Aster ezinụlọ (Asteraceae): àgwà, photos, na-anọchite anya

Ajụjụ ga-abụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ibu ezinụlọ n'etiti dicotyledons - Asteraceae (Asteraceae). Enweghị na-ahụkarị, anyị na-eche na ndị nnọchianya ya fọrọ nke nta ka ụbọchị ọ bụla - n'ụlọ, na kichin, na n'okporo ámá. Okooko osisi aster ezinụlọ bụ ikekwe kasị nkịtị anyị ifuru akwa na ubi, na ọ bụ a akụkụ kichin enweghị sunflower mmanụ.

Aster ezinụlọ: general e ji mara

The ezinụlọ na-agụnye a nnọọ ukwuu nke ịmụ nwa, ike na-enye ihe kpọmkwem ọnụ ọgụgụ, na ọ bụ na nso site na 1100 ka 1300, ihe karịrị 20,000 umu Kasị nke osisi ifuru site ụmụ ahụhụ. The ebe nke nkesa bụ dum ezuru, ndị nnọchiteanya nke ezinụlọ a na-hụrụ na niile onodu ubochi zones: si na-ekpo ọkụ ma na iru mmiri n'ebe okpomọkụ na oyi na-atụ tundra, elu na ugwu na na n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke oké osimiri. Ha na-eto na tụụrụ nwa ala na desert omume. A ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke umu nyere Astrov sara mbara aku ngwa a ndụ mmadụ.

A akụkụ pụrụ iche nke niile osisi, nke na-agụnye ndị ezinụlọ Asteraceae - a mgbagwoju inflorescence - a nkata na mejupụtara ọtụtụ obere na inconspicuous okooko osisi, ma ọnụ ha na-eme ruo a nnọọ nnukwu picture.

Ọdịdị nke ifuru

Aha nke inflorescence dị ka ọ na-ekwu maka onwe ya: a nkata ahụ, e nwere otu onye na-ike, nke a na ma apịaji. Ikike - na-akp na njedebe nke peduncle, ọ pụrụ ịbụ ewepụghị, convex ma ọ bụ concave. Dị n'elu ya, na e nwere ọtụtụ obere okooko. Na gburugburu niile gbara ya gburugburu otu ma ọ bụ karịa ahịrị bracts. All na okooko osisi nke ezinụlọ na-ekewa n'ime ise ụdị:

• Tubular, mgbe mgbe, androgynous na ọtụtụ obere nwoke nwere mmasị nwoke. Ọ nwere udi nke a tube nke gbatịrị na njedebe ma ọ bụ nwere a N'ịdị.
• Lozhnoyazychkovye okooko osisi - ha na-kpụrụ jointing atọ petals na nwere otu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ezé-ewekarị n'elu ọnu.
• Reed - corolla udi nwere a mkpumkpu tube nke arapu pitch, gwakọtara ọnụ. Dị ka a na-achị, ha nwere ise stamens na otu pistil.
• Funnelform - okooko osisi asymmetrical udi, genderless, dị ka ogologo corolla tube na-ike enwekwukwa na njedebe (foneelu).
• Two-lipped okooko osisi - corolla tube ogologo oge, ọ na-kpudo site abụọ na taabụ (egbugbere ọnụ). Nwere ike ịbụ otu ihe ahụ-ma ọ bụ bisexual.

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụ, otu sunflower, anyị niile na-agba nkịtị na-aghọta na ọ dị ka a iche iche lush na ndị mara mma ifuru. Ma, nke a bụ nnọọ njọ si ele ihe anya nke botani. Ebe ọ bụ na eziokwu na ọ bụ ihe inflorescence, nke nwere ihe karịrị 1,000 onye obere okooko osisi (tubular), na obosara petals na-egbuke egbuke oroma ma ọ bụ edo edo - a amì okooko osisi. Ihe ijuanya na mgbagwoju na siri nzukọ, ọdịdị nke echiche kasị nta nju.

Representatives nke ezinụlọ nwere ndị na-esonụ usoro ifuru:

* Ca _{(0, gwakọtara)} Co ₍₅₎ A ₍₅₎ G _(2).

Ọ na-ahụkarị maka ezinụlọ dum Asteraceae. Formula ifuru kọwara dị ka ndị a: bisexual okooko osisi nwere ọtụtụ ụgbọ elu nke symmetry, calyx, corolla ise petals, stamens 5, abụọ pistil, ovary ha.

Ọdịdị nke ahụ akwukwo na mgbọrọgwụ

Ọdịdị nke ahụ akwukwo nwere ike sị na n'ozuzu okwu, dị ka ọ bụ nnọọ ihe a nnukwu ìgwè osisi nyere site dị iche iche ndụ iche-iche. Sunflower osisi, burdock, uke, asters na zinnias, Jerusalem artichokes, osisi udi, yarrow, gerberas na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ - niile aster ezinụlọ. A general e ji mara ya bụ na ndokwa nke epupụta, na-emekarị mgbe, ma nwere ike n'out oge si n'akụkụ dị. The akụkụ na udi iche iche n'elu a sara mbara nke ukwuu nso si a ole na ole millimeters ruo 2-3 mita. Venation nnọchiteanya nke ezinụlọ na-akasị pinnate. The epupụta nwere ike pubescent, ogo ogo dịgasị, ọtụtụ osisi nwere ogwu.

The mgbọrọgwụ na-ọma mepụtara na ọtụtụ n'ime osisi nwere a dị oké mkpa Ọdịdị (na-mepụtara taproot na ọtụtụ paranasal). Ka ihe atụ, ọ bụ zuru ezu icheta typical nnọchiteanya nke ezinụlọ - Dandelion, na ya na ya na mgbọrọgwụ usoro maara ọtụtụ. Na mgbanwe nwere ike thickened na reminiscent tuber, n'ihi na ihe atụ na burdock.

Gịnị mkpụrụ osisi ndị osisi aster ezinụlọ?

Asteraceae (Asteraceae) bụ mkpụrụ achenes. Ọ bụ akọrọ, mkpụrụ nwere otu. Pericarp na leathery mgbe mfri eke na-adịghị agbaji. Ebe nile-akụziri na achene dị iche iche gụwo ntutu, projections nke mbụ nko, nke n'aka nke na-eme ka mgbasa nke osisi ke ifufe (Dandelion, wormwood), na ụmụ anụmanụ na ma ọ bụ ndị uwe (series, burdock).

Asteraceae Life ụdị

Life forms na-anọchi anya ihe fọrọ nke nta na zuru, na nke a bụ n'ụzọ bụ isi n'ihi na a nnukwu nkesa ebe, ma ka bitmap (Asteraceae) - na ọ bụ ukwuu n'ime herbaceous osisi (kwa afọ ma ọ bụ perennial). Akụkụ ịdị iche iche n'ime a dịgasị iche iche - si nnọọ obere ka ibu nnọchiteanya nke ọtụtụ mita elu.

Ọtụtụ ụdị ndị osisi ma ọ bụ bushes nnọọ nnukwu size (ruo 5-8 mita n'ịdị elu). Ka ihe atụ, melampodium ala opitoropi, nwaafo ka mmiri, apịtị dị oké ọhịa nke Louisiana na United States.

The bitmap ezinụlọ nwere ndị nnọchiteanya na n'etiti osisi, n'agbanyeghị na ha niile bi n'ebe ndịda onu. Ka ihe atụ, skaleziya na Galapagos Islands, nke nwere ike iru 20 mita n'ịdị elu, ma ọ bụ jupụtara ejupụta, na ihe ọ na-adịghị hụrụ na ihe ọ bụla n'akụkụ nke na planet. Ma ọ bụ osisi nke genus brachylaena si South Africa. Giant osisi, nke nwere a ike osisi na-eguzogide ọgwụ adiahade, n'ihi na nke ọ kpọrọ oké ihe.

Na n'elu ugwu na ala ahịhịa juru nke New Zealand haatsiya pushkovidnaya Nleta a dum-ogwu. Osisi a Ọdịdị na oké kapet ekpuchi ọkara otu mita na ịdị elu na-zuru ezu nke ukwu ebe (otu osisi nwere ike na-eto eto ruo abụọ mita n'obosara).

N'etiti ndị vine Asteraceae (mica, Mutisya), succulents na ọbụna a obere ụdị ndụ dị ka a tumbleweed (Centaurea diffusa, asteriscus Dwarf).

Kemgbe ụwa, ezinụlọ niile Asteraceae na-kewara abụọ subfamilies: trubkotsvetnye na okporo ahịhịa amị.

Subfamily bitmap (trubkotsvetnye)

Ihe ka nnọọ ọtụtụ nke na agba - tubular. Otu a nke osisi na-agụnye ihe karịrị otu puku ọgbọ na ihe karịrị iri abụọ ebo (taxonomic n'usoro na botani, nke bụ ala karịa uru nke ezinụlọ, ma elu iji). Ka ihe atụ, ihe ndị kasị ama - a bitmap, kalendulovye, sunflowers, anthemideae, tageteae na ndị ọzọ.

Subfamily chicory (ma ọ bụ latukovye)

Ha nke abụọ aha nke ire, na iche gara aga ezinụlọ nwere nanị asaa ebo, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ịmụ nwa nke banyere abụọ na narị abụọ - a obere akụkụ nke ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke osisi bụ ndị si n'ezinụlọ Asteraceae. Anọchitekwa anya nke chicory na-eto eto na fọrọ nke nta ọ bụla na Afrika, mba anyị kasị ama anya - bụ chicory, ịrịba ama na-egbuke egbuke-acha anụnụ anụnụ okooko osisi na ya-agbasa dị ka a ahihia. O sina dị, na osisi bụ ezigbo mmanụ aṅụ na osisi, na na-eji na-esi nri mgbọrọgwụ kọfị.

Aster ezinụlọ: ekwukwa n'akwụkwọ uru

Ileba ọmụmụ nke osisi nke ezinụlọ a nwere ogologo-ewu ewu na-esi nri, ndị kasị ama atụ - a sunflower oilseed. N'ala nna ya - North America. Ọ ọma acclimatized n'ógbè anyị, ma ugbu a sunflowers na-toro na a azụmahịa n'ike. The isi ngwaahịa nke ya - bụ, n'ezie, sunflower mmanụ. Ma agafee nke na-emepụta osisi, hydrogenated abụba (tallow, na-eji maka na njikere nke majarin na ncha), mmepụta n'efu a na-eji dị ka nri anụmanụ.

Ọzọ na-egbuke egbuke na oriri, ma, n'ụzọ dị mwute, anyị na-adịghị na-eto eto nnọchiteanya nke ezinụlọ - atịchok (nọchiri). Kemgbe ụwa, ọ na-atụle a na akwukwo nri, ma n'ezie na ọ bụ unopened nwa osisi. Dị ka a dị iche iche efere ma ọ bụ akụkụ nri, ọ na-ekesa na Mediterranean mba na na America.

Famous n'ihi na ya uto àgwà Jerusalem atịchok, akọ bụghị nanị dị ka ihe oriri ma na-dị ka a oru na nri osisi.

Ji achọ na-agwọ ọrịa

Ya ji achọ na okooko umu nke aster ezinụlọ (foto) mara maka a ogologo oge.

Breeders ewepụtara fọrọ nke nta ọtụtụ iche nke ubi okooko osisi. All maara na-ewu ewu florists chrysanthemum na gerbera. Otu ugboro kwa onye nwere ifuru akwa, akọ asters ma ọ bụ daisies, zinnias na marigolds, dahlias na ageratum.

Medicinal osisi ndị kasị ewu ewu na na bara uru: chamomile, yarrow, arnica, usoro, Uke, wormwood, tansy, marigold na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Ha na-agwọ ọrịa mmetụta na ozu na-anwale ma pụtara, decoctions ma ọ bụ infusions nke herbs bụ ihe ndị kasị oké ọnụ ahịa homeopathic ịgba akwụkwọ.

Aster ezinụlọ, nke ndị so na-mara, eleghị anya, onye ọ bụla, nyere ụwa dị ịrịba ego nke azụmahịa, ornamental ọgwụ osisi.