Dizel locomotives Russia. New locomotives, photos na nkọwa

Okporo ígwè iga - nke a bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị adaba na oké ọnụ ụzọ nke iga, na-eji ọtụtụ nde mmadụ. Na ókèala nke Russian Federation n'ihi na ike nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-rụrụ ọ bụla ụbọchị ọtụtụ puku okporo ụzọ nke ma ndị njem dị iche iche cargoes. Modern nkà na ụzụ na-enwe ọganihu na-enye ohere jirichaa tractive mgbalị nke locomotives, si otú na-enye a elu larịị nke arụmọrụ na iga ike ọsọ. Ya mere locomotives Russia kwesịrị ịkpachara anya karịsịa echiche, iji ghọta ha uru na oru e ji mara.

Brief Historical Background

The mbụ oru ngo locomotives na anyị na-emeghe oghere pụta ìhè chi ọbụbọ nke narị afọ nke 20. Dizel locomotives Russia nke oge ahụ nọ "mụrụ" na 1905, ekele engineer na Colonel Kuznetsov Odintsov, ndị bụ ndị ọsụ ụzọ na teknuzu obodo, na-etinye na ngosi a akụkọ na standalone locomotive na calorie engine.

Na 1930, e nyere mmepe nke n'ibu injinịa, amalitela nkwadebe-teplovoznikov ọkachamara na Moscow Electromechanical Institute. Ugbua kemgbe 1950 locomotives nke a haziri na ụfọdụ n'ime ndị kasị ibu igwe-ụlọ ụlọ ọrụ.

The isi nhazi ọkwa

Russia na ụwa locomotives na-ọdịiche dị na ndabere nke ọtụtụ e ji mara.

Ya mere, dika òfùfè-ha na e nwere a nkewa na:

• Njem.
• Shunting.
• Freight.
• Universal.
• Industrial.
• Ịrụ a dịgasị iche iche nke ọrụ.

Ọzọkwa ịmata ọdịiche dị n'etiti locomotives na e ji ebu ihe bestelezhechnogo ụdị. Nwere dị iche iche nke ndị a nkeji na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị na ngalaba nke nwere ike ibu ma otu, ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ.

Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe na ọdịdị ọcha

Dizel locomotives Russia (N'eziokwu, dị ka ndị ọzọ nke ụwa) na-arụ ọrụ na ndị dị otú ahụ a isi ụkpụrụ. The dizel engine ndị a iga ngwaọrụ atọghata chemical ike aa na oge nke combustion nke manu n'ime n'ibu ike - adiana nke crankshaft, nke n'aka nke zitere site na traction adiana na-ebute site ná ozugbo na wheel nwere ụzọ abụọ. The isi-ekwu bụ na ọ na-achọ nchikota doro anya dizel locomotive e ji mara na ozugbo. N'ihi nke a, na pụrụ iche na omume e kere na-ekwe ka na-arụ ọrụ locomotives.

Isi nkeji nke locomotive bụ: a etiti, a ahu, a dizel engine, nnyefe, Chassis, breeki usoro, Autocoupling ngwaọrụ. N'etiti inyeaka ngwaọrụ egosi: jụrụ usoro, ikuku ọkọnọ dizel ọku emenyụ usoro, ọkụ na ngwá.

Ụdị gia eji na locomotives

Railway Transport nke Russia na-arụ ọrụ na ndabere nke ndị na-esonụ mmemme, ya bụ:

• Na ọkụ eletrik.
• Hydraulic.
• Hydromechanical.
• Mechanical.

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-ekwu banyere n'ibu nnyefe, ọ ga-kwuru na ya nwere a zuru ezu elu arụmọrụ, ala arọ, ala nke na-arụzi. Otú ọ dị, e nwere enweghị ya, na nke di na-apụghị izere ezere omume nke jerks n'oge gia mgbanwe.

Ọdụdọ nnyefe na-enye a ọtụtụ ihe ndị ọzọ ezigbo ukpụhọde nke locomotive ọsọ, ma nwere nnukwu ibu na elu na-eri nke mmiri.

The kasị tightly usoro ọsọ nnyefe - haịdrọlik. Ma, ọ bụ nnọọ achọ na ịdị ọcha nke ihe arụ ọrụ ọmụmụ, na àgwà ya na-arụzi, n'agbanyeghị na akụ nke ya ọrụ ọtụtụ ugboro ọzọ Mehnichesky analogue.

Mechanical akụkụ maka locomotives

Dị nnọọ otú were were ga-akpali ndị locomotive na tracks na-adabere na imewe nke ya n'ụgbọala-ulo (n'ibu) akụkụ, nke na-agụnye: a Trolley na wheel tent, axle igbe na-iyi (ha dị isi eku), ahụ (esetịpụ on nile fọdụrụ na ngwá).

Wheel ụzọ locomotives nwere ike na-akwọ ụgbọala (ịkwọ ụgbọala) na Müller (oghere). Okporo ígwè iga na Russia ugbu a tumadi na-eji a ụzọ nke na-akwọ ụgbọala wiil.

Modern Russian Railways

Na nke ugbu a oké akụ na ụba eme azụ Railways egwu a dị oké mkpa ọrụ na-ejuputa na ala mmefu ego. Nyere eziokwu a, Nsukka nke a na ngwá na-eme mgbalị nile iji mma ya arụmọrụ na belata-akwụ ụgwọ. Ya mere, ndị Bryansk igwe-ụlọ na osisi na 2015 ọhụrụ locomotives 2TE25KM e kere. Nlereanya a na-enye onye na-abawanye na uka nke ebuga ụgbọ oloko, mbenata ha arụmọrụ arụmọrụ. Engineers nwee ike budata dịkwuo itinye n'ọrụ ọnụego nke ndị dizel engine. Na nke a, akwọ ụgbọala ulo bụ dị na mba nile ụkpụrụ nke nkasi obi na nchebe. Ọ na-eji dị ka n'ezinụlọ nchedo usoro na ike reliably chebe locomotive butere mmerụ na ihe omume nke na mberede nkukota. E nwekwara otu ntụ oyi usoro. Special nọọrọ onwe ha na-enye okpomọkụ heats ikuku ka a chọrọ okpomọkụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa.

Iji melite nkasi obi nke mkpara ọhụrụ ndị a locomotives na-onwem na vibration-damping ihe na ndabere nke. Budata ụba larịị nke tagzi ergonomics. All isi mmiri nwere ike mfe maka mmezi. Nke a na budata belata Downtime nke locomotive ebusa na oge nke ya na ndokwa mmezi ma ọ bụ na-eme nnyocha n'oge njem.

Na ngosi 2TE25KM, nke weere ọnọdụ na April 2015, gara site na isi nke Russian Railways Yakunin, president nke "Transmashholding" Bokarev, na. banyere. Gọvanọ nke Bryansk region Bogomaz.

Arụpụtaghị na okporo ígwè iga

Ke ofụri ofụri ụgbọ oloko Railways enye banyere 80% nke ngụkọta ntụgharị na ihe karịrị 40% nke iga nke njem, ma suburban na n'ihu nkwurịta okwu.

Ndị a elu arụmọrụ kụziri site na uru nke okporo ígwè iga, nke bụ ka na-esonụ:

• High ebu ikike.
• The arụmọrụ nke nnukwu iga karịrị anya.
• Pụrụ ịdabere na nchebe.
• Dịtụ ala na-eri nke butekwara.
• Kacha nta na-emerụ mmetụta na gburugburu ebe obibi na ikuku.

ahịa mmepe na ọnọdụ

Modern Russian engineering na ihu nke ndị na-eduga na-emepụta kama ifịk ifịk na-emepe emepe ọhụrụ ahịa, eziga ya na ngwaahịa na mba dị iche iche gburugburu ụwa. Na nke a, na teknuzu e ji mara nke ọhụrụ ngwaahịa ọ dịghị ụzọ usụhọde ka ala ọzọ ha ogbo. Atụle n'ụzọ zuru ezu ọhụrụ dizel nlereanya na isiokwu nwere ike ịbụ na foto. Dizel locomotives Russia, na-emepụta site n'elu-e kwuru "Transmashholding", ugbu a ifịk ifịk emejuputa na Asian mba ndị dị ka Uzbekistan. Ka ga-karịsịa locomotives-eme ka-ejide nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ, mmejuputa iwu nke omume iji na modernization nke ụgbọ okporo ígwè iga a Central Asia mba.

N'ịchịkọta, ọ nwere ike kwuru na mmepe nke okporo ígwè iga ga-akpa ike. The n'elu-kọwara ya uru n'ụzọ doro anya na-egosi na aririo nke ego ego na mmepe na, mmejuputa iwu na omume nke ọhụrụ locomotives, ike nke na-arụ ọrụ e kenyere ha ọ bụla ihu igwe na Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe.