Butadiene acrylonitrile roba: Properties, Nkwadebe, ngwa

Nitrile-butadiene roba (NBR), - bụ isi akụrụngwa n'ihi na mmepụta nke na-ele ụdị ọ bụla nke roba na ezigbo ike. Ọ bụ a sịntetik polymeric ihe enwetara site copolymerization nke butadiene na acrylonitrile (NAK). Ọ nwere ike na-akpọ nitrile, nitrile-butadiene, styrene-butadiene roba ma ọ bụ butakrilom. N'ụwa nile, a designation nwere a na-akanye ihe NBR (nitrile-butadienerubber), na anụ ụlọ - NBR (nitrile sịntetik roba).

ebe ọdabara

Nke a na ụdị rubbers na-ejikarị na ebe nke ụlọ ọrụ ebe ọ dị mkpa kacha nkwụsi ike nke roba ngwaahịa na ya ike ike media. Nke dị oké mkpa na-Njirimara nke ndị dị otú ahụ butadiene-nitrile roba, dị ka elu ekwedo na a obere na-adịgide adịgide deformation. Nke a ihe onwunwe na ọtụtụ-eji na mmepụta nke roba ọcha nke bụ kpọmkwem na kọntaktị na na ya nọ n'ọrụ onwunwe - o nwere ike ịbụ na ụdị nile nke akàrà, gaskets, roba mgbasa nkwonkwo, mmanụ hoses, mbanye eriri, mmanụ ụgbọala, ụgbọ ala tankị, ikuku na mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ, na-ebi akwụkwọ dechapụ efere na ndị ọzọ na ngwaahịa.

Products arụpụtara na ndabere nke a roba anaghị iza na mmanu mmanu oke mmiri, mmiri nbelata ịjụ oyi na mmiri. Ụfọdụ na ụdị ndị dị otú a ihe a rụrụ eletriki wiring n'ọbọ na roba uwe nwere karịsịa elu ike na-eyi ndị na-eguzogide. Ya iji na mmepụta nke dị iche iche adhesives, sealants na nzukọ ụfụfụ. Rubber bụ ihe ndabere na mmepụta nke adhesives.

Mgbe na ebe mere nke a roba?

Inweta NBR e dere na 1934 na Germany. N'oge ahụ, German ọkà mmụta sayensị kere a pụrụ iche ihe onwunwe na Njirimara na patented ya n'okpuru aha Buna-N. N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ndị ọhụrụ ihe onwunwe na-ewu ewu nnọọ agha na ụdị ụlọ ọrụ.

N'ihi enweghị eke ego kasị elu US ọchịchị ka ulo oru a pụrụ iche omume, nke na-egosi ifịk mmepe nke mmepụta nke nitrile roba na ndị ọzọ sịntetik ngwaọrụ maka roba. Arụpụtara n'okpuru usoro ihe a na-akpọ GR-N. Ka ụbọchị, BOC aghọwo otu n'ime ndị kasị ewu ewu pụrụ iche-nzube rubbers. Ọ na-emepụta na ihe karịrị 20 mba gburugburu ụwa.

mmepụta nke BOC

Nke a na ụdị ihe a na-emepụta site constructive polymerization na okenye emulsion. The usoro a rụrụ ma na elu na na ala okpomọkụ. Isi monomers maka ha mmepụta - bụ 1,3-butadiene na acrylonitrile (NAC), weere na a na-hà. Ndị bekee na-adịghị adabere na okpomọkụ. Ewere n'ime akaụntụ iwu nke mgbakọ na mwepụ copolymerization, ọ ga-kwuru na nke a tandem monomers ga-enweta Njirimara nke ihe azeotropic mejupụtara gụnyere banyere 40% acrylonitrile na monomer ngwakọta.

Na mmepụta nke ụdị roba na-aghọ ndị dị mkpa mgbe mma ọcha nke coagulation emulsifiers eji maka polymerization. The rubbers emepụta ekwe a obere ego nke ịnweta ash na obodo adịghị (kacha 1%). Ha nwere ike tucked ntụpọ ma ọ bụ ndị na-abụghị staining antioxidants.

Gịnị bụ BNK

Na mba anyị, arụpụtara roba ụdị dị ka NBR-18 (SKN-18), NBR-26 (SKN-26) na butadiene-acrylonitrile roba 40 (SKN-40). Onuogugu egosi na stampụ na-egosi na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke acrylonitrile nkeji na polima. Ha nwere ike ịnwe karị 18, 26 ma ọ bụ 40% of acrylonitrile.

Site mgbanwe ọnụ ọgụgụ nke constituent mmiri, ị nwere ike nweta dị iche iche Njirimara nke nke pụrụ ịkpata ihe. Dabere na pasent nke acrylonitrile rubbers Njirimara nwere ike ịgbanwe ekweghị ekwe, ndị viscosity mmanụ - na petrol na-eguzogide. Onu NAC emetụta intermolecular mmetụta nkeji. Nke a na-akpata na-emetụta ojiji nke butadiene nitrile roba na dịgasị iche iche nke mba aku na uba. O sina dị, ọ na-eji dị ka a akụrụngwa n'ihi na imewe nke a buru ibu iche iche nke roba ngwaahịa maka ulo oru eji.

ọghọm ihe

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na roba isiokwu mere na mgbakwunye na nke BOC, jide a mgbagwoju nke magburu onwe arụmọrụ (elu ike na tensile ductility, elongation, adọka-eguzogide ma na abrasion eguzogide, magburu onwe mmanụ na petrol na-eguzogide), ọ bụ ugbu a na ihe a na ụfọdụ ọghọm.

Tighter ọrụ ọnọdụ metụtara na onye na-abawanye na ike ọsọ nke obi jụrụ usoro na enweghị mmanụ na-eduga ná eziokwu na roba ọcha nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ na okpomọkụ ruo 150 degrees. Site na-amụba na-arụ ọrụ okpomọkụ n'elu nke a bara uru, na structuring, na mgbe ahụ roba mbibi kere dabeere BNK. Na ndị ọzọ okwu, kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ roba na-aghọ ike na kenkuwa.

Low okpomọkụ nakwa njọ na-emetụta ndị roba ngwaahịa, nke e ji mee ihe na mmepụta nke nitrile roba. Best maka ha bụ okpomọkụ bụ n'okpuru -35˚S.

Modern nsụgharị rubbers

Ka ịmepụta roba ngwaahịa, na a pụrụ iche set nke Njirimara na-emetụta ndị ọzọ elu mgbanwe nke rubbers. Otu n'ime ndị kasị ekwe ndị na na na-atụle mgbanwe nke hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubbers. Ha nwere magburu onwe nhazi Njirimara dị iche iche iche nke roba mmepụta.

Taya mere dabeere na gbanwetụrụ rubbers, polyvinyl chloride, na-enye a ọzọ mụ egosi nke weather anwụ ngwa ngwa (-50 degrees) na oké ọrụ okpomọkụ ruo 160 degrees. Ọ dị nnọọ elu na-na ngwaahịa arụpụtara na ndabere nke butadiene-nitrile rubbers, maka adọka-eguzogide ma na abrasion eguzogide. Ọ nwere magburu onwe iguzogide n'ọrụ na ya ike ike gburugburu. Otú ọ dị, nke a roba bụghị dị ka ike ma resilient. Ya mere, mma nkà na ụzụ Njirimara nke ihe onwunwe, ọ na-kasị na-eji na Nchikota na ot ụdị nitrile-butadiene rubbers.

vulcanization

The usoro nke vulcanization nke nitrile butadiene roba site sọlfọ na thiuram, organic peroxides, resins alkilfenolformaldegidnyh na organochlorines. Okpomọkụ ike ịdị iche iche site na 140˚ ka 190˚ Celsius. Na-arụ na usoro a, e nwere ọdịdị nke nnukwu ime ala dị larịị. Elu etoju nke NAC enwekwu bụla. ọsọ. Àgwà nke roba e inyocha site pụta ụwa e ji mara curatives.

Njirimara

Properties NBR acrylonitrile content kpebisiri ike. Nke a na ụdị roba bụ nnọọ soluble na ketones, ụfọdụ hydrocarbon ngwọta na esters. Aliphatic hydrocarbons na mmanya fọrọ nke nta enweghị mmetụta na na mgbasa nke NBR. The na-abawanye na ndị mejupụtara na-akwalite intermolecular acrylonitrile ihe gụrụ n'etiti polima ígwè: nke ukwuu NAC na mejupụtara nke ihe onwunwe, ndị dị elu nke njupụta na-enwekwu ndị iko mgbanwe okpomọkụ mode. Elu etoju nke NAC ebelata dielectric Njirimara na ebelata ogo solubility na aromatic solvents na-enwekwu ndị na-eguzogide ndị ozizi na aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Dabere na N'ezie nke polymerization roba, ọ nwere ike dị iche iche plastoelasticheskimi egosi. Ha nwere ike ịbụ:

• Ike (ekweghị ekwe nke Defoe 21,5 - 27,5 N). akwụkwọ ozi "T" na-kwukwara mgbe ịkpọ ndị dị otú ahụ roba ka aha ya.
• Solid (stiffness Defoe 17,5 - 21,5 N).
• Soft (stiffness Defoe 7.5 - 11.5 N). leta "M" na-kwukwara mgbe ịkpọ ndị dị otú ahụ roba ka aha ya.

N'ihi na NBR, mepụtara na òkè nke sulfonates ka emulsifiers, labeling kwukwara na akwụkwọ ozi "C". Ka ihe atụ, SKN-26MS - a adụ roba na nke 26% nke-agbụ ugbu NAC na nkwadebe e ji ere ure alkylsulfonate emulsifier.