Ncheta Lermontov na Pyatigorsk. Museum-Reserve Lermontov na Pyatigorsk

The mbụ ncheta Mihailu Lermontovu e guzobere Pyatigorsk, na nso nso ebe o we nwua. otú ahụ site na oge ogologo oge gara aga na-reburied si Pyatigorsk, kama obodo, ebe ọ nọrọ ikpeazụ ọnwa nke ndụ ya, na ebe omumu nke ikpeazụ ya poems, abụghị n'efu merie ndị mbụ Lermontov ncheta ke Russia.

"Obi dị m ụtọ na ị na, nkume nke ugwu"

Lermontov ozi ụzọ hụrụ n'anya ugwu, hụrụ n'anya na Caucasus. Kemgbe afọ ndị ahụ mgbe nne m ochie Elizaveta Alekseevna Arseneva ya dị obere na-eweta na mmiri ọkụ, dị ka mgbe a na-akpọ Pyatigorsk. Ọtụtụ chọpụtara nke ọrụ ya bụ lara na Caucasus, ịma mma nke ya agwa. Ikekwe, ọ bụ ya mere na ịhụnanya na-aghọta ha site anyị dị ka mwute. Ebe a Lermontov fated bịara mgbe ya mbụ biri na Nizhny Novgorod Dragoon ndi agha nke na-enupụ isi uri "On ọnwụ nke na-ede uri," na mgbe ahụ, ọ bịara ebe a maka dum n'oge okpomọkụ izu ike. Na ihe mere o ji lọta.

Na-ulo Lermontov na Pyatigorsk, nke o wee si Major Vasiliya Ivanovicha Chilaeva, ka guzo taa. Ugbu a na ọ na-ede uri nke ngosi nka. A ncheta, nke mbụ, Lermontov nadigh anwu anwu na nkume, setịpụrụ na obodo square, nke a na-ulo-ikwū-kpọmkwem tupu oghere. Behind ya - na ụkwụ nke Ugwu Mashuk, ebe July 27, 1841 na a duel biri ndụ nke na-ede uri. Anya ya na-n'elu Elbrus, ebube ọnụ ọnụ ka m hụrụ n'anya na-ede uri nke Caucasus Ugwu. Ncheta Lermontov na Pyatigorsk, nke na-ewepụ a foto na bụla njem nleta onye letara obodo - a nnọchiteanya nke egosi achọghị ọdịmma onwe ịhụnanya maka na-ede uri oke mmụta uche ndị na-oge.

Site na iri atọ ncheta nke na-ede uri ọnwụ

Akụkọ duel Lermontov na aha ya na-egbu mara fọrọ nke nta niile na oge a na Russia. Nke a gwara n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na klas nke nwa afọ okwu, ọ na-e dere na Akwụkwọ. Na aha ndị malitere echichi nke mbụ ncheta ya na onye kere ya, mara ukwuu n'ime ọkachamara dere.

Ọ bụghị ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ malitere usoro nke echichi, aha ha anọwo na ike na-echeta. N'afọ 1870, ndị na-ede uri Peter Kuzmich Martianov bipụtara na magazin "World Work" ndị na-esonụ e: "St. Petersburg na Kronstadt etinye ncheta Kruzenshtern na Bellingsgauzenu, Kiev - Bogdanu Hmelnitskomu na Gụọ Bobrinsky, Smolensk - Glinka, mere Pyatigorsk, ya ọtụtụ puku ndị ọbịa ka mmiri, ọ bụghị ibute ụzọ na-ewu nke ncheta M. YU. Lermontovu? "isi tenant n'oge nke Kọkeshịan Ịnweta Waters Andrew Matveyevich Bajkov akwado echiche nke Martyanova. The initiators nke ìgwè e depụtara aha ọzọ - Aleksandr Andreevich Vitman, a dọkịta na ikpe ndụmọdụ Pyatigorsk. Bikes na Whitman ịrịọ enyem-aka nke Baron A. P. Nikolai, onye bụ n'oge ahụ Chief nke Kọkeshịan gọvanọ - Grand Duke Mikhail Romanov. Ya mere a afọ mgbe e mesịrị, site n'ọtụtụ aka, ụzọ iru a ncheta Lermontov na Pyatigorsk hụrụ Tsar Alexander II. Ya kasị elu ikike omume natara July 23, 1871, ihe fọrọ nke nta a ụbọchị nke iri ncheta nke na-ede uri ọnwụ.

Puku rubles a penny

Na nzaghachi, ndị eze na-e dere na mgbe ahụ, na ihe n'aka ga-wuru ncheta. Ọ ga gwa ndị "... mmalite nile na Alaeze Ukwu na ndebanye aha na-anakọta onyinye a ncheta." Ọ ozugbo melite a kọmitii iji nweta ego, na Ministry of Finance malitere ndebanye nke onyinye.

The mbụ natara abụọ na-amaghị nkịtị nke Taurian n'ógbè. Ọ bụ abụọ rubles. Ma n'oge na-adịghị wee malite ịnata onyinye si n'ebe nile. Ụfọdụ ichekwa esịne ke akụkọ. Dị ka ihe atụ, a ego maka a puku rubles - a otutu ego na afọ ndị - zitere Prince Alexander Illarionovich Vasilchikov mbụ Lermontov nke abụọ na na fateful duel. Fedor Mihaylovich Dostoevsky akwụ ụgwọ na ego nke otu penny si ụfọdụ ukara Mishchenko bụ ya mere iwe na ọbụna kọwara ihe a merenụ ka a ịdọ aka ná ntị n'ọdịnihu. Na eziokwu ahụ bụ na ndị nkịtị oru ugbo Ivan Andreichev kwukwara onyinye a na ruble, ha na-na-kọwara.

Na nnọọ afọ 18, n'oge nke natara ego maka ncheta Lermontov na Pyatigorsk e anakọtara 53 puku 398 rubles na 46 kopecks.

Asọmpi maka ndị kasị mma oru ngo

Site 1881 anakọtara ego bụ ezuru gị n'ihu na oru ngo nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ncheta. Kọmitii maka wụnye ya jisiri merie obodo Pyatigorsk dị ka ebe a na-adịgide adịgide obibi nke ncheta, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ndị òtù nke otu chọrọ ka ya na otu n'ime mmadụ abụọ n'isi obodo, na-ezo aka n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na "Lermontov bụ nke dum Russia", na kama àjà-emeghe a ngosi nka nke Lermontov na Pyatigorsk.

A ngụkọta nke atọ agba nke nhọrọ nke kasị mma oru ngo nke ncheta. Ma mbụ ma ọ bụ nke abụọ agba, na ha e zigara ihe karịrị 120 amụma, na-kpughere na pụrụ iche osisi, nke ga-mma dum Commission. Results nke atọ gburugburu e kwupụtara October 30, 1883. Ọ zitere ya oru 15 contenders, otu nke nọmba 14 na e depụtara ise nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ncheta. Ọ banyere ama na oge nke ọkpụ Aleksandra Mihaylovicha Opekushina, kere afọ atọ tupu mgbe ncheta Alexander Pushkin, onye guzobere na Tverskoy Boulevard na Moscow. Ncheta Lermontov na Pyatigorsk, bụ onye nyere ka Opekushin, dị mfe ikwọ gụnyere nanị ole na ole obere nkọwa, ma nke na-ede bu n'uche bụ na-egosipụta a mkpụmkpụ ma yi ndụ nke na-ede uri. Na echiche nke ọrụ òtù e kuchiri.

A Eserese na a ịbịaru

Oddly ezu, ma nweta a ọla oyiyi nke na-ede uri na ya ihu mesịrị bụrụ abụghị nnọọ mfe ná ndụ. Ọnwụ nkpuchi n'ihi ihe ụfọdụ na-adịghị e wepụrụ Lermontov. N'okpuru a sample nke ya anya Opekushininu nyere a onwe-Eserese nke na-ede uri, nke e dere site na ya na watercolor maka afọ anọ tupu ọnwụ ya, na nwa-nne-pensụl ịbịaru nke Lermontov, Baron D. P. Palena, na-ese na 1840, nke na-ede uri na-ẹwụtde ke profaịlụ.

Great ọrụ mere Aleksandr Mihaylovich Opekushin. Ncheta Lermontov na Pyatigorsk ekemende ghọtara dị ka ndị kasị zie ezie na okwu nke oyiyi na-ede uri. Ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya, ka ọkpụ kere ọtụtụ nghọta Lermontov, tupu na-enye ha ka ha na-atụnyere bi ede uri enyi, otu n'ime ha bụ ya nke abụọ Vasilchikov. Dee na-ihu na họrọ ọkachamara osisi na n'okpuru idu ndú Aleksandra Illarionovicha, tupu ọ na e mma ikpeazụ version of ncheta. Na-ede ga-ọ bụghị nanị na-enye ihe oyiyi a Eserese oyiyi, ma ike nke ukwuu nkà ọrụ nkà, ndị ruru eru nke na-ede uri.

Si Crimea na St. Petersburg - Pyatigorsk

N'ihi ya, na-ede akwụkwọ nke ncheta Lermontov na Pyatigorsk bụghị naanị kere nnọọ oyiyi nke na-ede uri, ma na-atụ aro na ya n'okpuru elu ịbịaru. Bright konkiri slab nwere na-ẹkenịm ke ụdị a nnukwu nkume na nke, iche si lyre, a laurel wreath na a pen, e nweghị ihe ọzọ achọ ihe mma. All nkenke, ma onye ọ bụla nke mmiri na-agba a miri emi atụ pụtara.

Na St. Petersburg, na ọla mgbatị factory "A Moran" nọ na-ajụ na ọla oyiyi onwe ya (elu nke 2 mita 35 sentimita) na-nkọwa nke pedestal ndozi. Mgbe ahụ ọkpụkpụ, mgbe ke Pyatigorsk ngwa ngwa mere ndokwa Square na nọkwasi n'elu ikpo okwu, na-etinye elu na isi obodo maka ọha ikiri.

N'ihi pedestal akpan si Crimea na-ada ka ìhè konkiri boulders - a ngụkọta nke asatọ nkeji. The ebe ncheta ọkpụ ya onwe ya họọrọ ogologo oge tupu ya nwụnye. Nke a kwere organically ejikọta ihe oyiyi nke na-ede uri na gburugburu ogige ebe. Na ya ịbịaru ewuru a pedestal site obodo omenkà. Echichi nke a ọla ọkpụkpụ nke na-ede uri, nke na Pyatigorsk mbụ nye site okporo ígwè, mgbe ahụ na-adọkpụ, o duuru Opekushin, nyeere ya we si nna ukwu nke isi obodo. Ngụkọta elu nke ncheta mgbe echichi bụ 5 mita 65 sentimita.

Kpara okirikiri na okwu na ụkwụ nke Mashuk

Ná mmalite, na oghere nke ncheta e ndokwa maka October 1889. Ma Aleksandr Mihaylovich Opekushin enweghị ike na October na Pyatigorsk, na ọtụtụ ndị ọbịa Waters ga-adị ugbu a dị ịrịba ama ihe omume, ya mere na ụbọchị nke mbụ nke ihe ncheta a kpaliri Sunday 16 August.

E wezụga Opekushin ka onwe-ahụ otú ga-a ncheta Lermontov na Pyatigorsk, ememe wee fọrọ nke nta ka ndị niile so na kọmitii ahụ maka ya echichi, obodo ama, ndị isi nke Office nke Water, ọchịchị obodo, ndị bi agbata na-eme ọbịa. Ọ na-agụ a akụkọ na collection na emefu nke ego, mgbe nke a ncheta na wepụrụ snow-acha ọcha, dị ka n'elu Elbrus, ákwà.

Wreaths nke okooko osisi, silver, metal dina n'akụkụ ụkwụ nke na-ede uri. E nwere ndị ukwu okwu banyere mkpa nke ihe nketa nke na-ede uri nke ndị Russia, March "Lermontov", dere VI Saul, na uri "Tupu ncheta M. YU. Lermontova", na-agụ na-ede akwụkwọ Kostoy Hetagurovym. Ọ na-e-egwuri a obere ibe "Mgbe ncheta Lermontov", dere site Mr. Schmidt.

Naanị Andrei Matveevich Baykova bụ n'etiti ndị a. N'oge a ọ na oké ọrịa, ọ bụ na-eme Merano, na Austria, ebe ọ nọ nwụọ a ọnwa mgbe oghere nke ncheta.

Ndị mbụ na ndị kacha mma taa

The ọla Lermontov, nke anakọtara ego gburugburu ụwa, ọ bụghị naanị ghọrọ ndị mbụ ncheta wuru na-ede uri, kamakwa ndị kasị mma nke nile dị na taa. Ọ na-atụle site art akụkọ ihe mere eme, akụkọ ihe mere eme, dere gosipụta maka a ogologo oge. Ole e wuru mgbe ọhụrụ ncheta, ma ọ na-anọgide otu: kacha mma ncheta Lermontov - Pyatigorsk. Weregodị ya, tinyere ihe oyiyi nke ihe arụnyere na Tverskaya Pushkin, - fọrọ nke nta niile encyclopedias. Na ụkwụ nke na-ede uri na n'ihu nke pedestal na abụọ e dere; na n'elu "M. Lermontov ", ubé n'okpuru -" 16 August 1889 ".

Ọla ihu dị ka Lermontov Site n'ibu uri edoghi, nke bụ ihe na-awụpụ na akwụkwọ, otú o yiri ihe okwu mmụọ. Ma pen bụ inviolable, akwụkwọ dara n'aka nke na-ede uri, na anya ya na-na snow-kpuchie ugwu Elbrus. Behind na azụ - Mashuk. Ọbụna ihe ndị a na-ebu a elu pụtara: n'azụ gara aga n'ihu - mgbe ebighị ebi. N'ihi ya gụnyere oké Russian na-ede uri Lermontov na Pyatigorsk. Photo nke ncheta na ndabere nke aha ọjọọ Mountain maka ọtụtụ ndị njem ọzọ oyiyi nke mara mma ọnụ ọnụ nke Caucasus Ugwu.

House n'okpuru a abụ ụlọ akịrịka

Na May 1841, na-achọ na-emefu a ọnwa ole na ole na ọkacha mmasị gị Pyatigorsk, Lermontov bịara Caucasus. M sụọ ngọngọ na a mfe, ma pụtara nke ọma nọgidere na-enwe n'ụlọ, kpuchie ahịhịa amị, na-ezi Ozizi Elu n'okporo ámá, nke dị ná mpụga obodo. Na a n'ụlọ nwe, a lara ezumike nká Major-Platz VI Chilaev jisiri ikwekọrịta maka 100 silver rubles - nnọọ a bukwanu nchikota, ma ọ na-ekwe ka o nweta ụlọ n'ihi na n'oge okpomọkụ. N'ọnọdụ dị otú a mansion na ọ dị mgbe "biri" ya Pechorin, a n'otu ụlọ ikpeazụ n'ụwa ebe ndị na-ede uri.

Mgbe a na-egbu egbu duel, ogologo oge tupu ụlọ ga-aghọ a ulo-museum of Lermontov na Pyatigorsk lekọta obere banyere n'ụlọ a. Ọtụtụ mgbe gbanwere nwe, onye ọ bụla nke ha soro ya ndokwa, Ọdịdị nwayọọ nwayọọ malitere iju. Ihe mbụ na mere ndị obodo, mgbe iyi egwu nke ida aghọwo nnọọ doro anya - arụpụtara na mmasị mgbidi ncheta marble slab, nke na-ekokwasị ta. Ọ dị nnọọ a okwu ole na ole: "Dom, rue kotorom zhil ede uri M. YU Lermontov". Naanị na 1922, mmụta ọha na eze Pyatigorsk ngalaba nyere nri nke nwe nke ụlọ. N'oge afọ, ọ pụrụ iduga ya kwesịrị ekwesị ụdị maka ngosi nka.

Taa, ọ fọrọ nke nta naanị fọdụrụ-emebibeghị ncheta jikọtara Lermontov. Ebe a, ọ bụghị nanị ụlọ ahụ, ma ụlọ nile na obi bụ otú ndị na 1841 - a pụrụ iche ikpe.

Site Pyatigorsk ndị ezinụlọ na-eli ozu crypt na Tarkhany

Ebe a, n'ulo n'okpuru a abụ ụlọ akịrịka, me on a ezo Tuesday July 27 ozu na-ede uri mgbe duel, n'ihi ya ọ na-rụrụ na nke ikpeazụ, dị ka ha kwere na ụzọ na-eli ozu Pyatigorsk.

Zụlitere Mihaila Lermontova nne nne, Elizaveta Alekseevna Arseneva, ọnwa asatọ mgbe ọnwụ nke nwa nwa ya ọ procured ikike reburial nke na-ede uri na-ebu ozu ndị ezinụlọ ala na ụlọ Tarkhany Penza anāchi achi, ebe ezinụlọ uko ebokwasilari nne ya na nna nna. Ma Lermontov ngosi nka na Pyatigorsk kwukwara onye nwere nke na-ede uri, onye nyere ugboro atọ wepụrụ nwa nwanne nke Mikhail Yurevich - Eugene Akimovna Shang Giray.

The reburial wee ebe na May 5, 1842. Na na mbụ n'ili nke Lermontov na Pyatigorsk na-eli ozu e arụnyere a nkume ihe ncheta, nke na, dị ka ihe ncheta na ulo n'okpuru a abụ ụlọ akịrịka, abịa na ọtụtụ Fans nke ọrụ ya.

Favorite ebe Lermontov na Pyatigorsk

Ọ bụghị nanị na ndị obodo ogige, na ihe ngosi nka mgbagwoju na-eli ozu a gara ọtụtụ ndị njem na Pyatigorsk. E nwere ụfọdụ ndị mara mma n'ebe ugwu, ebe otu mgbe na-ede uri na-enwekwa mmasị ebe hiking ụzọ ụkwụ na-edu ugbu a. N'etiti isi na-adọrọ mmasị - na Grotto nke Lermontov na Pyatigorsk na a mberede Mount Mashuk. E na-ede uri dere na 1837, ndị sere - "View of Pyatigorsk", nke na-egosi na mberede. Ọ, na Lermontov uche, ọ ghọrọ ebe a na-na nzuzo nzukọ Pechorin na Vera.

Ruo mgbe 1831 na ọ bụ na mbụ ugwu n'ọgba, nke awade pụtara echiche nke Pyatigorsk. Mgbe ahụ Bernardazzi ụmụnna (Johann na Josef, obodo na-ewu ụlọ) converted ya n'ime a grotto, oche arụnyere n'ime ya, na ígwè Ogwe ya pụtara naanị na seventies nke XIX narị afọ. The nkedo-ígwè e dere ede "Grotto nke Lermontov" e guzobere 1961. N'obodo na ndị mmadụ ebe a Lermontov okpukpu si na na na na naa.

"Olee sweet song nke ala nna m ..."

Ọtụtụ tour nduzi ga-enwe ike ịga na na Museum-Reserve Lermontov na Pyatigorsk, na ncheta na stele na-eli ozu na ebe nke duel na ụkwụ nke Ugwu Mashuk. Ọtụtụ ndị dị njikere na-aga site na-ede uri si mmasị n'ebe gburugburu obodo, ebe ọ na-eje ije. N'ihi ya, mgbe otu oge mere Leo Tolstoy, Sergey Yesenin, Vasily Shukshin, fọrọ nke nta nke ikpeazụ izu ike ebe nke oké edemede, na-ede uri na artist dị ka ya onwe ya nleta.

Karịsịa jupụtara ebe a na ụbọchị nke na ebe nchekwa nke na-ede uri - na 27 July. N'ịbụ edemede agụ, uda Lermontov si amaokwu. Na ezi mgbe - a chọpụtara: "Olee otú sweet song nke ala nna m, M hụrụ n'anya Caucasus!"