Mmanụ na ihe ọ pụtara n'ihe n'ụwa aku na uba

Nkebi ahịrịokwu bụ "mmanụ" dịwo guzosie ike ọkọwa okwu nke ụwa na ruo n'ókè dị ukwuu na-a nnọchianya nke oge a na oge. Taa, ngwaahịa a bụ Ụwa n'ime ime, na ndị ya ochie enyi - eke gas, bụ fọrọ nke nta uncontested ndabere nke ụwa ike.

Ogo nke nsogbu na-agbakwụnye na mee nke a pụrụ iche flammable bekee irreplaceable. Kpatara ọtụtụ agha n'oge gara aga na ugbu narị afọ bụ kpọmkwem na mmepụta nke mmanụ, nke bụ mgbe ụfọdụ siri ike mpi si aku mgba na-etolite n'ime njikere clashes nke dị iche iche ọnụ ọgụgụ na osisi ike.

Ihe ọ bụla ọzọ, na nke ikpeazụ iri afọ abụọ nke ahuhu akpata ọtụtụ reputable nnyocha egwu ụwa obodo gbarụọ amụma na mmanụ mee na mbara ala ezuru a kacha nke iri ise na afọ. Ma, n'agbanyeghị nke a, taa ụwa mmanụ mmepụta bụ fọrọ nke nta Ẹkot ya were. Na ebuka nke ngwaahịa a na-adịghị overvalued ọbụna na-eche ike ọgwụgwụ.

N'ihi ya, ihe ọ a "ọkpụkpụ esemokwu"? Mmanụ bụ, na okwu nke onwu, eke mmanu mmanu mmiri mmiri esịnede hydrocarbons nke dị iche iche dị iche iche molekụla Ọdịdị, site na nke, nditịm-ekwu okwu, na-adabere ọkwa "mmanụ" na ngwaahịa mma. Oil ụmụ irighiri wee dị ogologo, branched, obere, mechiri emechi na a mgbanaka ma ọ bụ multi-mgbanaka carbon atọm yinye.

E wezụga carbon, mmanụ nakwa dere oxygen, sọlfọ na nitrogen ogige. Otú ọ dị, dị nnọọ obere obere. Na ngụkọta, nke mmanụ nwere ike ịbụ ruo ọtụtụ puku dị iche iche mmiri. Nke a mgbagwoju ke ha mebere atumatu na ndị bara uru n'ihi na ike ụlọ ọrụ na ngwaahịa accumulates na strata nke porous nkume akpọ ọdọ.

Best-anakọta iche eke ọdọ, sandstone formations na-nchọ na a shei nke impervious rock (iche iche iche iche nke clays na shales) nke gbochie leakage nke ngwaahịa a eke mmanụ nchekwa. Ntem, n'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ọ na-ukwu facilitated mmanụ.

Ekele ya ịrịba oriri ike na nnọọ elu transportability, onyinye a Ụwa ime ná mmalite nke iri abụọ na narị afọ, emewo a na-eduga itie ke ume ụlọ ọrụ. Na mmepe nke sayensị na nkà na ụzụ ọzụzụ mmanụ nweela obosara ngwa fọrọ nke nta niile na ngalaba nke mmadụ ọrụ.

Ọzọ na-akpali eziokwu bụ na ndị na-eri mmanụ bụ nnọọ ala karịa ka ihe atụ, coal. Ma, ya ume uru otú disproportionately elu. Siri na mbara ụwa anyị chọta a ngwaahịa na ga na-egwu a nnukwu ọrụ na mmepe nke ụmụ mmadụ na mmepe anya dị ka "nwa gold".

Technology nke mmanụ bụ kpọmkwem dabere na geological e ji mara nke nkwụnye ego na onye ọnọdụ nke eji ehi ura ngwaahịa. Mmalite nke ubi development mgbe niile tupu a ngagharị na nwale nke akụ na ụba viability mmanụ mmepụta. Ugbu a, mmanụ mmepụta a mụụrụ site n'isi-iyi, tubing, gazliftovym, nakwa dị ka usoro nke hydrodynamic ịme ngosi uwe na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.