Club mosses, horsetails, ferns Ọdịdị iche. Dị ka onye na-eji horsetails, club mosses na ferns?

Club mosses, horsetails, ferns otu mejupụtara mbụ terrestrial osisi. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ha bilie ihe karịrị 400 nde afọ gara aga, ndị a na osisi na-pụtara nile n'oge a. Ọdịdị nke ahụ osisi mosses, horsetails na ferns, karịsịa ha metabolic na ndu uru ga-atụle isiokwu anyị.

Ụzọ ọpụpụ osisi na ala

E nwere a nchepụta nke na ihe niile dị ndụ ntule, gụnyere osisi na-kpatara na aquatic gburugburu ebe obibi. The mbụ n'ime ha bụ algae. N'ime oge ahụ, gburugburu ebe obibi na ọnọdụ gbanwere budata, na algae nwere emegharị idi ogologo oge nke oké ọkọchị. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ha nyere ịrị elu nke mbụ n'ala osisi. Ọbụna a ọmụmụ ụlọ akwụkwọ nke botani ferns, horsetails, club mosses (klas 6) na-emeso dị ka ụmụ afọ n'ala.

An nwuchapu ìgwè nke mbụ n'ala osisi ndị nnọchiteanya nke Department Rhyniophyta. Ha ala Ome na-yipụ epupụta na gbara mkpị alaka. Kama Rhyniophyta mgbọrọgwụ nwere rhizoids nke mmasị ka mkpụrụ.

Club mosses, horsetails, ferns - elu spore osisi

Modern spore osisi nwere a ihe mgbagwoju na ọkaibe Ọdịdị. Club mosses, horsetails, ferns, dị ka ndị òtù nile nke taxonomic otu, kpụrụ ndị a anụ ahụ. N'ihi ọdịdị ha, ma na-ekwe omume ohere ala osisi. Anụ ahụ na-etolite akụkụ: mkpọrọgwụ ma pulite. A bụ isi ihe dị iche ha ala osisi na iso nke pụrụ iche na mkpụrụ ndụ.

Amụba nke ndị a ntule emee site asexual mmeputakwa nke mkpụrụ ndụ - spores. Ozugbo na ala, ha asiaha.

The echiche nke ndụ okirikiri

All elu spore osisi na-abịa a mgbagwoju ndụ okirikiri. Nke a bụ oge n'etiti abụọ yiri n'ụzọ nke mmepe. Ọ ana achi achi continuity nke ndụ nke a na-umu. The ndụ okirikiri nke spore osisi hụrụ eri oké nri nke ọgbọ - mmekọahụ na asexual. mgbe ụfọdụ ha na si dị iche na onye ọ bụla ọzọ anya.

Osisi, na nke spores na-guzobere, bụ asexual emana. Ọ na-kpagburuibe na bryophytes. Ọ na-etolite site spores onye mmekọahụ ọgbọ - gametophyte. Isi iche club mosses, horsetails na ferns bụ ya predominance.

Tụlee ọ bụla nke ngalaba nke elu spore osisi ihe zuru ezu.

ngalaba Lycopsida

Nke a Evergreen herbaceous osisi na-eto eto na keguru mmiri ebe. N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu, ha na-perennial. Lycopodium ka na-akpụ akpụ ị ga na gbara mkpị alaka. Ha na-n'ịnyịnya na a gburugburu obere epupụta.

Root usoro na-etolite ọzọ mgbọrọgwụ radiating kpọmkwem site ị ga. na flakes nke na-gbanwetụrụ epupụta Na oge ịse Atụmatụ. Ha na-emi odude ozu asexual mmeputakwa - sporangia.

Avilable horsetails

Modern ụdị horsetails nwekwara a perennial ogwu. E ji mara ha mma bụ a doro anya nkewa nke ụzọ mgbapụ na ọnụ na-mmasị toothed epupụta. Ke ukot, ha na-eto ọnụ, akpụ a ụdị ikpu. The ọnụ na-ndokwa izi anụ ahụ na mkpụrụ ndụ, n'ihi na nke uto nke horsetail intercalated n'ịdị elu. Underground rhizome ahụ horsetails ekewaa site interstices. photosynthesis ọrụ nke ndị a osisi na-eburu a ribbed azuokokoosisi. Inside na ọ bụ a otutu cavities jupụtara na mmiri na oxygen.

Sporophyte horsetails bụ a green Ome na anya dị ka obere nwa pines. A gametophyte dị iche iche na nwere n'ụdị a green efere. Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị ahụkarị ụdị a ngalaba - horsetail - nwere ihe abụọ na ụdị Ome. The mbụ a na-akpọ mmiri, ọ bụghị ike na-ebu photosynthesis na bụ tụụrụ spikelets. Summer, green - vegetative.

General e ji mara nke fern

Gịnị bụ ihe dị iche nke horsetail ferns na akpaetu? Azịza ya doro anya. Nke a ngalaba bụ ihe kasị ọtụtụ ma iche iche, na ya n'oge a na-anọchite anya nwere a ihe mgbagwoju anya Ọdịdị karịa horsetails na club mosses. N'etiti 10,000 umu hụrụ na a nyere oge, e nwekwara herbs na osisi, na osisi.

Group ravnosporovyh fern ọkọnọ aquatic ndụ - a Salvinia natans na marsilea quadrifolia. Ha na-free na-anọ n'elu ozu mmiri na a obere ugbu a. Na ogbe ekesa mmiri fern azolla nke Nleta symbiosis na cyanobacteria, ike banye ikuku nitrogen.

Heterosporous ferns na-eto eto na ooh na Come ọhịa. Ha ahụkarị nnochite anya bụ Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris nwoke, nwaanyị-fern na ndị ọzọ na umu.

Ọ bụ ihe ndị a dị ịtụnanya osisi na-aga a akụkọ nke chọtaworo na Ivana Kupala n'abalị fern ifuru ga-nyere na ihe ịtụnanya onyinye - ịmụta ịghọta asụsụ nke ihe niile dị ndụ. Otú ọ dị, si ele ihe anya nke usoro ndu na bụ ekwe omume. Higher spore osisi, gụnyere ferns adịghị etolite okooko osisi na mkpụrụ osisi.

Dị ka onye na-eji horsetails, club mosses na ferns

Higher spore osisi ogologo nwere a niche na ọdịdị na ndụ mmadụ. Ferns bụ akụkụ nke a ukwuu nke osisi obodo, na-eji ike Okirikiri ala na ihe ndozi dị ka ọgwụ osisi. Ma ndị kasị mkpa nke osisi na ọdịdị bụ guzobere bara uru mineral - coal.

N'oge ochie, niile spore bu ibu osisi. Otmiraya ha Kporo n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke oxygen ụkọ na elu nsogbu n'ala n'ígwé ghọọ carbon.

Dị ka onye na-eji horsetails, club mosses na ferns, ị nwere ike mfe were ihe atụ nke na nkà mmụta ọgwụ. All n'ime ha bụ ndị bara uru ọgwụ osisi. Ka ihe atụ, horsetail nwere hemostatic na mamịrị. Otu n'ime ihe ndị na-anọchite anya nke Department Lycopsida - Baranez nkịtị - na-eji ihe dị ka ụzọ mbuso aṅụrụma.

The spores nke ndị a osisi ogologo e ji mee ihe maka imewe nke pyrotechnics. Na ọgwụ ụlọ ọrụ na-eji maka club mosses obsypaniya mbadamba na maka imewe nke nwa ntụ ntụ.

Isi uru nke elu spore osisi ka idu ke guzobe coal. Nke a bụ a bara uru ịnweta ego dịwo anya ihe dị mkpa isi iyi nke ike, ebe ọ bụ na a nnukwu ego nke okpomọkụ mgbe ọkụ. Electric utilities na ọtụtụ mba dabere na nke a akụrụngwa.

N'ihi ya, club mosses, horsetails, ferns na a otu nke elu spore osisi, nke na-n'ọtụtụ ebe, na-anọchi anya minerals na oge ochie umu. Ha bụ ndị mbụ na-abịa ka ala ahu, nke e mere ka o kwere omume ekele ntoputa nke ọzọ elu atụmatụ nke ihe owuwu: nsụkọrọ na akụkụ.