Cranial irighiri akwara, 12 na abụọ: Mmebe, table ọrụ

The akwara pụtara na ụbụrụ na inyịme si na ya, na nkà mmụta ọgwụ na-kọwaa dị ka cranial ma ọ bụ cranial irighiri akwara (12 na abụọ). Ha innervate glands, mọzụlụ, anụ na ihe ndị ọzọ na akụkụ dị na isi na olu, nakwa dị ka na abdominal na thoracic cavities.

Ka okwu taa banyere ndị di na nwunye na ndị imebi ndị na-ebilite ha.

Types of cranial akwara

Onye ọ bụla nke si na abụọ nke irighiri akwara na-denoted site a Roman onuogugu site na nke mbụ na-nke iri na abụọ, dị ka ha na ọnọdụ na isi nke ụbụrụ. Ha na-dị na ndị na-esonụ iji:

1) olfactory;

2) spotting;

3) oculomotor;

4) ngọngọ;

5) trigeminal;

6) mee;

7) iru;

8) anụ;

9) glossopharyngeal;

10) wagharịrị;

11) extensions;

12) sublingual.

Ndị a gụnyere autonomic efferent na afferent emep uta eri na ha cores na-dị na isi awọ okwu nke ụbụrụ. Dabere na mejupụtara nke akwara ozi, niile cranial irighiri akwara (12 na abụọ) na-ekewa n'ime sensory, moto na weere. Ka anyị tụlee ha na nke a.

chebaara umu

Nke a na-agụnye olfactory, visual na auditory irighiri akwara.

The olfactory akwara bụ Filiks na na-na ọ dịghị òkè mucosa. Malite na gọzie gị uji eze, na ha gafee okporo efere na ndị kwesịrị ekwesị na olfactory bọlbụ, bụ ebe ndị mbụ neuron agwụ na-amalite Central ụzọ.

Spotting ụzọ mejupụtara esiwọrọ inyịme si retinal cones na mkpara. All ndị irighiri akwara na-akụkụ nke otu gbọmgbọm na cranial oghere. Mbụ, ha na-etolite a ngafe, mgbe ahụ, optic tract, ụbụrụ azuokokoosisi circumferential eriri optic na-enye onyinye emmepe. Na otu akwara na-agụnye banyere otu nde emep uta eri (axons nke akwara ozi nke retina) na, ke adianade do, ọ mejupụtara otu n'èzí ikpu, ka ndị ọzọ - n'ime. Akwara abatakwa cranium site visual ọwa.

Nke asatọ ụzọ cranial irighiri akwara na-anụ - 12 na abụọ nke ndị ọzọ, na mgbakwunye na atọ ndị a bụ ndị nke moto ma ọ bụ mbuaha. Na auditory akwara ozi na-eduzi site n'etiti ntị nuclei. Na nke ọ bụla n'ime ha abatakwa vestibular na cochlear mgbọrọgwụ. Ha na site n'etiti ntị ma bụ n'ime cerebellopontine n'akuku.

moto ụdị

Na ọzọ ìgwè nke 12 na abụọ nke cranial irighiri akwara na-oculomotor, ngọngọ, ọzọ, sublingual na tinyekwa irighiri akwara.

The atọ na ụzọ, i.e. oculomotor irighiri akwara nwere autonomic, moto, na parasympathetic emep uta eri. Ha na-ekewa n'ime elu na nke ala alaka. Na na elu alaka moto otu. Ha bụ akụkụ nke muscle na-akpọlite ndị nkuchianaya.

Iji na-esonụ na-agụnye na-egbochi ndị irighiri akwara na-eduga anya ịkwaga. Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụnyere niile cranial akwara - 12 na abụọ - a bụ ndị kasị siri. Ha na-adabere na ntọala na tegmentum, mgbe ahụ, envelop ụbụrụ na esiwe na-eduzi n'ime orbit, innerviruya elu oblique muscle of apple anya.

Abducens iko iduzi anya muscle. Ha nwere a moto isi na onu. Na-apụta nke ụbụrụ, ha na-zigara ndị ka elu orbital fissure, innerviruya e anya aka nri uru.

Ọzọ akwara sitere si medulla oblongata na cervical ebe nke ọgidigi azụ. The onye mgbọrọgwụ jikọọ otu okporo inyịme site onu bụ divisible site mpụga na esịtidem alaka. Esịtidem alaka, nke nwere esiwọrọ aka ke innervation nke ogwooro na pharynx, ọ bụ mmasị na vagus akwara.

Na ndị ikpeazụ nke 12 na abụọ nke cranial irighiri akwara (Isiokwu nke maka na mma na-dị na njedebe nke isiokwu) metụtara ndị moto, bụ ndị hypoglossal akwara. The a si malite akwara bụ cerebrospinal. Ma, ka oge na-, ọ kpaliri azụ n'ime okpokoro isi. O doro anya na ọ bụ moto akwara nke asụsụ. Roots iputa si medulla oblongata wee gafee carotid akwara na-abanye na lingual uru ekewa alaka.

mbuaha echiche

Nke a na-agụnye trigeminal, ọdịdị ihu, glossopharyngeal na vagus irighiri akwara. Na mbuaha akwara, ganglia e, ahụ yiri ihe ndị na-ugbu a na spinal, ma ha enweghị n'ihu ma n'azụ mgbọrọgwụ. Ha nwere a moto na sensory eriri ụdị na-esokwa ha na-a nkịtị ogwe. Ọzọkwa, ha pụrụ nnọọ ịbụ gburugburu.

Ịmị 12 dị iche iche na abụọ nke cranial irighiri akwara. N'ihi ya, nke atọ, nke asaa, itoolu na nke iri na abụọ nwere parasympathetic emep uta eri na mmepụta ngalaba na na-eduzi ndị autonomic ganglia. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha mechakwara gbakwụnyeghachi akwụkwọ ụfọdụ alaka, ebe dị iche iche emep uta eri.

The trigeminal akwara nwere ihe abụọ na mgbọrọgwụ, ebe ibu bụ mwute na nta - moto. akpụkpọ innervation nke ha na-eme na okpueze, ntị na agba ebe. Innervation nwekwara captures conjunctiva na anya apple, Dura, mucous - imi na ọnụ, ezé na goms, nakwa dị ka isi akụkụ nke ire.

Trigeminal akwara dị n'agbata ụkwụ cerebellar, n'etiti, na akwa. Fibers ndị chọrọ nlezianya mgbọrọgwụ ganglion tọgbọ na temporal pyramid nso onu ire nke a kpụrụ site ekewa Dura. Ha ejedebe na ntọala nke akwara, bụ nke dị na olùlù na ntọala nke spinal ụzọ, ịnọgide na medulla oblongata, wee zigara ọgidigi azụ. Motor akwara mgbọrọgwụ esiwọrọ sitere si trigeminal ntọala, bụ nke dị na mmiri.

Site ganglion wezuga mkpụrụedemede ukwu, ala agha, na optic akwara. Nke ikpeazụ a na-enwe mmetụta ọsọ ọsọ, na-ekewa nosoresnichny, frontal na dọkatụrụ adọka. Innervation 12 cranial akwara ụzọ abụọ dịgasị bụghị nanị n'etiti onwe ha ụzọ abụọ, ma nkwekọrịta alaka. N'ihi ya, lacrimal akwara innervates mpụta n'akuku nke anya, na-agafe na lacrimal gland secretory alaka. The frontal akwara, karị, na-branched ke ọkpọiso na-enye ya mucosa. Nosoresnichny-enye nwa anya, ọ na-apụ apụ lattice irighiri akwara na innervate gọzie gị mucosa.

Bụ mwute na maxillary akwara inyịme pterygopalatine fossa na palatal-eche ihu n'ihu ihu. Si ya sitere n'elu alveolar irighiri akwara na-aga ezé nke elu agha na-agazu n'agbụ. Akwara na-aga na cheeks nke ganglion irighiri akwara na azụ nke imi ya mucosa na nasopharynx. Akwara ozi bụ ọmịiko na parasympathetic.

Iji a mbuaha ụdị bụ mandibular akwara. Ọ mejupụtara a moto mgbọrọgwụ. Ya sensory alaka-agụnye buccal akwara kpọbata ndị kwesịrị ekwesị mucosal ushno-temporal innervating ikpa ke ụlọ nsọ, na ntị na lingual, nke ọnọde n'ọnụ na azụ okwu. Usụhọde alveolar akwara bụ mbuaha. Na-eje ije na ala agha, ọ na-agwụ ya agba, branching ebe a na akpụkpọ mucosa nke ala egbugbere ọnụ. Alaka na-kegide ha autonomic ganglia:

• ushno-temporal akwara - na ntị na innervate na parotid gland;
• lingual akwara - na ganglion enye innervation na submandibular na sublingual glands.

Ka n'ihu na-agụnye moto na sensory cranial irighiri akwara. Mixed emep uta eri ike mouthfeel. Ụfọdụ esiwọrọ innervate ebe a lacrimal na asọ glands, na ndị ọzọ - na n'ihu abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ire.

Ihu akwara mejupụtara moto emep uta eri, malite na nke mgbago oghere. Nke a na-agụnye n'etiti flavored akwara na parasympathetic emep uta eri. Ụfọdụ Filiks bụ ganglion, n'ihi gustatory emep uta eri nke vagus na glossopharyngeal irighiri akwara. A mmalite na ndị ọzọ asọ na lacrimal nuclei nso moto isi.

Ihu akwara amalite ụmị cerebellopontine n'akuku, wee wee site na ọwa n'ihu auditory meatus. E nwere a eriri na drum, agafe a oghere jikọọ na lingual akwara. Ọ na-agụnye ekpomeekpo na parasympathetic emep uta eri nke iru submandibular ganglion.

The ihu akwara-eche nche na ọkpụkpụ ụlọ nsọ, na ẹkenịmde ke parotid gland, ebe intertwining. N'ihi ya alaka diverging onye ofufe ekara n'ụzọ. N'oge a, ihe niile innervated uru metụtara iṅomi, na ụfọdụ ndị ọzọ. Alaka na n'olu nke ọdịdị ihu akwara alaka n'ime ya subcutaneous muscle.

Glossopharyngeal ụzọ ghọtara innervation lacrimal glands, n'azụ ire òkè, n'ime ntị na pharynx. Motor esiwọrọ sogide stylopharyngeus muscle na detrusor akpịrị na N'ịchọpụta - maka parotid gland na ushnomu ganglion. The nuclei ndị a irighiri akwara, na iche ọzọ nuclei nke bụ 12 na abụọ nke cranial akwara, mere ndokwa na n'olulu - triangle nke vagus akwara.

Parasympathetic emep uta eri na-amalite asọ ntọala. Glossopharyngeal akwara, na-akpụ akpụ efep medulla oblongata n'ebe ndị isi asụsụ. Site ganglion akwara amalite drum enwe parasympathetic esiwọrọ inyịme na nti ganglion. Next, amalite lingual, mindalikovye na pharyngeal irighiri akwara. Lingual akwara innervate ire.

Awagharị ụzọ implements parasympathetic innervation ke afo na obi na olu. Nke a akwara mejupụtara moto na sensory emep uta eri. Ebe a bụ nnukwu innervation. The vagus akwara nwere a sọrọ ya isi:

• dorsal;
• na naanị tract.

Ịhapụ n'azụ olive na olu, ọ na-akwali na neuro-vaskụla ùkwù, wee branched.

ịda iwu

Dysfunctions nwere ike niile na-cranial akwara - 12 di na nwunye. Anatomy nke metụtara ebe na-egosipụta na ọkwa dị iche iche nke cores ma ọ bụ akụ. Iji mee ka a nchoputa, ihe na-omimi analysis of intracranial enweghị nchịkwa Filiks. Ọ bụrụ na ndị lesion emetụta otu akụkụ nke isi, na emep uta eri, o yikarịrị, ọ bụ a mebiri nke ọrụ nke ọ bụla nke na-emetụta 12 abụọ nke cranial irighiri akwara.

Neuroscience ọmụmụ, Otú ọ dị, na ihe mgbaàmà na-abụghị n'akụkụ. Mgbe a chọpụtara na mmebi ụzọ. Ọ na-eme na dysfunction nke irighiri akwara na-ejikọrọ na ọzịza, arachnoid ahu otutu, etuto, vaskụla malformations, na ndị ọzọ yiri Filiks.

The n'otu oge ọnwụ nke 12 na abụọ nke cranial akwara, ya bụ, hyoid na vagus na glossopharyngeal, a bịara mara dị ka ndị bulbar ụbụrụ. Nke a bụ nnọọ ize ndụ ọrịa, ebe ọ bụ na a puru n'ịmụ banyere ọrịa ndị kasị mkpa emmepe nke ụbụrụ azuokokoosisi.

Ihe Ọmụma nke topographic ọnọdụ nke cranial akwara-enye gị ohere kwesịrị ekwesị mata warara òkè nke onye ọ bụla lesion. Kụziere nnyocha, na-agụnye pụrụ iche usoro. Na nke kwesịrị ekwesị na ngwá, taa ọ bụ omume na-ekpughe ihe niile nkọwa nke ala nke fundus, na optic akwara, nchọpụta ubi nke ọhụụ na foci nke ọnwụ. Kọmputa research enye ohere elu-nkenke ịchọta ahụ mebiri emebi ebe.

ophthalmological research

Nke a na Usoro-enye ohere ịchọpụta ụfọdụ na oculomotor, ngọngọ na efferent akwara di na nwunye na-ekpughe ole na locomotor ọrụ eyeballs, exophthalmos ogo ma. Pathology nke visual na auditory akwara nwere ike mere site na ibelata nke Ọwa Mmiri na ọkpụkpụ ma ọ bụ, na Kama nke ahụ, ya ndọtị. Diagnosis ka elu ohere mpere nke orbit, yana dị iche iche oghere okpokoro isi.

Verterbalnaya na carotid angiography

Nke a na usoro nwere uru maka ghọtara vaskụla malformations na intracranial Filiks. Otú ọ dị, ihe ọmụma zuru ezu banyere ihe ndị a ga-enye a na kọmputa tomography. Ọ visualizes cranial akwara Kporo, ịchọpụta akpụ visual na auditory ụzọ na ndị ọzọ pathologies.

rheotachygraphy

Omimi amụ cranial akwara e mere na o kwere omume ekele mmepe nke usoro a. Ọ na-ekpebi na steeti n'amaghi muscular Lonely na ejije ọrụ, mọzụlụ nke ire, adụ okpo ọnụ na ndị ọzọ na mọzụlụ. Electromyography na-enye ohere gbakọọ ọnụego nke na-akwadoghị akwado conduction tinyere Kporo ọdịdị ihu, hypoglossal na ngwa irighiri akwara. Iji mezuo nke a, anyị na-ichoputa ntabi mpiaji omume na-nyere site na trigeminal na ọdịdị ihu akwara.

Akwara ozi nnyocha na mgbaàmà nke ụfọdụ cranial akwara

Nke a na usoro a rụrụ n'ime kpọmkwem iji. Ọ na-amalite na a nnyocha e mere nke olfactory akwara. Cotton ajị tinye na ihe mkpali na-eweta na n'oghere imi alternately. The optic akwara nwalere maka anya ule, adịru, na mgbakwunye na kpọmkwem ihe ọjọọ, enweghị ike ọbụna iji chọpụta nke abụọ mgbanwe. Pathology nwere ike iyi agaghinihu, degenerative, mgbu ma ọ bụ akwara nwere ike-ebibi kpam kpam.

Ọnya-esonụ atọ 12 abụọ nke cranial akwara (oculomotor, trochlear na ịrụzu) na-abụ a na-akpata diplopia na strabismus. Ọ nwere ike na-erukwa elu nkuchianaya ptosis, mydriasis, diplopia.

Abnormalities nke ise ụzọ, ya bụ, na trigeminal akwara, na-eduga na-arịa ọrịa nke uche na nke ihu, ebe ha na-adị. Nke a nwere ike hụrụ na ụlọ nsọ, ọkpọiso na cheekbones, anya, agba na egbugbere ọnụ. Ọ na-eme na-adị n'oké ihe mgbu, e nwere rashes na ndị ọzọ Jeremaya mere. N'ihi na ọdịdị ihu akwara nwere ọtụtụ njikọ, mgbe ahụ, a ụzọ e ji a dịgasị iche iche nke enweghị nchịkwa Jeremaya mere.

Bụrụ na nke mebiri nke auditory akwara na-akawanye njọ na-anụ, glossopharyngeal - isi uche na nke ime ntị, ndị hypoglossal - oke ije asụsụ. N'ihe banyere nke vagus akwara amalite mkpọnwụ nke soft okpo ọnụ na olu ụdọ. Ọzọkwa ya nwere ike ghara ịdị obi n'afọ iri na ụma, respiration, na ndị ọzọ visceral-vegetative ọrụ.

Mgbagwoju ọrịa na cranial irighiri akwara (12 na abụọ): Mmebe, table

Ọrụ nke akwara ozi nwere ike imebi ma naanị na na Nchikota, ọnụ na dị iche iche pathologies nke ala okpokoro isi. Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na niile irighiri akwara na-emetụta na otu akụkụ nke cranial isi, okwu banyere a syndrome Garcin. Mgbe ophthalmic etuto ahụ nke ọkpụkpụ na adụ anụ ahụ emee syndrome elu orbital fissure. Na ọnya na obnyatelnogo na optic akwara ebilite Kennedy syndrome.

Ndị a na ọrịa ndị ọzọ na-ebilite ma na ndị okenye na ụmụaka. Maka ụmụaka karịsịa Ugboro mmebi akwara na na-metụtara malformations.

N'okpuru ebe a bụ ihe owuwu na nke onye nwere ike mma ịghọta otú iji rụọ cranial irighiri akwara (12 na abụọ). Anatomy (table dabeere na ihe ọmụma ya) ga-enyere gị ịnyagharịa intricacies nke ọrụ ha dị iche iche iche iche.

ọgwụgwụ

Anyị anya na niile cranial akwara - 12 di na nwunye. Anatomy of a table ọrụ isiokwu na-egosi na ihe niile cherpno-ụbụrụ irighiri akwara nwere a mgbagwoju Ọdịdị, na-akpachi anya na onye ọ bụla ọzọ. Ma ọ bụrụ na a ọrụ na-emejuputa atumatu na-enwechaghị ma ọ bụ rụrụ na niile, mgbe ahụ, e nwere imebi.

Kwesịrị ịmụta ihe niile ndị cranial irighiri akwara (12 na abụọ) table. Neurology, na iji data, na ekele a pụrụ iche n'oge a na ngwá, mere ịrịba ọganihu ike adọ nchoputa na irè ọgwụgwọ nke ọrịa.