Central Federal District nke Russian Federation

Na ókèala nke Russian Federation na-a otutu-eme ihe nkiri, gụnyere na-asị, mpaghara na obodo. Onye ọ bụla na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mmepe nke mba ahụ na nwere ọtụtụ atụmatụ. Ma, e nwere a isi isiokwu. Nke a Central Federal District, bụ a akụkọ ihe mere eme na ụba na isi nke ala n'ihi na ọtụtụ narị afọ. N'isiokwu a anyị na-atụle ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke na-asị, ya ọdịdị mbara ala, na-adọrọ mmasị na ndị ọzọ na atụmatụ.

Isi

Central Federal District nke Russian Federation - bụ ókèala nke mba na kasị ukwuu bi njupụta. Ọ e tọrọ ntọala na 2000 site na iwu nke President Rossi Vladimira Putin. Dị ka akụkụ nke na-asị na ọ dịghị onye Republic, ọ na-agụnye naanị ebe na isi obodo nke Moscow. Ọ bụkwa ndutịm center nke na-asị na ndị kasị ibu obodo. The aha na-abịa bụghị site na ala ọnọdụ nke district, na site na ya akụkọ ọrụ.

Nke a na ebe kemgbe ọtụtụ emepe, na ọdịbendị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. The district emi odude kasị mma agụmakwụkwọ njikọ nke mba ahụ, ma guzosie ike kacha elu usoro nke iga na nkwukọrịta. N'ime ya nke ọma mepụtara: akpakanamde, instrumentation na ndị ọzọ ọrụ. Ọtụtụ ndị na Russia na mba ndị ọzọ na-a na-adịgide adịgide n'ebe ọrụ na CFD ma ọ bụ Moscow dị ka ndị kasị prestigious na ekwe obodo ndụ na mmepe.

ọdịdị ala

Ebe nke Central Federal District-ekpuchi ebe ndị 650 200 square kilomita. Ọ fọrọ nke nta 4% nke dum n'ókèala Russia. CFA emi odude ke East European Plain. Na ókè nke District converges na Belarus na Ukraine.

N'ime CFD eto mbuaha, deciduous ọhịa. Part nke ókèala a na-kpuchie site steppe na ọhịa steppe. E-erukwa ụfọdụ isi osimiri na-na Volga, ndị Don, ndị Dnieper na Western Dvina. The idụhe bụ ọnọdụ. The okpomọkụ na oyi averages 15 degrees centigrade ke ndaeyo - 22 degrees.

A ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke minerals na-emepụta na ókèala ndị Central Federal District. Ndị a gụnyere phosphate nkume, ciment ngwaọrụ, konkiri, coal. Fọrọ nke nta 20% niile Russian ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ịgbatị na Central Federal District.

bi

The 39.209.580 ndị mmadụ bi na Central Federal District of Russia. On otu square kilometa 60. Nke a bụ karịa 25% nke ngụkọta bi. Fọrọ nke nta ka ọkara n'ime ha na-ebi isi obodo nke Central Federal District. Moscow na Moscow region ghọrọ ihe karịrị 17 nde ụmụ amaala.

Otu eziokwu dị mkpa bụ na ndị bi na-aga n'ihu na-eto eto. N'ime ikpeazụ 7 afọ nọgidere enwekwu nọmba ya. Kwa afọ na ókèala ndị Central Federal District abịa 200-300 puku ndị mmadụ. Na ụba ọmụmụ udu. Ebe ọ bụ na 2002, e nwere kemgbe ihe abawanye na ndụ nke ndị dị ndụ na nke a akụkụ nke mba.

Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị bi bụ Russian, ha bụ ebe a fọrọ nke nta ka 90% nke ngụkọta bi. Na n'ọnọdụ nke abụọ Ukrainian, mgbe nanị akụkụ dị nta nke 1%. Ọzọkwa e nwere Armenian, Tatar Azerbaijanis na a òkè nke na-erughị 1%. Otu n'ime ihe ndị na-asụ asụsụ na-adịkwaghị Slavic otu, ya bụ Russian. Ya òkè - 92% ma ọ bụ karịa.

nlegharị anya

Odude na ókèala nke Central Federal District Russia ịrịba nlegharị anya.

Kolomna Kremlin. Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị adọrọ mmasị ebe ná mba ahụ. The Kremlin e wuru na oge site na 1525 site na 1531, na-eje ozi dị ka onye-apụghị imeri emeri ebe e wusiri ike na Moscow ọchịchị ruo ọtụtụ afọ. nanị akụkụ nke nnukwu ụlọ, a ole na ole mgbidi na 7 elu ẹnịm ka ụbọchị. N'ime Kremlin e wuru Cathedral nke mwere na a ụzọ nke uka, nke bụkwa uru a nleta.

Smolensk ebe e wusiri ike mgbidi. Mgbidi e wuru na oge site na 1595 site na 1602. Ogologo ya dị 6.5 kilomita. Smolensk ebe e wusiri ike bụ onye dị mkpa kenkwucha ebe maka Russian ala. Kemgbe mmalite narị afọ nke 17 ya na ọtụtụ ugboro tiri onye iro agha, otú anya naanị a akụkụ nke e wusiri ike nọrọ site na ya.

Hopersky Reserve. Tọrọ ntọala na 1935, Park keere a bụrụkwa ọrụ ịzọpụta Russian muskrat, onye bi na-adalata adalata. The idobere bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị baa ọgaranya na Europe. On ya n'ókèala e nwere 400 na ọdọ mmiri, nke ọ bụla mmiri idei mmiri nke ruo 80% nke idobere ebe. Economic Department nke Central Federal District akwụ uche pụrụ iche na mmepe nke na-echebe ebe.

na aku na uba

Fọrọ nke nta 34% nke ngụkọta oké mpaghara ngwaahịa gua nke Central Federal District. Ebe a na ọ bụ uru na-dee 22% of ugbo na 26,5% nke ulo oru ngwaahịa.

Mkpokọta òkè nke CFD ụlọ ọrụ bụ mkpokọta hà 20% nke mba ahụ dum. Black Earth ebe, nke ghọrọ unofficial isi nke Russia, esetịpụ n'ọkwá nke ulo oru mmepụta, na nkà mmụta sayensị na teknuzu nwere, n'ibu injinịa na ndị ọzọ ụdị ụlọ ọrụ.

CFD bụkwa onye ndú na okwu nke ọhaneze na mmepe, ma ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụnyere ya ndị ọzọ na gọọmenti etiti distrikti nke mba. On ya n'ókèala bụ n'ụlọ ka a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị ọkachamara si n'ubi ndị mmepụta na technical plan.

CFA akọpụta 22% nke mba ọkụ eletrik, 19% nke ferrous ọla. Ọ na-arụpụta buru ibu nke mmiri ara ehi na ngwaahịa exported si ebe a iji 30% nke achịcha na nza nke na-aba n'anya (fọrọ nke nta ọkara).

Education na Science

More karịa 80% niile Russian nnyocha sayensị mụụrụ na ókèala ndị Central Federal District. Scientific laboratories na emmepe lekwasị n'ime district, bụ ihe fọrọ nke nta zuru nwere nke dum ala. Ọkà mmụta sayensị si gburugburu mba na-abata na Moscow bụ inweta ego ịzụlite ha ahịa ma ọ bụ na-amalite na-arụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ ruru eru isi.

Ọrụ dị mkpa a na-egwuri site usoro agụmakwụkwọ nke CFD. Fọrọ nke nta 40% nke oru na-emi odude ebe a, na a atọ nke niile ụmụ akwụkwọ debara aha na a district. Educational oru nke Moscow na Moscow region dị nnọọ ewu ewu n'etiti-eto eto ndị mmadụ, dị ka ọ na-kweere na ọ bụ Moscow mahadum nwere ike inwe ezigbo mmụta na a oké n'itinyekwu nkume maka ọdịnihu ma na-ekwe omume nke n'ihu mmepe.

innovations

Up 25% niile otutu echiche na nmepe na-mụrụ n'ime CFD. Nke a na-facilitated site research emmepe na ulo oru ogige ntụrụndụ ndị dị ka "Skolkovo". N'ókèala ha na-rụrụ mgbe niile na-emepe emepe echiche ọhụrụ. Engineers-arụ ọrụ "Skolkovo", aku na oru ngo nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị mba na-enye web ọrụ na ndị ọzọ na-elu-tech ngwaahịa ma ọha na onwe ụlọ ọrụ. Otu ihe dị mkpa na mmepe kemgbe nzaghachi. Ọkachamara si gafee mba mgbe niile ịkọrọ ha ahụmahụ, na-anakọta na ogbako na-enye Russia ọhụrụ talent na-kwa-emepe emepe States, na okwu nke technology lags n'azụ ndị ọzọ. Ọtụtụ ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ Russian na mba ọzọ na mahadum na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na IT-ụlọ ọrụ dị na ókèala ndị Central Federal District.

ugbo usoro

The Central Federal District nwere otu nke kasị elu na nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ iga na usoro. Site ya n'ókèala gbatịrị Trans-Siberia Railway. N'etiti ụdị nke ugbo ala eji n'ime CFA nwere ike iche okporo ígwè, n'okporo ụzọ, ikuku, mmiri, na ala (ụgbọ oloko Moscow).

Na ogologo nke okporo ụzọ na mpaghara nke 146 391 kilomita na 2010. Site CFD bụ 65 isi ụgbọ okporo ígwè e. Ebe a na ọ na-metụtara nanị akụkụ ụfọdụ Moscow iga ehiwe (ihe ndị ọzọ, ndị kasị ibu Russia).

Banyere ikuku iga, na mgbakwunye na a maara nke ọma Vnukovo na Sheremetyevo, na ókèala nke Central Federal District na-arụ ọrụ a n'ihu 29 ọdụ ụgbọelu. All nke ha na-achịkwa ndị Federal Transport Agency.

Ihe ọzọ dị mkpa mode nke iga ọrụ na nke a district - Pipeline. Lee ndị fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ pipelines na mba. Dị ka ihe atụ, isi mmanụ pipeline Nizhny Novgorod - Ryazan. Ogologo ya dị ihe dị ka 230 kilomita.