Anụ n'ịgwa nke okwu Russian na English asụsụ

Okwu na asụsụ nwere a akpan akpan lexical pụtara, nke a na-mara na a akpan akpan ọnọdụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe okwu nweta a akpan akpan pụtara, naanị abanye okwu na ezi uche njikọ na ndị ọzọ tokens. Nke a otu ebe Nchikota okwu, ebe nke ikpeazụ na ịkpọtụrụ onye ọ bụla ọzọ na-etolite a otu ọhụrụ uru.

Lexical Collocations

Na a okwu na okwu na-adịghị eme ihe iche ma na onodu nke ọzọ okwu na ha ga-achọkwa lexical, okwu, ezi uche. Ka ihe atụ, okwu ifuru-achọ nkwekọrịta-na-ole, okike na ikpe, na bụ ihe adjective ma ọ bụ participle kwesịrị oke, na-eguzo na-egosi na na nominative ikpe: ọhịa ifuru. Mgbe iji ihe adjective, ọ bụghị a mma n'ime pụtara (urukpuru ifuru), mgbe ahụ akwusila lexical ndakọrịta okwu.

Anụ n'ịgwa nke okwu - ọ bụ onye zuru nkekọ, nke na-adịghị ekwe nnọchi nke mmiri. N'ihi ya, Nchikota anwụ na-"gosipụtara ray nke anwụ." Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji dochie onye akụrụngwa nke Nchikota, ọ ga-atụfu ya uru (a Nchikota a anwụ na-acha ụbọchị, ụjọ oke bekee adịghị ugbua nwere uche a). Na okwu, lexical ndakọrịta nke okwu anụ okwu bụ zuru na omenala.

Ọmụmụ gbasara asụsụ Collocations, ie ọmụmụ gbasara asụsụ, webatara ala okwu genetically. Mmuo chere ohere iji ahịrịokwu mkpụrụ osisi apple na-atọ ọchị version of mkpụrụ osisi apple.

akpaala okwu

Okwu ka a na nso a kpọmkwem akụrụngwa set. Ọ na-eme na okwu ndakọrịta constraints kpatara idu ke ya nkekọ a akpan akpan ebe - a siri ike Nchikota okwu, ha na-akpọ iche iche phraseology. Nke a na okwu French asụsụ Charles Bally enwe a uru nke "isiokwu nkebi ahịrịokwu ahụ." N'ezie, anụ n'ịgwa nke okwu (idioms) iso nke ọtụtụ mmiri (ọ bụ peculiar okwu), dị ka otu onye okwu: nick ala - na-echeta na pịa ọnụ mmiri - mechie ọnụ, na-emeghe ya ọnụ - anya.

mkparịta ụka ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ

The sayensị nke na-amụ ihe owuwu ma na atụmatụ nke phraseology, a na-akpọ phraseology. Asụsụ eneme n'ozuzu ya. E nwere iche dị na usoro iwu ziri ezi nke phraseology. Na ụfọdụ iche iche nke ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ ọ bụla foothold na asụsụ nke anụ n'ịgwa nke okwu na-akpọ n'ụzọ dị otú a. Lexicographical kwuru ka anyị na-ekpe ikpe dị iche iche na-eru nso a nke. Phraseology-atụle ga-nanị ndị mụ n'ịgwa nke uru na-asugharia site nkọwa nke onye components. Ya mere, nkọ fritters idioms ma ọ bụ ofufe na ígwé ojii nwere ike ghara kọwara site a nkọwa nke onye ọ bụla okwu. Indivisible Nchikota mma-guzobere dị otú ahụ pụtara owuwu.

Ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ na-adịghị nke na set nkebi ahịrịokwu okwu, aphorisms, okwu clichés. Ha kweere na idioms (anụ n'ịgwa nke okwu) - a bụ ihe n'ịgwa ndị na-Ẹkot otu mkpụrụ okwu.

Nhazi ọkwa Vinogradov Shan

Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov, a ma ama Russian asụsụ na a n'ụwa nile aha, a nkọwa zuru ezu nke anụ n'ịgwa nke okwu na Russian asụsụ na nkewa ha. Na ọrụ ya idioms na-ekewa n'ime phraseological onuete (n'ezie idioms) phraseological ịdị n'otu na phraseological n'ịgwa. Nikolai Maksimovich Shan gbasaa nhazi ọkwa Vinogradov, pụta ìhè na ìgwè nke n'akpaala okwu okwu.

anọ na

Site adhesions bụ n'ịgwa onye semantics ndị doro anya naanị na a akpan akpan nkwurịta okwu. Pụtara idioms mmiri naanị bụ nnọọ anya. Semantics adhesions mgbe, ebube, ịkwatu ndị gauntlet, twiddle, a nkume si na otutu na ndị ọzọ na-agaghị ekwe omume na-akọwa na nkọwa nke ọ bụla okwu. The uru mmepụta si idioms omenala biri onuete. phraseologisms mmụta - bụ a ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme usoro na etịbe ke akpan akpan asụsụ.

The onye nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke asụsụ na-anụ n'ịgwa nke okwu. Ihe Nlereanya nke ndị dị otú ahụ adhesions: headlong, ha tọrọ atọ, n'ihi na n'aka. Ha na-arọ maka translation, ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-adịghị akwali pụtara onye ọ bụla okwu. The adhesions ekwe omume permutation na nnọchi nke mmiri.

ịdị n'otu

Phraseological ịdị n'otu, n'adịghị adhesions iso nke semantically kpaliri mmiri. Ha bara uru dabeere na indivisible metaphorical myirịta nke okwu na nke pụtara niile phraseologism. Akpaala okwu ili talent na ala bụ "ihe efu imefusị ike ha," na-akọwa atụ bụ: liri n'ala - "hide, zobe". Phraseological ịdị n'otu obere n'akpaala okwu karịa onuete. Ịdị n'Otu nwere ike diluted ndị ọzọ okwu, mgbe ụfọdụ, iji dochie otu n'ime mmiri. Ihe atụ, na phraseologisms na-akpọ a spade shọvel na mgbe ụfọdụ a dochie anya a okwu nnochi: na-akpọ ihe site ha onwe ha aha. Phraseological ịdị n'otu a na-akpọ idioms.

n'ịgwa

The semantics nke phraseological n'ịgwa mejupụtara ụkpụrụ omume nke niile mmiri na-eme ka okwu-adigide. Mgbe a na-achọkwa na free mmiri, na metụtara. The set nke ụkpụrụ maka nke ọ bụla n'ime ha na-ekpughe otu uru okwu. Ka ihe atụ, akpaala okwu iro ukwu-agụnye mmasị na okwu nke iyi onye iro nke nnwere onwe. Ọzọkwa na Nchikota sidekick, siri ọnọdụ, ilu oyi, ochi na ndị ọzọ.

okwu

Raara N. M. Shanskim phraseological okwu bụ idioms, esịnede free okwu. E nweghị ndị na yiri ihe. Ọtụtụ mgbe phraseological okwu ndị yiri ndị clichés, n'ilu, okwu na aphorisms. Ka ihe atụ, n'anya maka afọ niile, niile kasị mma, ruo mgbe anyị na-ezute ọzọ, ọ dịghị ụbọchị na-enweghị a akara. N'oge okwu, phraseological okwu na-adịghị mepụtakwara na-ekwu okwu, ma na-agbala si na ebe nchekwa.

Akpaala okwu na English

Rich English phraseology Fund, nke ọtụtụ narị afọ mma ọtụtụ borrowings si Latin, German, French, Spanish, bụ nke otu mmasị ka ndị ọkà mmụta asụsụ. Ihe Ọmụma nke a asụsụ mba ọzọ phraseology egosi ntụgharị okwu larịị. The elu nzere nke ọkachamara na-enyere aka igbochi asụsụ nghọtahie.

Anụ n'ịgwa nke okwu na English asụsụ nwere ike kere dị ka nhazi ọkwa VV Vinogradov. Phraseological onuete kasị siri ike ịsụgharị, n'ihi na okwu na-gụnyere na ya na-metụtara. The semantics nke ndị dị otú ahụ akụkụ na-ewepụtara na mkpokọta uru. Ka ihe atụ, agaghịkwa na ịwụ enweghị ike sụgharịa n'ụzọ nkịtị dị ka igba na ịwụ. Ebe a okwu site ejikọ ọ bụla ọzọ, na-enye a pụrụ iche uru na ike ga-sụgharịa Russian phraseology gbatịa ụkwụ.

Phraseological ịdị n'otu English adị nade na homonymous okwu. Ka ihe atụ, na-a nkịta na ụja onwe dị ka bụ okwu na-"goro ịrụ ọrụ nke mmadụ." Translation homonymous free Nchikota pụtara "nwere nkịta na barks na nna ya ukwu." High ngosipụta nke phraseological ịdị n'otu a atụmatụ nke English asụsụ.

Phraseological n'ịgwa ekwe nnọchi nke onye nke mmiri. The mejupụtara na-agụnye okwu ndị na a ofu uru na nnweta. Akpaala okwu nwere a warara ụzọ mgbapụ, ikwe ka omission nke a akụrụngwa nwere, sụgharịa Russian Nchikota zọpụta ọrụ ebube. Otu a nke phraseology kasị mfe ịsụgharị n'ihi na Nsonye nke n'ịgwa nke akụkọ ifo, akụkụ Akwụkwọ Nsọ (Sisyphean ọrụ, Adam apple, na hillesova ikiri ụkwụ, Ariadne si eri, ọkpụkpụ nke esemokwu, na ndị ọzọ).

English ilu na okwu na-enweghị ifo ụkpụrụ ndị phraseological okwu. Ha na-agụnye okwu na free ụkpụrụ, ma na-omenala reproducible: ọtụtụ ndị ikom ọtụtụ uche sụgharịta Russian phraseological ngosipụta nke otú ọtụtụ ndị, n'ihi ya, ọtụtụ echiche.

akwukwo nkebiokwu Fund

Akpaala okwu si nwere ike ịbụ akụkọ ihe mere eme (na nwa afọ) na biiri. Peryvami mgbe ndị mụ n'ịgwa nke okwu na -adịghị mma nnọchiaha, na archaisms na historicism. Ka ihe atụ, ọ dịghị ihe na-ekpuchi; ihe ọ bụla; Ọ dịghị onye na-echefu echefu, ihe ọ bụla a na-echefu; site n'okwu ọnụ; nso okike; otu dị ka a mkpịsị aka; osisi igbu oge; dịghị-nzuzu.

Biiri-atụle ga-ndị dị otú ahụ mụ n'ịgwa nke okwu na banyere asụsụ dị ka a okokụre ngwaahịa, mgbe mgbe, na-enweghị translation. agbaziri nke phraseology dị iche iche ụzọ. Akụkọ ifo, oge ochie akwụkwọ, Akwụkwọ Nsọ, na-ewetara masterpieces nke ụwa akwụkwọ n'asụsụ nke anụ n'ịgwa nke okwu. Ihe Nlereanya nke phraseology e si Latin asụsụ: Alma mater, na idee fixe, a Tete-a-Tete. The Bible nyere ndị dị otú ahụ mụ okwu dị ka nwa mmefu ahụ, Nwa-aturu Chineke, a wolf na atụrụ si uwe, na-asa aka, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Of ọrụ nke akụkọ ifo wee banye phraseological enweta ego nke Russian asụsụ na okwu bụ n'ezie a nwa okorobịa? (Gorky), anyị na ụmụnna anyị nta (Esenin), nkesa nke enyí (M.Zoshchenko).

The ojiji nke phraseology okwu

Anyị na-ekwu okwu, na ọtụtụ-eji phraseological okwu, ọ na-ada na-egbuke egbuke, mara mma ma na-egosipụta mmetụta. Akpaala okwu mesie were were na mmadụ okwu, na-egosi ọkwa nke ya akụziri. Phraseology ihe ọmụma na kwesịrị ekwesị ojiji nke ofu okwu na-ekwu okwu zuru okè proficiency.

The ike nke phraseology ime ka ọ ọzọ na; na echepụtakarị ekele ndi oru nta akuko, dere, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na-ekwuchitere mba na ndị nnọchiteanya ndị ọzọ Ọrụ, metụtara nkwurịta okwu eme ihe na mmetụta nke okwu. Dere na-agbanwe idioms, na-agbakwụnye na ha Efrata ọtụtụ epithets, nke na-eme ya ọbụna karị ihe atụ na okwu. The uru nke anụ n'ịgwa nke okwu na-aghọ ironical mgbe dochie akụkụ nke adigide ntụgharị.

Ofufe nke phraseology eji publicists Aha nke isiokwu, edemede, reclamations. Gbanwere okwu bụ nke a otu otu nke phraseology - occasionalisms.

akwukwo nkebiokwu

Mgbe na-eji anụ n'ịgwa nke okwu mkpa ka ị mara kpọmkwem ihe ha semantics, n'ime akaụntụ stylistic n'echiche. Associative njehie na ojiji nke phraseology, ọhụma na-akpọ mgbe a akụrụngwa na-anọchi Paronyms ma ọ bụ a yiri-sounding okwu (ọdịda spirit, ọ dịkarịa ala gụọ Cheshi), na-ekwu okwu banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke amaghị nke asụsụ na etymology nke asụsụ. Ezughị oke, na-ekwesịghị ekwesị ojiji nke n'akpaala okwu okwu radically-agbanwe ihe kwuru, agbagọ ọ na-eme akaje (ha bụrụ abụ ya ọbọgwụ mmiri song, post-agụsị akwụkwọ na nke ikpeazụ njem). Izere ndị a emehie aka akwukwo nkebiokwu. Ha akọwara phraseological unit, na-akọwa si malite, na-agakọta okwu na nkebi ahịrịokwu. Na asụsụ abụọ na ọtụtụ asụsụ akwụkwọ nyere Ẹkot translation.