Apịtị chakoo. Atụmatụ eke ebe

Apịtị - nke a bụ nnukwu eke ebe. Ọ na-ewe banyere 27% nke ngụkọta nke ebe Earth oké ọhịa. A bird's-anya apịtị - a buru ibu pine ọhịa. Ọ bụ mara mma na n'otu oge ahụ na-emenye ụjọ. Yurop boreal ọhịa a na-ewere ndị kasị ibu na-aga n'ihu eke nke ebe planet. Relief apịtị - ọ bụ ukwuu n'ime ala ala na obere ugwu.

General e ji mara nke eke ebe

On Chile Eurasia apịtị amalite Scandinavia, na-aga n'ihu gafee Afrika na n'ebe ndị Pacific Ocean. Na North America, a eke ebe erukwa site n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na-agabiga n'ókèala mba ndị dị ka United States na Canada.

E wezụga ihe a nile, na apịtị - kasị ugwu ọhịa mpaghara. Ya mere, ọ na-adịkwaghị conifers - spruce na pine, dị ka deciduous agaghị ahapụ ndị dị otú ahụ ala okpomọkụ. Nke a eke ebe a na-akpọ "green akpa ume nke Earth" n'ihi na coniferous ọhịa na-emepụta nnukwu ichekwa oxygen.

Relief apịtị - ice ụdị, n'ihi na eziokwu na ya n'ókèala ẹkenịmde glasia.

The ihu igwe na ala nke apịtị

The idụhe bụ a eke ebe dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ oké osimiri. Ebe nwayọọ oyi na nkezi okpomọkụ nke -10 degrees na dịtụ ọkụ n'oge okpomọkụ, n'oge a, nkezi okpomọkụ bụ 10 degrees. N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ apịtị idụhe continental, okpomọkụ na oyi ọnwa nwere ike iru -40 degrees. Oge okpomọkụ na-dịtụ ọkụ, ma nnọọ mkpụmkpụ.

The ọdịda bụ site 200 mm na 1000 mm kwa afọ. N'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị a, ihe ego nke ọdịda ike ikusi n'ihi ihu igwe siri ike, ya mere, na oké ọhịa a otutu marshes na ọdọ mmiri.

The ala nke apịtị mpaghara - podzolic, sod-podzolic. Nke a bụ n'ihi na eziokwu na decomposition ngwaahịa nke ịnweta ma organic bekee mmiri ọnọdụ anọgide na ala ala oyi akwa. Mgbe na-akpụ akpụ n'ebe ugwu na-adịkwaghị permafrost.

Flora na fauna nke apịtị mpaghara

ìhè coniferous apịtị

Enwe Ike: larch na pine.

Larch nwere ike idi okpomọkụ ala -70 degrees. Ya mere, a ghara ịdị na-kpagburuibe na n'ebe ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ akụkụ na a sharply continental idụhe.

ọchịchịrị coniferous apịtị

Adịkwaghị spruce, cedar, fir.

Siberia spruce - agbasokarị ele. Forest nke spruce nwere dịghị n'okpuru. N'okpuru osisi na-eto eto na ndo-n'anya osisi.

Igwe-etolite na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke apịtị na milder climates.

Siberia cedar, nakwa dị ka spruce, - isi ụdị osisi nke ọchịchịrị coniferous ọhịa. Afọ ndụ ya nwere ike iru afọ 800.

Ahụkarị nnochite anya bụ apịtị fauna bear, wolf, oke bekee, elk, osa, lynx, grouse, ikwiikwii, Jay et al. Akpan akpan ntị ga-akwụ ụgwọ dị otú ahụ na ụdị dị ka Siberia tiger, musk, Wolverine.

Atụmatụ enyemaka apịtị

apịtị enyemaka bụ fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam ewepụghị, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị boreal ọhịa na-emi odude na Russian ndagwurugwu. East European Plain kpuchie site kpụkọrọ, nke mmetụta dị ukwuu enyemaka nke boreal n'oké ọhịa. N'okpuru ebe anyị na-atụle na ihe nkowa enyemaka nke apịtị na Russia.

Kola Peninsula na Karelia

Ebe a na-ahụkarị na metamorphic oke-crystalline nkume. Na n'ebe ugwu nke Karelia elu esịmde 650 mita akpọ ice. Landforms Peninsula: mutton n'egedege ihu, eskers, drumlins, dome ekara ugwu nta nile.

Ọkà mmụta sayensị na-atụ aro na n'oge ichighaazu nke glasia Gulf, White Sea na Lake Onega bụ otu.

Timan riiji esịmde a dị elu nke 325 m na elu Vychegda. The kacha elu nke Kola Peninsula - a Khibiny na Lovozero Tundra (1300 m na 1120 m, karị). Coniferous n'ọhịa na-eto eto ruo 350 mita.

West Siberia Plain

Relief atụmatụ nke apịtị na Russia idu ke eziokwu na ebe a na-adịkwaghị di ala ala. Na West Siberia Plain pụrụ ịchọta tumadi na kwụ ego nke Quaternary na Tertiary oge, naanị n'ebe ugwu, na nso nso Ob na Sosva osimiri na Lower Jurassic na Upper Cretaceous ego na ya.

Ọ na-na-eche na na Western Siberia abụọ glaciations wee ebe.

Na akụkụ nke nri mben Yenisei River Yenisei Ridge erukwa, nke a na-apịaji Lower Paleozoic na Precambrian nkume. Ridge rute elu nke 1132 m.

Central Siberia dị larịị

Plateau emekọ Aldan, mmachi Taimyr tundra n'ebe ugwu. . Ya elu àmà site 300 m 500 m n'ime ndị Central Siberia Plateau bụ Tunguska ugwu Vilyuisk Mountain - erosional malite. The Cambrian na Silurian n'ókèala a bụ oké osimiri, nke na-egosi na mmiri sediments na oge.

apịtị enyemaka bụghị nnọọ iche iche, ma permeability na nke a nkebi bụ nnọọ ike n'ihi na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ala mmiri, obere ọdọ mmiri ndị na-ogwu.

The aku na uba na ojiji nke apịtị

Ke adianade elu-edu osisi na aji, na apịtị na-mined mineral. Geologists kwa afọ na-achọpụta ọhụrụ ego na ya.

Ịbụ mepụtara ore na coal na mmanụ, diamond, gold na apatites. N'ihi na mma nkwurịta okwu na nhazi nke Ngwuputa ebe na-ewu ụgbọ okporo ígwè. Nke a bụ otu ihe kasị na-eri-irè ụzọ ibufe minerals si n'ọnọdu-ha nke mmepụta na nnukwu nhazi emmepe. Ya mere Baikal-Amur Mainline, nke na-agba ọsọ site n'ebe ndịda nke Eastern Siberia e wuru.

Site na apịtị mpaghara chụlaga White Sea-Baltic Canal, nke ejikọ ndị White Sea na Baltic. N'ihi ya, ụgbọ mmiri tanker nwere ike na-ebu ibu site na St. Petersburg obodo ndị ọzọ dị na n'igbere mmiri na Barents na White n'oké osimiri.

Ohere maka anụ ụlọ na agriculture

The enyemaka nke apịtị na Russia n'ihi na ọtụtụ akụkụ na-adị ala. Na ọhịa na e nwere ọtụtụ floodplain na upland ala ahịhịa juru, nke bụ zuru okè n'ihi na grazing ehi. Good sod Ona-eme ka o kwe omume na-eto eto kụrụ: rye, ọka bali na flax, poteto, nri ubi.

Ma unu adịghị eme ihe n'ụzọ na-akụ na ụba nke a eke ebe. Nke a nwere ike ime ka irreparable gburugburu ebe obibi mbipụta. Ọ bụ uru na-echeta na nke oké ọhịa na apịtị - a green akpa ume nke ụwa.