Chelyabinsk obodo akụkọ ihe mere eme. Day nke obodo nke Chelyabinsk. Uwe nke ogwe aka nke Chelyabinsk

Chelyabinsk - a obodo na enyene 7th ebe Russia okwu nke bi. N'ihi na obodo ebe a na-akpọkarị ámá ka Siberia, nke ziri ezi na-egosipụta ya ọrụ dị ka ihe dị mkpa iga ehiwe na a njikọ n'etiti Russian mpaghara. History nke Chelyabinsk na ya mgbanwe n'ime otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa na ulo oru emmepe nke mba anyị bụ na-akpali onye ọ bụla nwere mmasị na n'oge gara aga nke mba anyị. Ya mere, na isiokwu anyị ga-atụle ya zuru ezu.

History of Chelyabinsk aha

N'oge, ndị kasị ezi uche version a na-ewere, dị ka nke ebe aha-ewepụtara Turkic okwu "Celebi", nke sụgharịta ka "onyeisi" ma ọ bụ "akwụkwọ". E nwekwara otu uche, dabeere na akụkọ nke ụmụ ndị mbụ biri na ebe e wusiri ike Chelyaba, aha ya bụ n'ihi otú tract, ie. E. "Silәbe" ( "ịda mbà n'obi") na Bashkir. The ọhụrụ version of n'ụzọ na-egosi na ndetu ma ama ochie German njem Ioganna Gmelina, bụ onye na Chelyabinsk ebe siri ike na 1742.

ntọala

The mkpa a wusiri ike dị na ókè-ala nke Urals na Siberia, ụbọchị laghachi mmalite nke XIX narị afọ.

Eze, ọ na-chere na okobot afọ nke Chelyabinsk - 1736 nke. Ọ bụ mgbe na ebe isi Bashkir obodo Chelyaba Colonel Ai Tevkelev (Kutlu Muhammad) tọrọ Russian e wusiri ike. Ọ malitere na-wuru na nkwenye nke ala nwe Tarkhan Taymasov Shaimova. Nke a bụ ihe mere na oge na-aga, ndị Bashkirs ewepuru site na tax-akwụ ụgwọ ụtụ isi. Mgbe e mesịrị, na-ewu management Chelyabinsk wusiri ike e nyere na-Major J. Pavlutsky, nke, dị ka ụfọdụ akụkọ, a afọ ole na ole mbụ, na nnọchite nke iwu, na-achọ ebe a na-na obodo tọrọ ntọala ụwa.

Ke akpa ọkara nke XVIII narị afọ

Dị ka ekwuola, na 1742 Chelyabinsk (akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obodo nwere ọtụtụ ihe ijuanya eziokwu) gara I. G. Gmelin. Ọ bụ nke mbụ na nkọwa nke e wusiri ike. Dị ka akwụkwọ a, ọ dị na ndịda n'usọ osimiri Miyass, na yiri Miyasskuyu na e wusiri ike plan, Otú ọ dị, nnukwu. N'otu oge ahụ, o nwere naanị a osisi mgbidi nke kpatara osisi, ọ bụla nke nwere a ogologo banyere 60 fathoms (160-170 m).

N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1748 na Chelyabinsk malitere ewu nke mbụ nkume chọọchị, nke ghọrọ isi katidral nke Iset n'ógbè. N'oge na-adịghị, obodo malitere mụbaa ifịk ifịk, na e nwere ndị dị iche iche ọha oru.

Na nkera nke abụọ nke XVIII narị afọ

Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị dị ịrịba ama mere ná ya akụkọ ihe mere eme mere na 1774, bụ afọ gọvanọ A. Veryovkin ike idi a nọchibidoro Pugachev. Ma mgbe ọnwa ole na ole ihe ndị nnupụisi ahụ ike abanye na Chelyabinsk na mesoo ndị ọchịchị. Ntọhapụ nke ndị obodo nyeere General IA Dekolong rutere na reinforcements.

Ọ bụrụ na i nwere mmasị na ihe okobot afọ nke Chelyabinsk, dị ka a obodo, nke a 1781-nke - 45 afọ mgbe ntọala nke e wusiri ike. Ọ na-ada nke ukwuu oge na Bashkir obodo na a nkera ghọọ a nnukwu mmezi. Nke a bụ eziokwu akara awarding ya ọnọdụ asị obodo. Ke adianade do, iwu nke Catherine abụọ uwe e mma Chelyabinsk na nke ala nke ọta e sere a n'ógbè kwajuru camel.

Na 1788, Chelyabinsk bụ a zuru ụwa ọnụ omume: a otu nke dọkịta, edu S. Andrievskiy, ọ mụụrụ anthrax mgbaàmà, nyere ya aha ka a na ọrịa, na mepụtakwara a ọbara na-echebe megide oria.

Na XIX narị afọ

The ọhụrụ na narị afọ ndị ji mmepe nke ahia na crafts. Ruru ya ala ọnọdụ na ọnọdụ na omenala adọkpụ ụzọ gasị (uwe nke ogwe aka nke Chelyabinsk bụ a echiche nke eziokwu a) na n'etiti XIX narị afọ, obodo guzosie ẹka a-eduga ọnọdụ na ahia ngosi nke Urals. Otú ọ dị, ya ngwa ngwa ibu mere mgbe 1892. Ọ na-aka na ẹkụre ụgbọ okporo ígwè, nke ejikọrọ Chelyabinsk na European anāchi achi nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu. Ọ maara na-etinye aka Alexander atọ, nke agabiga na mbụ chọrọ oru ngo na-agụnye a ụgbọ okporo ígwè site na Kazan - Yekaterinburg - Tyumen uzo obodo. Ebe ọ bụ na 1892, Trans-Siberia Railway e akp n'ihu n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ. Nyere nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè Ekaterinburg na 1896 mee ka ihe arụ Chelyabinsk eduga ọnọdụ na ubi nke inter-mpaghara ahia. Ịpụta ihe ọ na-ekwu na a afọ ole na ole, ndị obodo ahịa bụ onye mbụ n'ime Russia na okwu nke azụmahịa nke zuo / ire achịcha, na nke abụọ - nke ahia dị tii.

Chelyabinsk ka mmalite nke XX narị afọ

N'afọ 1897, Chelyabinsk bi banyere 20 000 ndị. Na nke a, ọ chọpụtara a nkọ abawanye, nke e jikọtara ya na ntoputa nke ọhụrụ niile gburugburu n'ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè (ọmụma zuru ezu banyere ihe a pụrụ ịchọta site na ịga na ngosi nka nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obodo nke Chelyabinsk).

Parallel a, obodo modernized na meghere ụlọ akwụkwọ dị iche iche ubi, dị ka ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị okpukpe, ụmụ nwanyị progymnasium, a oru akwụkwọ, ahia akwụkwọ, etc .. Railway Club na Ndị mmadụ House na-wuru. Na ebe nke ndi oru itumgbere ahia, na Chelyabinsk, e nwere ihe 1500 azụmahịa na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta iche, ngụkọta kwa afọ ntụgharị nke banyere 30 nde rubles. Mgbe niile na-emeghe ahia itieutom na ọtụtụ ndị mba ọzọ ụlọ ọrụ aka ke esenyịn nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu na àjà ihe ọṅụṅụ n'oge a oge igwe na akụrụngwa.

Maka ngwa ngwa Ọnọdụ nke mmepe na accelerated uto nke Chelyabinsk (akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obodo ke XVIII-XIX ọtụtụ narị afọ n'ihu n'elu), ọbụna bịara mara Zauralskaya Chicago. Ugbua site 1910 afọ nke itoolu obodo bi okpukpu atọ, na site 1917-nke - ụba 70 000 ndị.

History of Chelyabinsk n'oge revolutionary ihe ndị mere na mbụ afọ nke Soviet ike

Mgbe October 1917 na obodo, dị ka ndị fọdụrụ nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu, bụ na a oké ifufe nke ihe. Dị ka chekwara akụkọ ihe mere eme akwụkwọ na ndị ji anya ike nke Ọrụ 'Councils ẹkenam bụghị nanị udo, ma site na ike nke ogwe aka.

Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na otu akụkọ ihe mere eme sayensị na ọ na-chere na a na-ọnụ ọgụgụ agha obodo tiwapụrụ May 14, 1918, mgbe nnupụisi nke Czechoslovak agha na w / e. Chelyabinsk ojii. Ọbụna ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na akwusighi, obodo nọgidere na-ịzụlite. Karịsịa, na 1918, na-etinye n'ime ọrụ Chelyabinsk mbuli, nke bụ na-egwu a dị oké mkpa ọrụ na huu ógbè ọka.

Site n'etiti 1919 na Chelyabinsk kpamkpam weghachiri eweghachi na-kere a ọchịchị ọhụrụ, na ọ ghọrọ n'ógbè center, na mgbe e mesịrị na September 3, 1919 - district.

Na tupu-agha oge

Ná mmalite 1934, Chelyabinsk region e hiwere site na mkpebi nke Central Executive Kọmitii. The obodo ghọrọ ya ndutịm center, na 1937 alagbụrụkwaara renaming Kaganovichgrad.

N'otu oge ahụ, ọ dịghị mgbe ihe a oge kwụsịrị ulo oru mmepe nke Chelyabinsk. Ịpụta ihe ọ na-ekwu na ọ bụrụ na site na 1919 na obodo e nwere nanị 2 ụlọ ọrụ site ná mmalite nke 1930 e malitere ịrụ ọrụ abrasive, traktọ, ferroalloy, igwe-ngwá ọrụ na zinc osisi.

Great Agha Ịhụ Mba n'Anya

N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ Chelyabinsk (akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obodo na njedebe nke XX narị afọ na ọ ga-gwara e mesịrị) rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa na huu ndị agha na-armored ugbo ala.

Site nnọọ ná mmalite nke agha obodo natara ọtụtụ narị puku ndị evacuees. N'ihi ya, Chelyabinsk bi ka toro site 2.5 ugboro, na-eru 630.000 ndị mmadụ. Na ndabere nke ihe karịrị mmadụ 200 kpọpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ, site asọkọta ọnụ na obodo ọrụ e ulo oru Refeyim CHKPZ, CMP, ChTPZ. Ke adianade do, site na 1941 ruo 1945, Chelyabinsk (akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obodo n'oge a - ọ bụ akụkọ nke uka oru heroism of Soviet ndị mmadụ) ghọrọ oche nke Ndị mmadụ Commissars nke tank ụlọ ọrụ, mgbọ, ọkara igwe-ụlọ na ike.

N'oge a, e nwere a njikọ ikike nke obodo traktọ factory kpọpụrụ Kharkov engine-ụlọ na Leningrad Kirov Plant. Nke a ga-eduga na mmepụta nke tankị T-34, na ndekọ oge. N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ 60 puku dizel engines maka ọgụ esoro armored ụgbọala ha na-emepụta na Chelyabinsk. Ke adianade do, na osisi aha ya bụ Kolyuschenko mụtachara mmepụta nke ama "Katyusha". Enterprises nke Chelyabinsk na 1941-1945-m karị imepụta na dizel engines, mgbọ, ọkụ na ngwá maka armored ugbo ala, akụkụ maka VMS na tank ụgbọala na ndị ọzọ na ngwaahịa mkpa maka mmeri.

mgbe agha,

Mgbe emeri Chelyabinsk ghọrọ soplaya nke ígwè, na ngwá na manpower iji weghachi Donbass, Stalingrad, na ndị ọzọ Dniproges ebibi niile na mkpa na ulo oru na ike akụrụngwa nke mba anyị.

Na 1947, e mma site obodo mmepe plan. Dị ka a n'ihi nke ya, mmejuputa iwu, ọhụrụ agbata na ulo oru osisi.

Site 1960, obodo abawanyele n'ike n'ike na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke oru nke elu-akụziri, na na 1976 ọ meghere CSU, onye ghọrọ mbụ oge gboo mahadum South Ural.

Karịsịa ulo oru mbo, ibu ke Chelyabinsk e dere ná mmalite '80s, mgbe ụlọ ọrụ were a-eduga ọnọdụ na mmepụta nke igwe anaghị agba nchara ọjà, ferroalloys na ụzọ ụgbọala.

The obodo mepụtara na ọdịbendị. Karịsịa, na 80s e e meghere a ọhụrụ ụlọ nke Drama Ụlọ ihe nkiri na 1200 oche, a ulo nke ime-ulo na ngwa music, geological ngosi nka na ncheta "Ke ụzọ ọhụrụ" na Kurchatov.

The oge a oge

Nkera nke mbụ nke "swashbuckling" 90s ghọrọ oge siri ike maka Chelyabinsk, dị ka akara site na odida nke ụlọ ọrụ, na-abụghị ugwo ụgwọ ọnwa na n'okpuru-ego mmemme na-elekọta mmadụ okirikiri. Ọ dabara nke ọma, nke a ọnọdụ kere a dịtụ mkpirikpi oge, ma site na njedebe nke a afọ iri, obodo maliteghachiri mmepụta ọrụ na ọtụtụ mills na ụlọ mmepụta ihe na bịara n'ụwa ahịa. Recovery ka a hụworo ndị ọzọ ebe. Karịsịa, zoo e meghere ke 1996. N'afọ 2004, ndị mere n'okporo ámá ndị Chelyabinsk replenished na a ọhụrụ na peeji nke, dị ka ma ama Kirovka ghọrọ na-agafe agafe ma na-a mmasị n'ebe na-eje ije njem na bi. Mgbe afọ abụọ gasịrị ọ kwagara-ewu ụlọ ọhụrụ nke State Historical Museum of Southern Urals meghere a ọhụrụ ụlọ, na na 2009 - na ice arena "traktọ", nke oche 7500 nkiri.

Site maara nke ọma ihe mere na Chelyabinsk iri gara aga, ọ bụ omume na-mara na ọdịda nke meteorite, mgbe site n'ume mebiri emebi 7320 ụlọ.

Day nke obodo nke Chelyabinsk

Na 2016, a ezumike pụrụ iche. Mgbe niile, ndị obodo na-eme ememe ya 280th ncheta! Chelyabinsk ụbọchị si September 10 ebube ememe na ndiife ememme. Total ẹkenịmde 60 ihe. Ya mere, otú dabara ha niile na 24 awa omume, ememme ahụ gbasaa n'elu ọtụtụ ụbọchị na e gara site ọtụtụ nke isi obodo nke kpakpando.

Ugbu a na ị maara ihe na-akpali mere n'obodo Chelyabinsk. Taa, ọ bụ otu n'ime ulo oru Refeyim nke mba anyị na-elepụ anya n'ihu na obi ike.

Ọ bụrụ na i nwere mmasị na akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala nke Chelyabinsk, jide n'aka na gaa n'obodo ebe gị ịmata ga na-enwe mgbe ịga ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na mingle na obodo.