Dielectric - ihe ọ bụ? dielectric Njirimara

Dielectric - a ihe onwunwe ma ọ bụ umi nke n'ụzọ na-adịghị agafe eletriki ugbu a. Dị otú ahụ conductivity a nwetara n'ihi na obere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke electrons na ion. Ndị ahụ na-guzobere na-abụghị na-eduzi ihe naanị mgbe elu-okpomọkụ Njirimara. The eziokwu na ndị dị otú ahụ ihe insulator na a ga-atụle n'isiokwu a.

nkọwa

Onye ọ bụla electronic ma ọ bụ Radiotechnical eduzi, okporo ọkụ ma ọ bụ insulator ebubo agabiga ihe ọkụ ugbu a, ma dielectric mma na ya ọbụna na elu voltaji n'elu 550 V ga ihihi a obere ego nke ugbu a. Electric ugbu a na insulator - ọ bụ ngagharị nke ebubo ahụ na a ụfọdụ direction (nwere ike ebughi).

ụdị okwukwo

Na obi dielectric conductivity bụ:

• Absorption ugbu a - ugbu a nke na-aga na dielectric na a mgbe nile ugbu a ruo mgbe ahụ, ruo mgbe ọ esịmde ihe ịha ala, na-agbanwe agbanwe direction na mgbe ọkọnọ voltaji ya na mgbe disconnecting. Mgbe nwetụ ugbu a siri na dielectric ga-adị ugbu a ya mgbe niile, ọ bụ ka na-electric ubi.
• Kọmputa conductivity - akpụ akpụ electrons n'okpuru nduzi nke ọhia.
• Ionic conductivity - anọchi anya ije nke ion. Ọ dị na electrolyte ngwọta - salts, asịd, ncha, nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ dielectrics.
• Molionnaya conductivity - ije nke ebubo ahụ a na-akpọ molionami. Emi odude ke colloidal usoro, emulsions na suspensions. Molionov onu nke ngagharị na electric ubi a na-akpọ electrophoresis.

Egbochi ihe ihe na-nkewa site na steeti aggregation na chemical okike. The mbụ kewara siri ike, na mmiri mmiri, gaseous na isi ike. Dị ka chemical uwa na-ekewa n'ime organics, inorganics na organometallic ihe.

Conductivity dielectrics ekwu nke aggregation:

• Conductivity, haruru. Na gaseous bekee zuru ezu obere ugbu a conduction. Ọ nwere ike na-eme na ọnụnọ nke free ebubo ahụ, nke pụtara n'ihi na mmetụta nke mpụga na esịtidem ionic na electronic ihe: X-ray radieshon na redioaktivu umu, nkukota nke ụmụ irighiri na ebubo ahụ, kwes ihe.
• Ọdụdọ conductivity nke dielectric ọmụmụ. Dependencies: Ọdịdị nke molekul, okpomọkụ, adịghị ọcha, ọnụnọ nke nnukwu ebubo nke electrons na ion. Conductivity nke mmiri mmiri dielectrics na-adabere na ọnụnọ nke mmiri na-adịghị. Conduction nke eletrik na-kere ihe pola bekee na a mmiri mmiri na dissociated ion. Na atụnyere pola na-abụghị pola oke mmiri, a pụrụ iche uru na mbụ conductivity nwere. Ọ bụrụ na mmiri mmiri doo anya adịghị, ọ ga-eme ka a Mbelata ya na-aga n'ihu ihe onwunwe. Na uto nke conductivity nke mmiri mmiri umi na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ ya ibelata ya viscosity emee, nke na-eduga ụba ion agagharị.
• Solid dielectrics. Ha electroconductivity e mere ka ije ebubo dielectric ahụ na adịghị. Na ike electric ubi ahụrụ ugbu conductivity.

The nkịtị Njirimara nke dielectrics

Mgbe resistivity nke ihe hà na-erughị 10-5 Ohm * m nwere ike ikwu na-eduzi. Ọ bụrụ na ihe karịrị 108 Ohm * m - na dielectrics. E nwere otu ebe na resistivity bụ ọtụtụ ugboro ukwuu karịa ndị na-eguzogide ya na-eduzi. Na nso nke 10-5-108 ohm * m bụ a okporo ọkụ. Dara onwunwe - magburu onwe-eduzi nke eletriki ugbu a.

Nke dum oge table nke ọcha, nanị 25 ndị na-abụghị ọla, na nke 12 nke ha ga-eleghị anya na okporo ọkụ Njirimara. Ma, n'ezie, ma e wezụga n'ihi na table nke bekee, a ka nwere ọtụtụ alloys, ikwọ ma ọ bụ chemical ogige na-eduzi ihe onwunwe, okporo ọkụ ma ọ bụ dielectric. Ntem, ọ bụ ike na-ebu ụfọdụ dị iche iche bekee agbụ nke ha resistances. Ka ihe atụ, belatara okpomọkụ na-akpata okporo ọkụ ga na-akpa àgwà dị ka dielectric.

ngwa

The ojiji nke na-abụghị na-eduzi ihe bụ nnọọ ọtụtụ, ọ bụ otu nke popularly na-eji ọmụmụ nke eletriki mmiri. Ọ nnọọ anya na ha nwere ike jiri Njirimara nke nọ n'ọrụ na n'ezinụlọ ụdị.

Na n'ezinụlọ ụdị dielectric Njirimara na-eji maka ngwa ke electrically egbochi ihe onwunwe.

Na-arụsi ọrụ ike ụdị, ha na-eji a ferroelectric na ihe technology maka laser emitters.

isi dielectrics

N'ihi ugboro ugboro aa umu-agụnye:

• Glass.
• Rubber.
• Mmanụ.
• Asphalt.
• Poselin.
• Quartz.
• Air.
• Diamond.
• Mmiri dị ọcha.
• Plastic.

Gịnị bụ a dielectric mmiri mmiri?

The polarization nke ụdị pụtara na ubi nke eletrik. Liquid na-abụghị conductive ihe onwunwe na-eji na art maka nēfe ma ọ bụ impregnating ihe. E nwere 3 ọmụmụ nke mmiri mmiri dielectrics:

Petroleum mmanụ - na-ala-viscosity na tumadi na-abụghị pola. Ha na-eji na elu-voltaji akụrụngwa: transformer mmanụ, elu mmiri. Transformer mmanụ - a na-abụghị pola dielectric. USB mmanụ e ji mee na impregnation nke-egbochi ihe akwụkwọ-voltaji wires ha ruo 40 kV, na metal dabeere mkpuchi na a ugbu a nke ihe karịrị 120 kV. Transformer mmanụ ka tụnyere capacitor nwere a net Ọdịdị. Nke a na ụdị insulator na ọtụtụ-eji na mmepụta, n'agbanyeghị elu na-eri tụnyere analọg bekee na ihe.

Gịnị bụ a sịntetik insulator? Ugbu fọrọ nke nta n'ebe nile ọ gọrọ agọ n'ihi na elu toxicity e mere na ndabere nke chlorinated carbon. A dielectric mmiri mmiri, dabere na organic sịlịkọn, bụ nchebe na environmentally friendly. Nke a na ụdị adịghị akpata metal corrosion na nwere Njirimara nke ala hygroscopicity. E thinned insulator gụnyere organofluorine compound nke bụ karịsịa na-ewu ewu n'ihi na nke ha incombustibility, kwes Njirimara na oxidative kwụsie ike.

Otu ikpeazụ anya, ọ oriri mmanụ. Ha na-weakly pola dielectrics, ndị a na-agụnye linseed, Castor, tung, sesame. Castor mmanụ dị ọkụ ma na-eji na akwụkwọ capacitors. Ndị fọdụrụ mmanụ - obodo. Evaporation nime ya e mere bụghị eke evaporation, a chemical mmeghachi omume na-akpọ polymerization. Ifịk ifịk-eji na enamels na ágbá.

ọgwụgwụ

Isiokwu a na-enyocha ha n'ụzọ zuru ezu, ihe insulator. dị iche iche na ụdị na ha Njirimara e kwuru okwu ya. N'ezie, ịghọta subtlety nke ha mara, ọ dị mkpa iji mekwuo alaka nke physics banyere ha.