na ụlọ ọrụ n'ime weere kpamkpam napụ arụ ọrụ ego. Na 2001, osisi tọhapụrụ naanị 0,81 puku. Cars, ọ n'ezie na ịkwụsị ọrụ. More AZLK factory anaghị ịmaliteghachi ọrụ. Ma ókèala, nke chọpụtara kpara ụlọ ọrụ, a ka na-ejikọta ya na aha nke enterprise AZLK :. Plant adreesị - Moscow, Volgograd -Atụmanya, 40. Eze, ụlọ ọrụ na-liquidated ke 2010.

lineup

N'ime dum oge nke akụkọ ihe mere eme, ụlọ ọrụ nwere ọtụtụ aha, nke na-eje ozi dị ka utu aha nke ụgbọ ala. The ọgụgụ oge nke inye na lineup nke ụgbọ ala osisi AZLK:

• 1930-1940 afọ, "Ford", usoro A (Sedan), ụgbọala "Ford" Series AA, Series ụgbọala GAZ AA na GAZ-A Sedan. Model Kim Kim -10-50 sedans na Kim - 10-52, 10-51 KIM- kọnvatịbụl.
• 1947-1956 afọ: M sedans -400-420, M-401-420, van M-400-422, kọnvatịbụl M-400-420A.
• 1956-1965 afọ: saloon M-420, M-407, M-403, M-wheel-mbanye Sedan-410 na M-410N. Touring: M-423, M-423N, M-424, M-wheel mbanye n'ụgbọala 411.
• 1964 -1988 afọ. Sedan: M-408, M-412, M-2138, M-2140, M-2140-117. Universal M-426, M-427, M-2136, M-2137. Buru-elu: M-2315. Van: M-433, M-434, M-2733, M-2734.
• 1986-2001 afọ. Hatchback: M-2141, M-2141-02 "Svjatogor" M-2141-R5 «Yuri Dolgorukiy". Sedan: M-2142, M-2142-02 "Svjatogor" M-2142-R5 «Prince Vladimir," M-2142-S «Ivan Kalyta". Van: M-2901, M 2901-02 "Svyatogor". Buru-elu: M-2335, M-2335-02 "Svyatogor". Coupe: M-2142-NKE «Duet".

taa

Kpụrụ factory AZLK ugbu a nke na-mepụtara. Ebe ọ bụ na 2017, obodo municipalities nwere ikike ịzụlite ulo oru zones na ya n'uche nke aka. Taa ke ọtụtụ ụlọ nke osisi aba yiri ihe ọ bụla na ụgbọ ala na ụlọ ọrụ ibu. Ugbu a ebe a na-anụ olu obere mmepụta maka imewe nke LEDs, ibe, na-ewu ihe. On ebe nke enterprise, n'ime Third Ring Road, ndị nwe-eme atụmatụ iwu ụlọ ọrụ, azụmahịa na residential ụlọ.

Ma ókèala AZLK osisi nwere ike ka na-na-anụ mkpọtụ nke ụgbọala nzukọ osisi. Ihu ọma ịzụ ahịa ezukọta ụgbọala n'okpuru "Renault" ika. Na 2015, osisi "Renault Russia" na Russian Patent Office natara na ngwa ka akụkọ ihe mere eme emblem nke osisi AZLK ikekwe mgbalị ịtụte kpara ụdị ụgbọ ala na oge a na isi-ya. Onye nwe edenyere "Moskvich" n'oge ruo 2021 bụ a nchegbu "Volkswagen".

Ọ bụ ma nwughari nke dum n'ókèala nke osisi, na, ma ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ ịhụ ndị bụbu nnukwu azụ na oge ma ọ bụ na-ewu ọhụrụ atụmatụ gaa ebe a mụrụ anụ ụlọ subcompact - AZLK Factory (Moscow). Address ya dị mfe: na Volgograd prospectus, ụlọ 40-42.