Cervical na thoracic vertebra: nkọwa, Ọdịdị, ọrụ. Mkpakọ mgbaji ọkpụkpụ nke thoracic vertebra

Ọkpụkpụ azụ bụ ntọala nke nweekwa usoro nke mmadụ. Ọkpụkpụ azụ dị iche iche S ekara ụdị, nke ana achi achi ya mgbanwe na ekwedo, na-mmemmem ọ bụla bumps na-egosi mgbe na-agba ọsọ, na nkịtị na-eje ije, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na anụ ahụ na-eme. The spinal kọlụm na-enye ohere a onye na-eje ije ogologo, jide otu ebe postcho, idebe ahụ na itule. Na thoracic vertebra - bụ otu n'ime isi mmiri nke riiji.

Olee otú ọkpụkpụ azụ

Ọkpụkpụ azụ mee nke obere ọkpukpu kpọrọ vertebrae. The ọnụ ọgụgụ na-agụnye 24 iberibe, otu mgbe ndị ọzọ jikọrọ a perpendicular ọnọdụ. The vertebrae na-ekewa iche iche iche iche: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic na 5 lumbar. Na ala obodo nke ọkpụkpụ azụ, n'ihi na lumbar, sacrum posted nyere 5 vertebrae jikọọ na a otu ọkpụkpụ. Dị n'okpuru sacral òkè nwere coccyx ke ukot nke nke a na-emi odude gwakọtara vertebrae.

nkọwa

Toso vertebra nwere a cylindrical udi na a na-ewere ike ebe nke dara a ịrịba amị ibu. Behind ahu nwere a vertebral njiko ekara ọkara yiri mgbaaka na radiating spikes. Shackle vertebra na ya ụlọ, na-eke Spinebone Itie. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke oghere niile vertebrae ụgha kpọmkwem otu n'elu ndị ọzọ, werekwa ndị spinal kanaal. Ọ na-zubere maka mmezi nke ọbara arịa, ọgidigi azụ na akwara mgbọrọgwụ.

Ke kpụworo ọwa ka na-ekere òkè Spinebone nodules, otu nke kasị mkpa akwara: posterior longitudinal odo. Ikpeazụ ike unit akwusila na vertebrae nke ogwe n'azụ, na-acha odo odo agbatị ha dị nso folds. Vertebral njiko nwere 7 Filiks, nke elu na nke ala nkwonkwo na-aka na mmepụta nke akụkụ nkwonkwo na transverse na spinous alaka jigide ya akwara na uru.

The vertebrae nke thoracic spain - a ka nzà ọkpụkpụ n'ime ha na-okwu kpuchie externally ike cortical e dere ede. Cancellous ọkpụkpụ bụ dị na crossbar na kpụrụ cavities na-ebu red ụmị ọkpụkpụ.

intervertebral diski

Odude interm abụọ n'akụkụ vertebrae na nwere n'ụdị a ahazi, ezigbo gasket. Na n'etiti intervertebral diski bụ, ntọala pulposus, nke nwere ezi ekwedo na-arụ ọrụ nke vetikal ibu depreciation. Ọ na-ekpuchi nke a isi multi-layered fibrous gburugburu, gwara ya na a Central ọnọdụ, ma na-egbochi Ndahie nke vertebrae na ntụziaka nke tangent ọ bụla ọzọ. Fibrous gburugburu mejupụtara a ọnụ ọgụgụ ike emep uta eri na interlayers nke skew na atọ na-ebupụta.

akụkụ nkwonkwo

Site Spinebone efere bụ articular akụkụ (alaka), nke na-aka na mmepụta nke akụkụ nkwonkwo. Cervical na thoracic vertebrae ejikọrọ na abụọ nkwonkwo mgbagwoju, emi odude ma mgbidi nke njiko nke etiti akara nke ahụ symmetrically. Intervertebral spines n'akụkụ vertebrae bụ n'ebe ọ bụla ọzọ. Ha na nsọtụ na-kpuchie na-eji ire ụtọ articular cartilage, site nke na-esiwanye ebelata esemokwu n'etiti ọkpụkpụ na-etolite a nkwonkwo.

foramen

Mpụta akụkụ nke vertebral kọlụm na-foraminal lumens kpụrụ a nkwonkwo alaka, ozu na ụkwụ nke abụọ n'akụkụ vertebrae. A oghere nwere ụzọ ọpụpụ na saịtị nke akwara spinal kanaal na akwara mgbọrọgwụ. The akwara, dị nnọọ iche, rue n'ime spinal kanaal, na-enye ọbara ka akwara mgbọrọgwụ.

paravertebral uru

Ha na-emi odude nso ọkpụkpụ azụ. Ha isi uru - bu na mmezi nke ọkpụkpụ azụ, na ọ bụ omume na-emepụta a dịgasị iche iche nke ụmụ mmadụ mmegharị na iji pan na tilt.

Thoracic vertebra: ya ọrụ

The uru nke spinal kọlụm nwere nnọọ njikọ, n'ihi na ọ na-eme ọtụtụ ihe dị mkpa na ọrụ:

• nchedo (idebe ọgidigi azụ);
• moto (ije nke isi na toso);
• akwụkwọ.

cervical spain

Na mpaghara ebe a, e nwere 7 vertebrae. A mara mma nke akụkụ a - ya agagharị. Ebe a bụ ndị mbụ vertebra Axis na atilasi, nke dị iche na nke ndị ọzọ ụdị Ọdịdị. Na ihu akụkụ nke Axis bụ naanị ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ growths akpọ ezé. Atlanta adịghị egboro ịdị adị nke vertebral ahu. Ọdịdị 2 mejupụtara a ọnụnọ ịṅụ, bụ ebe ndị mbụ bụ n'ihu na ndị ọzọ na - n'azụ. Side kọlụm na-enyere ha ka jikota ọnụ. N'ihi na obere ibu na cervical vertebrae bụ obere.

The mkpa nke n'olu ka ahụ mmadụ

Cervical ngalaba na-eme ka ịrụ ọrụ nke ọtụtụ akụkụ nke ahụ ahụ na-apụghị kwuru banyere ụmụ mmadụ na thoracic vertebrae. Ndị a gụnyere:

• ọdịdị ihu akwara;
• anya, imi na ọnụ;
• elbows;
• thyroid;
• na pituitary gland.

Diseases metụtara na-anaghị ekwe nke na-arụ ọrụ nke cervical vertebrae

The ndepụta nke kwere omume ọrịa dị ka ndị a:

• goiter, nnukwu akụkụ okuku ume na-efe efe;
• Sinusitis, eczema;
• ihe mgbu na nkwonkwo na akwara nke n'ubu;
• laryngitis, akpịrị;
• ibelata n'ọhụụ, ikpe ọdịda;
• isi ọwụwa, runny imi, na ebe nchekwa impairment.

Ihe elu traumatic

olu uzo a na-ewere na-kasị chebaara nile di iche iche nke unan tụnyere ndị spain. Nke a nwere ya nkọwa:

• a obere ọtụtụ;
• muscular corset, nke na-esikwaghị ike, na olu òkè;
• ìhè n'ibu ekweghị ekwe nke vertebrae na ebe.

thoracic spain

E nwere dị 12 vertebrae, nke na-mmasị ka ozu ndị ọgịrịga. Ǹgụ kpụrụ vertebrae na n'ọnụ na njikọ sternum. Ọkpụkpụ mmasị naanị 10 abụọ nke ọgịrịga, ebe ndị ọzọ ịnọgide na-free.

Ọ bụrụ na appreciable abawanye mara na spinal riiji, mgbe ahụ, ntọt ke size na vertebral ozu. E nwekwara adị ọzọ costal olulu. Mgbe mgbe, otu vertebra a hụrụ na e nwere abụọ poluyamok, onye elu na ndị ọzọ na - na ala.

Thoracic vertebra: isi Njirimara

A mara mma nke ọkpụkpụ azụ ebe bụ na ọ bụ na-adịghị ejekwa. Weere na ibu ya fọrọ nke nta negligible. Otú ọ dị ǹgụ-eme dị ka isi ihe na-akwado obi. Nọmalị, a na akụkụ nke azụ ga-abụ yiri nke akwụkwọ ozi "C", na roundness na-eduzi azụ. Dị ebe a maka intervertebral diski e ji obere elu. Nke a bụ ihe mere na mbenata na-atụgharị atụgharị nke ndị dị otú a ebe. Ke adianade do, ịta nke agagharị draịva enyere elongate ọkpụkpụ azụ na spinous Filiks. Ọ nwere udi nke taịl nile.

Ọrịa nke thoracic region

Nke a nkewa nwere spinal kanaal, nke dị warara. Originators nke omume nke mkpakọ nke vertebrae nwere ike ịghọ a nnukwu guzobere. Ndị a gụnyere:

• hainia;
• dị iche iche na etuto ahụ;
• osteophytes.

Ọ bụrụ na e nwere a spain mmerụ

Mgbaji ọkpụkpụ nke thoracic vertebrae - mebiri n'ime anatomical ike n'ezi ihe nke spain, Bilie mgbu, na-elekwasị anya na merụrụ ahụ na saịtị, na deformation nke spinal riiji na merụrụ ahụ ebe. Ke adianade do, bụ ọzịza nke adụ anụ ahụ aghara na mkpa na-arụ ọrụ nke pelvic akụkụ na aka na ụkwụ. Otu onye dị otú mkpakọ fractures pụrụ.

Gịnị bụ nke a

Mkpakọ mgbaji ọkpụkpụ nke ndị thoracic vertebra abịakọrọ. N'ihi ya, ndị dị otú ahụ mmerụ bụ n'ihi nke mkpakọ nke ọkpụkpụ azụ, ebe vertebrae mgbe ịkụ, ka unsolder na esisịt. Ọtụtụ mgbe na-ata ahụhụ si n'etiti na ala akụkụ nke lumbar na thoracic.

Ọ bụrụ na a onye nāda site na a elu ma ọ bụ weturu sharply, na ọkpụkpụ azụ ehuda aak, na-eduga a ngwangwa ojuju na muscle uka na budata enwekwu mgbali na n'ihu ebe nke ọkpụkpụ azụ.

Ma, ndị kasị ibu ibu ebe-enweta ihe nkezi thoracic ngalaba. N'ihi nke-uku na n'ahụ ihe nke ekwedo nke ọkpụkpụ azụ na-egosi nkpirikpi mkpakọ, na dị ka a pụta - mgbaji ọkpụkpụ nke thoracic vertebra.

spinal lesion ogbo

Mkpakọ mgbaji ọkpụkpụ nwere ike kere atọ etoju nke ike, na-ekpebi size nke deformation nke vertebral ahu. Ọ bụrụ na gburu site spinal kọlụm na 1st ogbo, ogologo nke ya toso vertebrae na-belata 1/3, mgbe 2nd egosi - 1/2, na ọbụna na-atọ Mbelata bụ ihe karịrị ọkara.

Abụkarị mmebi Category 1 na-atụle ga-mgbe nile, na 2nd na 3rd - ejighị n'aka, nke dị iche agile enweghị nchịkwa vertebrae. Mebiri nwere ike ịbụ ma erikwa ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ha na-nso n'etiti obi.

Gịnị bụ ndị na-akpata nke fractures nke spinal riiji

Thoracic vertebrae nwere ezi ekweghị ekwe na ike idi ọkpụrụkpụ n'ibu ibu. Mbibi ike n'ezi emee ya ruru ụfọdụ ihe:

• a nnukwu ego nke nchegbu na-eto eto;
• ọkpụkpụ osteoporosis (Mbelata nke ọkpụkpụ njupụta okwu ndị a na-enweghị calcium na ha mebere atumatu);
• ọnụnọ nke ụkwara nta ma ọ bụ metastatic adenomas, na-eduga na ida nke vertebral ahu;
• calcium erughi ke idem (na ụmụ).

Ahụkarị atụmatụ nke spain mgbaji ọkpụkpụ

E nwere onye na ọnụ ọgụgụ na a mkpakọ mmerụ nke thoracic:

• mgbu n'oge ibu na ọkpụkpụ azụ mkpanaka;
• siri ume n'oge na-mebiri emebi;
• nta mgbu na muscle erughị ala na azụ nke ebe mgbaji ọkpụkpụ.

Mmerụ vertebrae na-abụkarị ndị culprits radiating mgbu na saịtị nke afo. Mgbaàmà nke mkpọnwụ na nke ọgba aghara nke pelvis kpughere a ike ọrụ adịkarịghị, nanị mgbe e meriri ara ebe, ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na e spondylolisthesis (Ndahie nke thoracic vertebrae).

Na ikpe nke a mgbaji ọkpụkpụ nke cervical vertebrae hụrụ ọhụrụ ọnọdụ nke isi, nakwa dị ka orunótu nke ya mkpọda, mmegharị, erughị ala nke n'olu uru. Odika ọ bụla atọ mkpakọ mmerụ nke spinal riiji esonyere ndị excitation nke akwara mgbọrọgwụ nke ọgidigi azụ na ya ikpuchi.

Ọ bụ ya mere i kwesịrị iji chebe gị spain si dị iche iche fractures na mberede mmegharị, ka ọ ghara imerụ ahụ thoracic vertebrae.