Arọ ugbo agha "Prints Oygen": isi e ji mara. Prinz Eugen (1938)

Arọ ugbo agha "Prints Oygen" bụ nganga nke nsoro nke Nazi Germany. Ọ bụ a ngwá agha dị ike na oge nke oké osimiri, na ihe niile na oge a chọrọ na nwere otu nke kasị mma arụmọrụ n'etiti warships nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Otú ọ dị, akara aka nke a ụgbọ mmiri ahụ dị nnọọ mwute. Ka anyị chọpụta ihe bụ ihe ndị dị arọ ugbo agha "Prints Oygen", isi e ji mara na akụkọ ihe mere eme ruo ọnwụ.

History nke e kere eke

German ugbo agha Prinz Eugen e kere na nkera nke abụọ nke 30-ies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ. Iji ike ya banyere German ano Krupp Germaniawerft Henry na November 1935. Nke a ụlọ ọrụ e guzobere entrepreneur Lloyd Ezi na 1867 na Gaarden, nso Kiel, na afọ atọ tupu ntoputa nke a n'otu German Empire n'okpuru ọchịchị nke Prussia. Ná mmalite nke ụlọ ọrụ na-akpọ "North-German na-ewu ụlọ ọrụ." Na 1896 ọ nọ na-enwetara site na otu n'ime ndị kasị baa ọgaranya ọchụ ntá ego na Germany - Krupps ezinụlọ. Ano emepụta ọ bụghị nanị na agha ma ndi nkiti na ụgbọ mmiri. Mgbe uzo nke narị afọ ahụ, ọ bịara na nke abụọ ebe ọkọnọ nke arịa maka German Imperial Navy. N'oge Ụwa Mbụ ọnọ ndị agha na submarines.

"Mbipụta Oygen" e kwesịrị ịbụ nke atọ ship nke German program, n'okpuru nke na-emepụta arọ mgbere nke "Admiral Hipper". Usoro isiokwu a nwere ihe abụọ ụgbọ mmiri a tọhapụrụ - "Admiral Hipper" 1937 ewu, mgbe onye dum akara ụgbọ mmiri na aha ya bụ, dị ka nke ọma dị ka "Blucher" nke otu nlereanya afọ. Ke adianade do, ha bụ ndị a ga-ewu abụọ ọzọ mgbere - "Lützow" na "Seidlitz." Ma ha ma njikere maka ọgwụgwụ nke agha. Mgbe iwu "Prints Oygen" natara akara "J".

Construction malitere na April 1936 na were ihe fọrọ nke nta abụọ na ọkara afọ. Ọ na-efu ndị German àkù na ego nke 109 nde Reichsmarks. N'ihi na ha tụnyere, uru nke "County" British ship yiri ụdị bụ 2,5 ugboro nta. Na njedebe, na arọ ugbo agha "Prints Oygen" na oru na August 1938, ma na finalization nke niile esịtidem mmiri na akụrụngwa dị mkpa maka ọzọ ruo afọ abụọ. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ugbo agha akpatre malitekwara na German Navy ruo August 1940.

aha ugbo agha

Aha ya German arọ ugbo agha "Prints Oygen" bụ na nsọpụrụ nke ukwuu ọchịagha nke Austrian steeti Habsburg mba ọzọ na Asaa-XVIII narị afọ, Prince Evgeniya Savoyskogo. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ otu n'ime Italy na-achị achị na feudal Duke mụrụ na a mụrụ na Paris, ma ọtụtụ n'ime ya gbara ọkpụrụkpụ, akpan akpan ihe ịga nke ọma na-eme na-alụ Agha nke Spanish inwe na Turkish ụlọ ọrụ, e mined ke ọrụ nke Austrian okpueze. N'etiti ukwu ya mmeri dị ka onyeisi na-esonụ agha: agha Szente (1697), a ngosipụta nke nnọchibido nke Turin (1706), Agha nke Malplaquet (1709), na-akpọkwa ndị Belgrade (1717).

Dị nnọọ na 1938, e nwere Anschluss (annexation) nke Austria site Germany. Ọ e gosiri na onye fasizim nduhie nke ịdịghachi mba. Iji gosi ịdị n'otu nke Germany na Austria, e kpebiri aha ọhụrụ ụgbọ mmiri na nsọpụrụ nke eminent Austrian ọchịagha. Otuto Evgeniya Savoyskogo gaje ịbụ ihe mgbaàmà, nabatakwa mmeri ugbo agha. Ya mere, ndị ship Prinz Eugen site na 1938 nweta aha.

technical e ji mara

Gịnị bụ a arọ ugbo agha "Prints Oygen" na teknuzu okwu?

Ogologo ya dị 199,5 m na ọkọlọtọ akụrụngwa, na 207,7 m na zuru. Ndahie arịa bụ 14 506 m na ọkọlọtọ tooling, na 19.042 m - zuru. The obosara nke ụgbọ mmiri -. 21,7 m kacha ugbo agha ọsọ ruru 32 mara akpụ, nke ra ka 59,3 km / h. The ngụkọta ikike nke atọ uzuoku turbines na boilers iri na abụọ ụgbọ mmiri - 132.000 horsepower, ma ọ bụ 97 MW. Draft Prinz Eugen arịa dị malite si 5.9 na 7.2 m. The ọsọ nke 16 mara akpụ ugbo agha pụrụ ime ka a na-abụghị nkwụsị igwu na a anya nke 6.8 puku. Miles. The arụ ọrụ dechara si otu na 1400-1600 ndị mmadụ, nke bụ nnọọ ihe a otutu maka nke a na klas nke arịa.

agha ọkpụrụkpụ na elu na-eru 160 mm. N'otu oge ahụ ọ bụ thinnest na oche - 30 mm, na na mbadamba - 40 mm. agha ọkpụrụkpụ na traverses na Barbet hà 80 mm.

"Mbipụta Oygen" e onwem na kasị oge a na oge nke kọmputa akụrụngwa, àgwà nke nwere ike na-anya isi, ọ bụghị ihe niile warships na ụwa. Karịsịa ọ maara nchọpụta pụtara enwe ike ịchọta onye iro na oké osimiri, na mbara igwe, na n'okpuru mmiri. On osisi ship ọbụna analọg kọmputa. Otú ọ dị, ụba nke ngwá electronic na mgbe ụfọdụ na-egwuri a ọjọọ egwuregwu na ugbo agha, dị ka nkà na ụzụ ọhụrụ nwere ka a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke-adịghị emezi emezi, ụfọdụ ha n'ụzọ doro anya "raw." Ma n'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, na usoro ejuputa ship nweghị na Europe.

agha

Ọgụ ike bụghị a ike mgbe nke ụgbọ mmiri Prinz Eugen. Ma n'otu oge, a erughi e ụgwọ atụrụ site ekwe omume nke hụrụ a ọkụ akara ka tụnyere ndị ọzọ arịa na nnweta nke oge a nchọpụta nke onye iro.

Mgwo agha nke ụgbọ mmiri ahụ gụnyere asatọ ogbunigwe shells caliber 203 mm, iri na abua eluigwe na ala-emegide ugbo elu ogbunigwe egbe caliber 105 mm, isii akpaka egbe caliber 37 mm, iri - 20 mm. Ke adianade do, ugbo agha anọ torpedo akpa caliber 533 mm mgbọ na 12 torpedoes. Air Group ẹkewetde nke a pneumatic obubata na anọ nyoputa onyeiro seaplanes.

N'agha nke mbụ

Baptism ọkụ ụgbọ mmiri "Prints Oygen" bụ n'oge oké osimiri agha, nke a bịara mara dị ka ndị agha na Denmark Strait.

The ụgbọ mmiri mbụ ụgbọ mmiri na oké osimiri na May 1941. Ọ na-esonyere abụọ nāpunara, nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ proryvateley mgbochi. N'oge na-adịghị, "Prints Oygen" sonyeere ọzọ ma ama ship of World War II - na agha "Bismarck". Njem ha n'otù di site na Denmark Strait.

The ije nke German ụlọikpe egbochi British ụgbọ mmiri. Ka 24, 1941, e nwere a agha n'etiti ha. ọtụtụ British mmiri e bibiri n'agha, agha "Bismarck" mebiri emebi, bee site na mkpagide ike Prinz Eugen. The ụgbọ mmiri gaa North Oké Osimiri. Otú ọ dị, a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ihe ndị mere iji mee ka ego kpọọ nke onye iro ahịa ụgbọ mmiri na ọ na-emeghị. Na June 1941, mgbe a izu abụọ njem, na ugbo agha rutere n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke Brest, na-achịkwa Wehrmacht agha.

Laghachi Germany

Ma na Brest "Prints Oygen" na ndị ọzọ German mmiri mgbe nile doro ihe ize ndụ nke mbibi ruru oge ikuku ịwakpo nke British. Na February 1942, e kpebiri ịlaghachi ugbo agha na battleships "Gneisenau" na "Sharnhost" na German ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri. Ihe omume a bụ ka ha wabakwuru ala nna ya n'ikperé mmiri a na-akpọ "Operation Cerberus."

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na n'oge nlọghachi home e wakpoo ugboro ugboro ugbo agha ugbo elu na onye iro ụgbọ mmiri, ọ ka jisiri atọ ezughị ezu ụbọchị iru ọnu na Elbe River. The ime ihe nwere ike na-atụle ihe ịga nke ọma dechara. Ọ bụ ihe na-enwetụbeghị ụdị na obi ike nọ ezumike site English Channel, nri n'okpuru noses nke British Air Force na Navy. The itunanya n'egosi omume mmeri nke ndị Germany na ike ha spirit. Ọ bụ ezie na usoro itunanya ke adịkwa ka Germany na oké osimiri ọnọdụ mgbe mere.

Na Baltic Oké Osimiri mmiri

The ọzọ ogbo nke "Prince Eugen" omume ndị e jikọtara ha na ịbụ na mmiri nke Baltic Sea, ebe ọ na-adịghị anya ẹsịn.

Ị gaghị na-akpọ oge a na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ahụ dị ebube mgbere. N'ezie, n'oge a ọ na-eje ozi dị ka nnukwu gunboats nke Baltic, ọ bụ ezie na, n'ezie, ọ bụghị ya mbụ ebe. Tumadi na "Prints Oygen" emepụta shelling n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-arụ site onye iro. Ọbụna ọkụ ya beach na isi. Ka ihe atụ, ihe mere mgbe Red Army bịakwutere Gotenhafenu. Mgbe ahụ ọgụ ahụhụ site ọbụna obi nke Danzig (taa Gdańsk na Poland). N'otu oge nke ya adị, na ugbo agha wee wakpo ndị n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Norway.

Ọ mere na ya, na-absurdities. N'ihi ya, "Prints Oygen" rammed nnọọ ekpe nke docks German ugbo agha "Leipzig".

Na April 1945, "Prints Oygen" e zigara isi obodo nke Denmark - Copenhagen. N'ebe ahụ, ọ nọrọ ruo mgbe aka n'ime German chịlie aka elu.

Results nke agha

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ndị ọchịchị Germany nwere olileanya maka ugbo agha "Prints Oygen", ziri ezi ha ship e fated. The ụgbọ mmiri e zubere maka agha na Atlantic Ocean na US na UK nsoro, ma ọtụtụ n'ime n'oge ọ dị ka a gunboat na Baltic Oké Osimiri. Tumadi nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na Germany na-jikwaa ịmanye oké njọ agha jikọrọ aka nke oké osimiri. Kriegsmarine (Navy nke atọ Reich) bụ n'ụzọ doro anya ala karịa ike nke British agha mmiri, ike na-esetịpụ n'ọkwá na European oké osimiri nile.

Ọzọkwa, na njedebe nke agha ya tụgharịa si na "Prints Oygen" ike imi ọ bụla onye nke onye iro ụgbọ mmiri. Ọ bụ ezie na o merụrụ ahụ otu n'ime ndị na-ebukọrọ, na UK na kụrụ aka banyere a iri na abuo iro ụgbọ elu. Ma, ọ ga-adị mma na-ekwu na onye iro bụ ike akwụ ụgwọ ya dịkarịa ala, ụfọdụ ịrịba mebiri. Ma site na njedebe nke agha mgbọ ugbo agha biri. Ka ihe atụ, n'ihi na 8-anụ ọhịa shells nke caliber egbe Germany kwụsịrị-emepụta ihe na 1942. 203 mm caliber projectiles, nke ihe ndị bụ isi na osisi mgbere e nwere ihe na-erughị iri anọ.

Anyị nwere ike ikwu na ihe nke "Prince Eugen" na Baltic Oké Osimiri, ebe ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ n'ime ya akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi jisie ike bufee, ndị dị ka agbapụ nza na a egbe ala. Arọ ugbo agha nke a size na oru ngwá bụ oke ọnụ a oru ngo na-eje ozi dị ka "onye kasị ukwuu gunboats nke Baltic Oké Osimiri." Ma nke kasị feat nke ụgbọ ahụ ma na-abịa, mgbe agha okokụre. On ya ga-atụle n'ụzọ zuru ezu n'okpuru.

Dị ka akụkụ nke US Navy

Mgbe ọ chịlie aka elu nke Germany na May 1945, "Prints Oygen" e nyefeela na United States dị ka Potsdam nkwekọrịta. Na January 1946, e zigara ya Bremen na sonyeere US Navy. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ọ natara ọnọdụ nke ndị na-abụghị ọgụ arịa, ma naanị ule nke ụgbọ mmiri. The iwu nke ugbo agha e bufere Captain 1st efehek A. Graubartu na, n'agbanyeghị na American ụmụ amaala, bụ agbụrụ German.

N'oge na-adịghị ugbo agha mere a transatlantic esịp, n'oge nke a kpọfere ya si Bremen na American obodo nke Boston. Na n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke mmezi "Prints Oygen" E ji nlezianya nyochaa. Nakwa na ya ọ na-ibutu na osimiri niile ngwá, gụnyere ngwá agha. Dị ka ihe ọrụ, e kpebiri iziga ụgbọ mmiri na bikini Atoll ka a iche maka anwale ngwá agha nuklia.

Na March, na ugbo agha ụgbọ mmiri si Boston maka nyefe nke mmiri na Pacific Ocean, nke bịara site na Panama Canal. Mgbe ahụ na Pacific mmiri kwụsịrị n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị na San Diego, California. Mgbe ahụ, "Prints Oygen" gawara Hawaii. Ke akpa ọkara nke May, o ruru American isi na agwaetiti - Pearl Harbor. Na June 1946, ọ bịarutere bikini Atoll - na njedebe ikpeazụ.

nuclear ule

The ọnwụ ship "Prints Oygen" bụ n'ihi nke ule site United States ngwá agha nuklia na bikini Atoll. Explosions e mere July 1, 1946. Na mgbakwunye na ugbo agha "Prints Oygen" Ọ e gara site ọzọ warships nke ụwa, akpan akpan lụtara na-anọghịzi n'ọrụ US ụgbọ mmiri.

The mbụ nuclear igbu ikuku na ugbo agha. Horizon illumined na-egbuke egbuke ntigbaa, fùa a na-emenye ụjọ rumble ike. Ebe oria a kachaa nke mgbawa nke a bọmbụ nuklia na-ama esịn na 8-10 Gịnị si ụgbọ mmiri. Onye ọ bụla chere na ụgbọ mmiri-afụ ka shreds. Ma, n'agbanyeghị na-atụ anya nke ugbo agha imezi bụ ntakịrị. N'eziokwu, ha na ẹkewetde naanị kpamkpam adọwa si n'akụkụ nke agba.

Ịgbaso ihe mgbawa nke a nuclear warhead e mere n'okpuru mmiri. Nke a oge imezi bụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị ịrịba ama. akpụkpọ Ibé akwụkwọ na-enwe n'ime ugbo agha na ọ nọ na-eri eri, ma ọ miri dị ma nye Bank. Nke a na-eguzogide nke German ship ẹkeyịbide site America. Ha zubere ya ebibie n'oge bombings nke n'elu. Ma "Prints Oygen" e towed na Atoll Kuazlen anya n'ọdịnihu ule.

Ma, n'ụzọ dị mwute, ahu ihe e kwa radioactively mmeru. Ya mere ugbo agha kpebiri o ibibi na. Otú ọ dị, ọbụna mgbe nke atọ gbawara ụgbọ mmiri nọgidere ese n'elu mmiri. Ya idei mmiri mere nwayọọ nwayọọ, mgbe otu ogige idei mmiri mgbe ndị ọzọ. N'ikpeazụ, na ụbọchị 20 nke December 1946 nfuli na-enweghị ike ịnagide abata mmiri. The ụgbọ mmiri nyere a leghara, windo ndị n'okpuru oké osimiri. The US agha ma nwara ịzọpụta ụgbọ mmiri, ma, ọ bụ akaha, ugbo agha mikpuru nso Atoll Kuazlen, na-ahapụ n'elu a keel. Na ebe nke ozu ya bụ na ala nke oké osimiri, rue ta.

N'ezie ijuanya ship eguzogide. Ma e nwere ụfọdụ ajụjụ. Gịnị ma ọ bụrụ na ugbo agha abụghị nnọọ a iche maka bọmbụ nuklia, ma ọ ga-abụ a otu nke na-alụ ọgụ maka ndụ nke ụgbọ mmiri, patching oghere, aka imipu mmiri nfuli? Ọ bụ omume na nke a ọbụna atọ ntiwapụ gaghị ezu imi na "Prints Oygen".

Ma-na dị ka ọ nwere ike, ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, nke e wuru ndị Germany na jijiji America na ndị òtù ha, ghọọ onye unwitting so na ule nke ike na ngwá agha n'ụwa, na-eje ozi dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke US agha ike. Otú ọ dị, ndị America ugbu a na ndị ọzọ isi contender. Mgbe ida nke Alaeze Ukwu nke Atọ, ọ bụ Soviet Union.

General e ji mara nke ụgbọ mmiri

The ugbo agha "Prints Oygen" bụ n'ụzọ ya a pụrụ iche ụgbọ mmiri. Dị ka ihe niile arọ mgbere "Admiral Hipper", ihe karịrị 10 tọn Ndahie nke arịa, n'agbanyeghị na nke a bụ a ókè welara maka mmiri nke a na klas dị ka Washington dabeere mgbochi. Ma Germany onwe ya emewo ka ya onwe ya akporo nke ime. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na na-abawanye na tonnage nke ụgbọ mmiri kụrụ ya rapidity na kraiptographi.

Ọ bụ ezie na nzube mbụ nke ewu nke "ụkpụrụ nke Eugen" bụ ike nke na-German nsoro na agha nke Atlantic, n'eziokwu, ọ na cruised ukwuu n'ime mmiri nke Oké Osimiri Baltic ma ọ bụ n'ozuzu tọrọ elu. The ụgbọ mmiri abuana ke naanị otu ihe ma ọ bụ na-erughị oké ibu agha, na mmalite nke ndị agha ya mere eme - Agha nke Denmark Strait. Na nke a, maka dum oge nke ya adị, na ugbo agha okpu ibibi ihe ọ bụla onye iro ụgbọ mmiri.

Otú ọ dị, na onye iro nwere ike n'ụzọ ọ bụla mee ka oké njọ mmebi nke ụgbọ mmiri "Prints Oygen", ọ bụ ezie na ọgụ e rụrụ, na site na oké osimiri na si na mbara igwe na site n'ala. Ọ ghọrọ onye na German ugbo agha, nke e chekwara dum site na njedebe nke agha. Ọbụna ngwá agha nuklia bụ nanị nke atọ oge nwere ike imeri a titanium a siri nnọọ ike na ọ e mere. Na, na, na ọnụnọ nke ndi oru ugbo na osisi, o kwere omume na ugboro atọ na gaghị ezu.

Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara na akatọwo imewe nke ugbo agha, na-akpọ ya ntugheriukwu. The ụta e tinyere shipbuilders na ha n'ụzọ zuru ezu armored ụgbọala, n'adịghị ka ọtụtụ mmiri nke oge, anyị gbaa akwụkwọ naanị ndị kasị enwe mmetụta ọsọ ọsọ ma dị mkpa ịnọgide na-enwe ahụ ike ebe. "Mbipụta Oygen" e sere armored. N'ọtụtụ ebe nke agha bụ oke mkpa ka ịbụ ezi ihe nchebe ma n'otu oge, ọ bụ ihe ọzọ ibu arọ ụgbọala na-ebelata ya ọsọ. Ọbụna akwụkwọ dị mkpa karịsịa akụkụ ahụ thinner karịa yiri ihe nile nke onye-iro. Ma, dị ka ọ tụgharịa si, niile otu akwụkwọ nke German ugbo agha bụ iji nagide multiple bombardment si na mbara igwe na oké osimiri, na ọbụna aka ngwá agha nuklia. Ya mere, na eziokwu-agbaji niile n'ọnụ ntule na-akatọ na nines.

Ọtụtụ na ntụziaka na were creators nke "Prince Eugen", eziokwu n'oge anyị. Ka ihe atụ, mgbanwe, multi-tasking, nwaa mkpa karịa ike volley mkpa ngwá electronic na-achịkwa, ihe ọrụ pụrụ iche nke ndị iro nchọpụta.

Edi ke ofụri ofụri, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru na ugbo agha "Prints Oygen" ka okpu iji mezuo ọ bụla otu n'ime ndị isi ihe aga-eme debere n'ihu ha na a zuru ụwa ọnụ ọnụ ọgụgụ, a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ebumnobi na nke onye na ọnọdụ. Na-ata ụta na ọ bụ dị ka nkịtị ọdịda nke ndị Germany na Atlantic Ocean, na revaluation nke kpọmkwem atụmatụ nke ugbo agha. O nwere ike ghara ịghọ a bụrụkwa ike na Atlantic ma ọ bụ ọbụna nwere ike ime ka ụfọdụ ịrịba mmebi nke onye iro nsoro.

Otu nwere ike na o siri ike ikwu na ụgbọ mmiri na-akwụ ụgwọ maka ya na-eri 109 nde Reichsmarks. Ma, o ka na-esi na-aga ala n'akụkọ ihe mere eme ekele ya pụrụ iche na-enweghị atụ kwụsie ike n'oge nuclear ule nke American agha, nke anya ọbụna ahụmahụ a ọtụtụ ndị agha na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị.