Brief biography na ọrụ Solzhenitsyna Aleksandra Isaevicha

Na N'ajụjụ ọnụ Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn o kwetara na ndu ya ewepụtara ka Russian mgbanwe. Na-ede akwụkwọ nwere n'uche nchụàjà "The First gburugburu"? National History na-eme a mwute n'aka eri na nzuzo. Na-agba akaebe ha onye dere lere ya ọrụ ya. Solzhenitsyn - a ịrịba onyinye-amụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke XX narị afọ.

akwụkwọ eji achọ ọrụ

Solzhenitsyn Aleksandr Isaevich mụrụ na 1918 na Kislovodsk. Ọ na-ede akwụkwọ na-eme na-eto eto. Tupu agha ọ bụ mmasị n'elu niile akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Agha Ụwa Mbụ. The isiokwu, ọdịnihu dere, dissident na-elekọta mmadụ mmume raara ya mbụ edemede ọrụ.

Creative na pụrụ iche ụzọ nke ndụ Solzhenitsyn. Bụrụ ndị àmà na soò of mkpa mere eme - obi ụtọ maka onye dere, ma a oké ọdachi maka onye.

Akasiaha agha Solzhenitsyn okosobode ke Moscow. N'ebe a, o na-amụ akwụkwọ ozi na Institute of History, Philosophy na Literature. Behind ya bụ Rostov University. N'ihu - Officer si School, nchoputa na njide. Ke mbubreyo nineties na edemede magazine "New World" e bipụtara ọrụ nke Solzhenitsyn, nke na-ede akwụkwọ gosipụtara agha ya na ahụmahụ. Na ya anọwo na bukwanu.

An ogbunigwe ojii, ndị ga-eme n'ọdịnihu bụ onye so dee na-arahụ site na Eagle ka East Prussia. ya afọ mgbe e mesịrị ihe ndị na oge raara onwe ya nye ngwaahịa "Zhelyabugskie niile", "Adliga Shvenkitten". Ọ bụ na ezigbo ebe nweburu Army General Samsonov. Ihe ndị mere 1914, Solzhenitsyn raara ya n'akwụkwọ "The Red wheel."

Captain Ball Solzhenitsyn e jidere ke 1945. Gịnị soro ọtụtụ afọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, ahụhụ, na njikọ. Mgbe ghara ịgbanwe na 1957, mgbe a nkụzi na a ụlọ akwụkwọ dị n'obodo, nso Ryazan. Solzhenitsyn ụlọ gbazitere site a bi - Matrona Zakharovna, nke mesịrị ghọọ prototype nke isi agwa "Matryona" akụkọ.

Onye dere n'okpuru ala

Na ya autobiography, "Oak na Nwa Ehi" Solzhenitsyn kwetara na tupu e jide ya, ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-adọrọ mmasị e ji amụ ihe, ma kama n'echeghị. N'oge udo, na nnwere onwe, ọ na-iwe iwe site eziokwu na maka akụkọ chọta ọhụrụ isiokwu mfe. Gịnị ga- Solzhenitsyn, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-kụrụ?

Isiokwu maka akụkọ, novellas na akwụkwọ ọgụgụ mụrụ butekwara, na n'ogige ndị agha, nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ mkpụrụ ndụ. Enweghị ike dee echiche gị na akwụkwọ, o kere dum isi nke akwụkwọ akụkọ "The Gulag Archipelago" na "The First gburugburu" na uche, na mgbe ahụ n'isi ha site obi.

Mgbe a tọhapụsịrị ya, Aleksandr Isaevich nọgidere na-ede. Bipute ọrụ ya na fifties yiri ihe agaghị ekwe omume nrọ. Ma ọ dịghị mgbe kwụsịrị ide, ikwere na ọrụ ya na-agaghị na-arahụ na-arụ, akụkọ na akwụkwọ ọgụgụ na-agụ ọbụna ụmụ.

Na-ebipụta ya mbụ ọrụ naanị na 1963 bụ ike Solzhenitsyn. Akwụkwọ, dị ka iche iche akwụkwọ nwere pụtara ọtụtụ ihe mgbe e mesịrị. Na n'ala nna ya nwere ike ibipụta akụkọ ke "New World." Ma, ọ bụ ịrịba obi ụtọ.

ọrịa

Iji mụta dere na mgbe ahụ ọkụ - a usoro na-arụ ọrụ maka nchekwa nke ha Solzhenitsyn eji ihe karịrị otu ugboro. Ma mgbe n'ala ọzọ dọkịta gwara ya na ha ga-ebi a izu ole na ole, ọ tua egwu n'elu ihe niile o kere ga-mgbe ahụ onye na-agụ. Solzhenitsyn nwere onye ga-azọpụta. Friends - na ahụhụ. Mama m nwụrụ. Nwunye absentia gbara alụkwaghịm ya na nwunye nwoke ọzọ. Solzhenitsyn tụgharịa ihe odide ahụ, nke jisiri dee, mgbe ahụ, na-etinye ha na a karama nke champeenu, a karama wee lie ya n'ubi. Na m gara Tashkent ịnwụ ...

Otú ọ dị, enye ama ọbọhọ. Na oké nchoputa mgbake yiri ihe mgbaàmà, nabatakwa si n'elu. N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1954, Solzhenitsyn dere, "Labor nke Republic" - akpa ọrụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ị mepụtara a so dee onye operatives mara obi ụtọ adịghị ebibi Itie Itie, na-enwe ike na-agụ gị onwe gị na-arụ ọrụ kpamkpam.

"The First gburugburu"

Na edemede ala akwụkwọ banyere sharashka e dere. The prototypes na-agụ akụkọ ndị nchụàjà "The First gburugburu" ghọrọ na-ede akwụkwọ na ndị enyi ya. Ma, n'agbanyeghị na ihe niile anya, nakwa dị ka nkwa na-ebipụta ọrụ ahụ na ìhè version, ya nwere ohere na-agụ naanị KGB. Na Russia, nchụàjà "The First gburugburu," e bipụtara na 1990 a afọ. Na West - na iri abụọ na abụọ afọ mbụ.

"Otu ụbọchị Ivana Denisovicha"

Camp - a pụrụ iche ụwa. Ọ nwere ihe ọ bụla na-eme na otu na nke free ndị mmadụ bi na ya. Na mara ụlọikwuu, onye ọ bụla na ha onwe ha lanarị na-anwụ anwụ. Ke akpa bipụtara ọrụ Solzhenitsyn egosi otu ụbọchị ná ndụ nke dike. About mara ụlọikwuu ndụ nke na-ede akwụkwọ maara ji anya. Ọ bụ ya mere na-amasị onye na-agụ a siri ike ma na-ekwu eziokwu nsiridi, nke bụ ugbu ke akụkọ, bụ onye dere, Solzhenitsyn.

Akwụkwọ a so dee resonated ke uwa otu, n'ụzọ bụ isi n'ihi nke a pụrụ ịdabere. Solzhenitsyn kweere na ndị edemede bụ onye talent ahụ na-akwụsị, na mgbe ahụ kpamkpam anwụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọrụ ya ọ na-achọ ka circumvent eziokwu. Ya mere, ebe a ogologo oge zuru edemede iche na enweghị ike na-ebipụta na-arụpụta nke ya ọtụtụ afọ nke ọrụ, ọ bụghị na-ekwo ekworo nke ịga nke ọma nke na-anọchite anya nke a na-akpọ socialist nsiridi. Dere Union ụgbọala Tsvetaeva, Akhmatova na Pasternak jụrụ. Bulgakov ejighị. N'ụwa a nke talent na ọ bụrụ na e nwere, mgbe ahụ, ngwa ngwa nwụrụ.

akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme

Banye ihe odide ahụ, zigara ndị nchịkọta akụkọ nke "New World", aha ya Solzhenitsyn agaghị anwa anwa. M olileanya na "Otu ụbọchị Ivana Denisovicha" hụ ìhè, fọrọ nke nta na-abụghị. Long ike gwụrụ ọnwa agafeela kemgbe oge dị ka otu n'ime ndị enyi nke onye dere zigara ọtụtụ Ibé akwụkwọ, e dere obere odide ihe nke isi mkpara nke mba edemede ebipụta ụlọ, mgbe mberede bịara òkù si Twardowski.

Na-ede nke "Vasiliya Terkina" na akụkụ-oge isi nchịkọta akụkọ nke "The New World," ihe odide nke na-amaghị na-ede akwụkwọ na-agụ site na Anna Berzer. Onye ọrụ nke na-ekwusara ụlọ na-atụ aro Tvardovsky agụ akụkọ, na-ekwu okwu na ghọrọ bụrụkwa :. "Ọ bụ ihe dị ndụ nọ n'ogige ahụ, site n'anya a mfe nwoke onye oru ugbo" The oké Soviet na-ede uri, edemede nke agha-ịhụ mba n'anya poems si a mfe nwoke onye oru ugbo ezinụlọ. Ma n'ihi na ọrụ nke akụkọ bụ na nnọchite nke "onye nkịtị," ọ bụ nnọọ akpali.

"The Gulag Archipelago"

A akwụkwọ banyere bi Stalin ahụhụ, Solzhenitsyn kere ihe karịrị afọ iri. N'ihi na oge mbụ na-arụ ọrụ e bipụtara na France. Na 1969, "The Gulag Archipelago" bụ zuru ezu. Otú ọ dị, na-ebipụta na Soviet Union dị ọrụ ọ bụghị nanị na-esi ike ma na-ize ndụ. Otu nke na-enyere aka nke onye dere, nke reprinted mbụ olu nke na-arụ ọrụ, ghọrọ a aja mkpagbu nke ndị KGB. Dị ka a N'ihi nke na njide na ajụjụ ọnụ nke ise ụbọchị ndị na-abụghị na-akwụsị otu agadi nwaanyị ọ gbara akaebe megide Solzhenitsyn. Ma mgbe ahụ gburu onwe ya.

Ịgbaso ihe ndị a, onye dere enweghị obi abụọ banyere mkpa ibipụta "Archipelago" ná mba ọzọ.

esenidụt

Solzhenitsyn Aleksandr Isaevich a chụpụrụ ndị Soviet Union a ọnwa ole na ole mgbe ntọhapụ nke nchụàjà "The Gulag Archipelago." Onye dere ya na-ebo ebubo nke ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru. The Soviet media n'ọtụtụ ebe kpuchie ọdịdị nke mpụ kwuru mere Solzhenitsyn. Karịsịa, "Archipelago" na-ede akwụkwọ na-ebo ebubo nke aiding Vlasov n'oge agha. Ma ọ dịghị ihe e kwuru banyere ọdịnaya nke na-akpali akpali akwụkwọ.

Ruo mgbe ụbọchị ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya, Solzhenitsyn akwụsịghị ya edemede na-elekọta mmadụ na-eme. Na N'ajụjụ ọnụ ndị mba ọzọ periodicals, ná mmalite eighties, Russian dere kwupụtara obi ike na ọ ga-enwe ike ịlaghachi ụlọ. Mgbe ahụ, ọ yiri gaghị eme.

laghachi

Na 1990, Solzhenitsyn laghachi. Na Russia, o dere ọtụtụ isiokwu na na ugbu a na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-elekọta mmadụ nsogbu. A ịrịba òkè nke ụgwọ e depụtara na-ede akwụkwọ na ihe nkwado nke ndị mkpọrọ na ndị ezinụlọ ha. One of premiums - na ihu ọma nke ndị Chernobyl tara NPP. Ma, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru na nke Order of St. Andrey Pervozvannogo dere ka na jụrụ, na-ezo ya ịla azụ-eme ihe megide ndị award nke kasị ike, nke mere ka mba ya ugbu ndo ala.

Solzhenitsyn - a bara uru Russian akwụkwọ. Na Soviet ụfọdụ, ọ na e weere a dissident na mba. Solzhenitsyn ekwetaghị na echiche a, na-arụ ụka na ọ - Russian onye edemede n'elu niile n'anya ha n'ala nna ha.