Olee otú dị iche iche a na-akpọ ndị akuku: Agriculture, fitotehniya, ndia?

Akuku mmepụta - kacha mkpa alaka nke ugbo, nke na-amịpụta 70% nke ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi iwesa nri. Ji achọ na deciduous osisi na okooko osisi icho mma ụlọ n'akụkụ ebe, interiors. Ọtụtụ ndị òtù nke osisi na-eji dị ka ulo oru mbo, na-emepụta ọgwụ na senti raw Pita nri. Olee otú dị iche iche a na-akpọ a akuku, akwụkwọ ọgụgụ, na nkà mmụta sayensị na-ewu ewu mbipụta na akwụkwọ ntuziaka? Nke a ajụjụ na-ebilite na akwụkwọ, ụmụ akwụkwọ mahadum dị ka nke ọma dị ka ndị ọkachamara na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche ndi nke aku na uba. Ka anyị chọpụta ihe ihe a ọrụ na-iche ihe karịrị narị afọ aha ya.

Gịnị bụ aha akuku?

Ntughari ka a okodu ndụ - kacha mkpa mere ná oge ochie otu. E a pụrụ ịdabere isi iyi nke nri karịa nzukọ nke mkpụrụ osisi na osisi ke uwa. Na Europe, ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ isi ugbo ubi bụ ọka, adịkwaghị oge ochie ngwá ọrụ maka ala cultivation. Nchọpụta, ndị njem, ndị ahịa me ọhụrụ osisi: citrus, melons, akwụkwọ nri, poteto. Ná mmalite nke XX na XXI narị afọ akpatawo elu ụzọ nke cultivation na cultivation nke osisi. Akuku mmepụta-aga n'ihu na-agbanwe tupu anyị anya. Jiri nke nkà na ụzụ na niile nkebi nke ugbo mmepụta. Na ubi nke na-arụ ọrụ, ọhụrụ ọlu-ubi-na owuwe ihe ubi ígwè ọrụ.

Agbanye peeji nke Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu na akwụkwọ, ị pụrụ ịmụta otú dị iche iche a na-akpọ a akuku, ihe bụ specificity nke a n'alaka ụlọ ọrụ nke ọrụ ugbo. The dị iche iche mbipụta bụ okwu:

• agriculture;
• husbandry;
• akuku;
• Agriculture (site na okwu Grik "Agros" - "ubi");
• fitotehniya;
• ndia.

Agriculture - ndabere nke akuku

Uru-eme ịkọ dabeere data si a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke sayensị: bayoloji, onwu, gburugburu. Ina ihe ọmụma nke botanical nhazi ọkwa, ala Njirimara, cultivation technology. In "The Complete Encyclopedia of Russian Agriculture na Sciences na kọntaktị na ya," e bipụtara na Russia (1900-1912), dum ụlọ ọrụ a na-akpọ ndia. Ke "Handbook Russian ọrụ ubi", nhazi VG Nyquist (1913) na-akọwa aha ọzọ akuku - fitotehniya. N'ime narị afọ gara aga kpụrụ akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ụlọ ọrụ:

• arable ugbo - mmepụta nke ọka (wheat, osikapa, ọka), oru (sunflower, okpete, owu), nri n'ubi;
• akwukwo nri - na-eto eto ubi osisi (kabeeji, eyịm, ose, tomato na ndị ọzọ);

• hotikoisho - cultivation nke pome mkpụrụ osisi, nkume mkpụrụ osisi, mkpụrụ vaịn na ndị ọzọ ubi;
• ornamental osisi;
• okoko;
• ala ahịhịa juru;
• oke ohia.

Agricultural ọkachamara ịzụlite ugbo usoro na akuku iche, melite ala cultivation usoro, eke adọ ụdị ụfọdụ na iche-iche na-eguzogide ọgwụ dị ka ọrịa na pests. Mfịna mbipụta na ngalaba ulo oru na-iji belata-akwụ ụgwọ, belata na nduzi na eke ihe.

Intensification nke akuku mmepụta

World agriculture na-emepe emepe dynamically. Mụbara arụpụtaghị, ngwaahịa mma, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta teknụzụ na-ẹkenam. Olee otú dị iche iche a na-akpọ a akuku na ihe reminiscent nke ulo oru mmepụta? All ndị ọzọ ọtụtụ ndị na-eji okwu ahụ bụ "na-akọ ugbo usoro." Cropping-agụnye iji ihe a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke usoro:

• ọlu-ubi-;
• ngwa nke ịnweta ma organic fatịlaịza;
• nkwadebe nke osisi, akuku ihe onwunwe;
• agha na akuku;
• elekọta nke n'ugbo dabeere na ndu e ji mara nke osisi, na Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe nke oge;
• owuwe ihe ubi.

"Basic Principles of ugbo dabeere n'eziokwu na ala a na-enweta azụ na ihe nile o weere" - dere nchoputa nke ugbo onwu Justus von Liebig. On Nchoputa nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na omume nke ubi-akuku ụwa dabeere akụ na ala na nchekwa umu usoro "bandpass» (warara-ruo), «kacha nta» (Mini-Ruo) na "efu» (Nou-Ruo) ọlu-ubi-. Ha na-ọma-eji na United States, Germany, Russia, Ukraine na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Canadian anāchi achi. Technology iji na ichebe ala, ike izoputa. Manufacturers ugbo ngwaọrụ ịzụlite nhazi na ire nke ngwaahịa na a "ubi - mmepụta - na counter." Mkpa karịsịa bụ ụkpụrụ a na-eto eto organic nri.

vetikal ọkpọ

Bụ ụzọ dị irè nke na-eto eto ubi enweghị ala. N'ihi nke a, mmiri mmiri mee, nwere ya mejupụtara ndị dị mkpa nri. Olee otú dị iche iche a na-akpọ a akuku na-adịghị achọ ala? Nke a bụ a dịtụ ọhụrụ usoro nke na-amị a akuku - hydroponics. Na Greek pụtara iji "na-arụ ọrụ ihe ngwọta".

Industrial ubi, dabeere na hydroponics, pụtara dịtụ na-adịbeghị anya. Ya nkesa jikọtara elu arụmọrụ nkeji na pụrụ enịm n'elu onye ọ bụla ọzọ, na-eke kwụ ọtọ na ubi na ubi mkpụrụ osisi. E nwere dị iche iche nke oriri potassium ngwakọta na mgbọrọgwụ nke osisi. The usoro nwere ọtụtụ uru. Na-achọ obere ohere maka mmepụta, obere mmebi ala pathogens wetara ọrịa, ụmụ ahụhụ na ikpuru. The na-arụ ọrụ ọmụmụ ike-atụkwasịkwara bekee mee ngwangwa uto nke inye iwu oge nke okooko na chaa.

Agriculture, floriculture na ahụ ike

The technology nke inweta ihe oriri na ngwaahịa na-n'ọtụtụ ebe na-eru onwu, genetically gbanwetụrụ (GMO). Otu n'ime nsogbu bụ ojiji nke nitrogen fatịlaịza, nke na-eduga ná ìgwè ke akwụkwọ nri, mkpụrụ osisi, melons carcinogenic ogige - nitrati. Ezighị ezi mmetụta na ike okwa nke ndị bi na ojiji nke akuku nke ọzọ agrochemicals. Na nke ọ bụla mba, guzosie ike ụkpụrụ nke ha ngwa, nke na-ekwu site phytosanitary ọrụ.

A ekwe direction bụ organic ugbo. Iji ngwongwo ya (eke, environmentally friendly) elu chọrọ. Agricultural sịrị na ndị ọrụ ugbo na-adịghị eji sịntetik Chemicals na GMOs na cultivation nke osisi, ke nhazi nke ngwaọrụ maka nri.

Circulation nke bekee n'okpuru eke ugbo bụ isiokwu atụmatụ.

Ugbu a, na-akọ ugbo ọkà mmụta sayensị na practitioners mma ha mmepụta ụzọ. Ebe gbapụ kọmputa technology àgwà akara nke ugbo na ngwaahịa, na-emepe emepe Biochemical na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa usoro iji melite ọgụ osisi. Ọ na-aghọ ndị ọzọ na-ewu ewu eco-enyi na enyi na ngwaahịa, karịsịa na mepụtara ụwa.