Drama na akwụkwọ - bụ ... Drama: atụ nke ọrụ

Drama - bụ ụdị nke ọrụ odide, nke na-enye ohere na a obere akụkọ na-egosi otu esemokwu, mmetụta na mmekọrịta nke odide, na-ekpughe ajụjụ ndị metụtara omume. Ọdachi, ntochi, na ọbụna n'oge a osise - niile ọdịiche nke a art na pụta na Gris oge ochie.

Drama: The Book of mgbagwoju agwa

Si sụgharịa okwu Grik bụ "ejije" pụtara "ime ihe." Drama (dị ka na-akọwa na e ji amụ) - ọrụ a, ikpe ndị agha dị n'etiti ihe odide. Ọdịdị nke ihe odide e kpughere site na-eme, na mkpụrụ obi - site dialogues. The ọrụ nke a genre nwere ike ibé, na-adọrọ mmasị site na dialogues nke-eme ihe nkiri, ọ dịkarịa ala - monologues ma ọ bụ Polylog.

asụsụ nke na-ede akwụkwọ bụ ugbu naanị dị ka mkparị. Ha na-oru ọrụ, harakteriziruya odide na-akọwa idaha.

Drama dị ka a ụdị akwụkwọ dere oge gboo iwu.

Ọ mejupụtara ọtụtụ akụkụ, na omume nke nkekọrịta. Na ya na a ole na ole na-agụ akụkọ, onye mepụtara storyline akọwapụta na axis nke ngwaahịa. Maka ọrụ niile e nwere otu obere ọtụtụ ihe mere. Ọ bụrụ na ọrụ na-kere stsenizatsii, ya olu ekwesịghị gafere 80 peeji nke. Ndị dị otú ahụ a dịruru ná njọ ma ọ bụ na hà 3-4 play-hour ihe na ogbo.

oge ochie akwụkwọ

Ná mmalite kpụrụ a ejije dabeere na òtù nzuzo nke ọmụmụ chi Daịọnisiọs, gụnyere songs na-agba egwú. Eme ihe nkiri na-eyi skins, na ihu - nkpuchi na abụ na-eto. Asọmpi e ẹkenịmde n'etiti tragedians na comedians. Famous playwrights - Aeschylus, Sophocles, Evripil, Aristophanes - ama dere oge ochie Greece.

Classical ejije na-agụnye dị iche iche Genres. Works akwụkwọ na-mkpa ka ụdị art, ezi a otutu: ọ bụ a ọdachi, ntochi na ejije onwe ya. Na nkwụsị kpụrụ tragicomedy, nnọọ ewu na Russian akwụkwọ.

Development nke ejije dị ka ihe atụ nke ọdachi

Na nkịtị okwu "ọdachi" pụtara "ewu song". Ọ na-e metụtara na n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ mwute mgbe chi nke wine wee banye ino na mkpu, ma ọ bụ atụ na-anwụ anwụ. Aeschylus a na-ewere na nchoputa nke ọdachi, ọ zuo okè ụdị na-gụnyere ke edinam nke abụọ omee. Sophocles kwukwara a atọ agwa. Obi amaokwu kwuru na okwu nke na-eru uju, ọmịiko okwu nke egwu na iwe. Chorus otoro site na-arịọ nri ụda.

Ọdachi in Ancient Greece ẹkewetde nke isii classic components: na akụkọ ifo, nke ngosi nke ihe odide, akpan na ịrịba uche, prosaic na metric asụsụ, music na ntem. The ọdachi were mkpụrụ obi na-amarakwa na-ata ahụhụ.

The na-agbanweghi agbanwe ọdachi na-abịa Renaissance, nke na-aghọ na-ewu ewu ọzọ. Shakespeare odide na-aga site na a ọhụrụ akara aka. Ugbu a elekọta mmadụ na ọnọdụ na-egwu a dị mkpa karịa egwuregwu nke chi. Onye ama ama "King Lear", "Othello," "Hamlet," a ụbọchị bụ ihe anthology na-eto eto playwrights na-eme ihe nkiri.

N'oge Enlightenment, na odide na-alụ ọgụ maka echiche. Famous ọdachi Schiller "na-apụnara mmadụ" na "Ịhụnanya na-akpali akpali" abụghị usụhọde ka ewu ewu na nke ọrụ nke Goethe si "Egmont" na "Goetz von Berlichingen".

Romanticism eweta esemokwu, ma n'etiti na n'ime na elu ụwa nke na-agụ akụkọ. Byron, Hugo ọrụ na genre nke ọdachi.

Kasị edemede ezinụlọ

Drama na akwụkwọ - bụ mbụ a oké nkà Atiya. The mbụ progenitor nke ọdachi na-ntochi, na taa ka enwetara ọhụrụ ndị òtù ezinụlọ. Modern nnọchiteanya - a melodrama, vaudeville ise. Melodrama dị ka ụdị akwụkwọ e ji amụ abahade odide n'ime "ezi" na "ọjọọ":-eme ihe nkiri nwere pola ụkpụrụ omume ọma. A nsogbu bilitere n'etiti agwa ụkpụrụ, na dị ka a N'ihi bụ na-atụghị anya na mkpebi. Na vaudeville osisi - a jikọtara art iche-iche.

Okwu Genres na akwụkwọ

Otú ọ dị, na mgbakwunye na e nwere ndị ọzọ dị ịrịba ama expressive Genres akwụkwọ. The table ga-enyere iji were ihe anyị na-now nyochaa na ụfọdụ zuru ezu.

Novella - a ụdị akụkọ: a obere prose ọrụ na a nkọ isiokwu na a na-anọpụ iche akụkọ style. E nweghị psychological pụtara na-atụghị anya endings, dị ka melodrama.

Oda - gharazie ịba uru taa, ma ọ bụ nnọọ ewu ewu na mbubreyo narị afọ nke 18, akwa utom, nke na-akọwa site na abụ uri ma ọ bụ abụ uri set ka music.

Edemede - eziokwu ihe onwunwe ndụ n'ezie, authentic akụkọ.

Akụkọ - The Epic genre na ndụ nke dike, ma ọ bụ a ole na ole na-agụ akụkọ, na-egosi na nke soje ngosipụta si ndụ. Ibu na olu karịa akụkọ, ma obere romance.

Uri - akụkọ na a n'ụdị uri.

Story - nta nwanne akụkọ, nke na-ezo aka otu ma ọ bụ karịa ihe si ndụ nke dike. The edinam anaghị adịru oge na-aga, na-eme ihe nkiri a obere. Dị ka a na-achị, ọtụtụ ndị ozi na-abịa site anya narrator. The akụkọ na uri - kacha ewu ewu Genres nke edemede ọrụ.

Roman - oké akụkọ ọrụ nke ọtụtụ subplots metụtara a ịrịba oge nke ndụ ma ọ bụ dum ndụ mmadụ. Characters bụ Ẹkot, na akụkọ e njirimara nke mmadụ ịrịba nsogbu, nsogbu.

Epic - isi ọrụ nke ịrịba mba ma ọ bụ ihe ndị mere eme. Mere n'ụdị prose ma ọ bụ abụ uri. dere na-akpọkarị The Epic akwụkwọ akụkọ, ma ọ bụ dị iche iche si ikpeazụ ọdịnaya nke mba ndụ, n'ịkatọ ndụ niile n'ọnọdụ dị iche iche nke ndụ na sara mbara ala na akụkọ ihe mere akporo.

Ballad - a lyric-The Epic uri, nke kwuru na a akụkọ ihe mere eme akara na-agba site dum akụkọ. Ballad iche na ọdịnaya nke lyric uri. Na nke ikpeazụ na-ede akwụkwọ na-achọ iji gosi na ha mmetụta, kama ibé. Ke adianade do, mkpumkpu poems.

Song - okwu nke echiche, mmetụta, na akụkọ site uri setịpụrụ na-music. Kewara n'ime akụkụ, ebe ezere - a okwukwe, na-emepe emepe na ibé - couplets.

Mara ndị mpako na-akụkọ ihe mere eme, in-a me, ndị dike songs. Ọ na-kweere na songs na ballads - na ọ bụ ndị kasị ochie Genres akwụkwọ.

The table n'okpuru ga-enyere na-a n'ozuzu echiche banyere iche iche nke ihe ndị e ji amụ ige.

ide ede

The ọmụmụ nke ejije

Ngwa ngwa na tụrụ mbụ nkeji iri na ise nke XIX na narị afọ ndị ji ngwa mgbasa nke dị ịrịba ama e ji amụ.

Na otu aka nke a bụ N'ezie n'ihi na ndị nwere mmasị na-eme ihe nkiri, bụ ebe e nwere a dum galaxy nke nkà nka na dere. N'aka nke ọzọ - na oge a, e nwere a ejiji n'ihi na n'ụlọ na-agụ na-ede akwụkwọ Mmanya. Popular ọdachi nke Kryukov, Ozerov Plavilshchikov, Viskovagova, Gruzintseva, Glinka, Zotov. Ọ na-amasị nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma, "Marfa Posadnitsa, ma ọ bụ The Mmeri Novagoroda" Ivanova.

ochie na njirimara Esemokwu

Nkatọ PA Katenin gbalịrị igosi na ndị oge gboo ụdị nke genre, mere sụgharịa Corneille na Racine. Ná mmalite nke XIX narị afọ ejije na akwụkwọ - ọ bụ a oyiri nke French ejije. E nwere echiche nke "pseudo-oge gboo ọdachi," abịa n'okpuru agha na-arụ ọrụ Kotzebue. The isi nke oké egwu ọgụ ịghọ "Drama Bulletin", dị Asụsụ: Ịmụta si 1808. Otu n'ime ndị kasị playwrights nke oge bụ Shahovsky. Si ya pen wee si karịa 100 ejije. Ọ ama comedies nke esịtidem adịghị ike nke play, site criticisms ndị ọkachamara overlapped ewute adịgboroja gburugburu ebe obibi na mmetụta.

New Genres nke ejije na akwụkwọ

Vaudeville maka Russian echiche mbụ ekewet Khmelnitsky. Ọ mbụ bụ a nkà sụgharịrị. Ya mere, na-aghọ ma ama n'ihi na ya n'ezoghị ọnụ na-eṅomi nke French nkiri bụ "-ulo-ikwū na ikuku", "Gabby," "uche abụọ".

Griboyedov ntochi "Ahụhụ ga-adịrị si ama" - bụ nke mbụ Russian akwụkwọ nke omume, nke e brilliantly mere style na nlereanya nke French ejije. Ọrụ a, nke e bipụtara na 1831, ma ugbu a, na-akwa ihe ịga nke ọma.

English akwụkwọ nwekwara a oké mmetụta na guzobe nke Russian ejije. Dị ka ihe atụ, ọbụna Belinsky chọpụtara na Pushkin tụgharịa Shakespeare Boris Godunov. Pushkin kpamkpam reshapes ka osise nke dike nke ọdachi eze. Ma Russian odide anọghị n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ nke ahuhu, na n'okpuru ibu nke oké nkume ejije.

Ihe Nlereanya nke Lermontov ọrụ, untenable na nkà uche, ma dị ka ihe na-akpali ihe banyere echiche nke na-ede uri, ekwe ka banye n'ime ime ụwa nke a na-ghar stylist. Gogol si "soja" - a ejije-bọmbụ, nke mere ka a ịkwa emo nke nsogbu ka ọha na eze ndioru govanmenti. Mgbe ihe ịga nke Gogol na Russia e bụ ejiji Russian agwa, kama sụgharịa ntụziaka na European akwụkwọ.

Drama na akwụkwọ - bụkwa a ngwaahịa nke Turgenev, na-arụ ọrụ na genre na mbubreyo 40 nakwa ná mmalite 50. Ya play "The Freeloader", "nri ụtụtụ na Onye Ndú", "Bachelor", "Provincial" ka na-esịne ke egwuregwu olu.

All ndị ọzọ eke anya nke odide nweta na ọrụ n'etiti XIX narị afọ. Ka ihe atụ, uma nke Pisemsky "Ihe Ilu Fate" - a nwoke onye oru ugbo obodo nta dị na zuru-size na-enweghị embellishment. Comedy ede akwụkwọ nke "Baal", "Enlightenment", "ego amamihe" adịte na ogbo.

Russian Shakespeare

Drama na Russian akwụkwọ ga-adị na ya na ụdị enweghị Ostrovsky. Nke a na-ede akwụkwọ bụ ike ọ bụghị naanị na-emeri ndị mmadụ ịhụnanya ruo afọ 40 Ostrowski etinye banyere 50 iberibe, kamakwa inye uto na-ege ntị a ọma na aka-arụ ọrụ. Dobrolyubov Narek ọrụ Alexander Nikolayevich "iberibe Life". All akụkụ Akwụkwọ Nsọ ndị na-akwagide, dị ka a oge gboo ejije. Nkọwa n'ime akwụkwọ nke Ostrovsky si ejije - a eluigwe na ala ejije. Na-ede na-agba mbọ na-egosi bụghị nanị ọnọdụ, ma ka na-achọ na mgbọrọgwụ nke nsogbu na ọdịdị nke ihe odide, na gburugburu ebe obibi.

Ọ bụ ike na-ewetara ndị ọha na eze na-dị nnọọ dike na psychological agwa ụdị, nke ka mfe ịhụ onwe anyị. Onyinye na-ede akwụkwọ na-egbuke ntochi ( "The Marriage nke Bal'zaminova"), chilling ọdachi ( "égbè eluigwe"), mere na-ege ntị mkpu, ihe ijuanya, mmetụta ọmịiko. Ọrụ ya - a akụ trove nke Russian okwu.

Drama dị ka ụdị akwụkwọ e ji amụ na Russia, dị ka ihe mbụ akwụkwọ nke na-eso ụzọ Ostrovsky ebilite ugbua n'oge ndụ nke ukwu. Bright-eṅomi ya talent e Potekhin, Dyachenko, nku, Nightingales, Chernyshev, Vladykin, teas, Lviv na Antropov. All n'ime ha bụ ndị pụtara ìhè playwrights nke nkera nke abụọ nke XIX narị afọ. Ha bụ ndị nna ukwu nke art nke nkiri, egwuregwu edinam.

The ọzọ ogbo na mmepe nke dị ịrịba ama na-ede na-aghọ ulo oru ibé. The kasị akpali ndị nnọchiteanya nke oge a na ejije na Potekhin, Ippolit Shpazhinsky, Tarnowski, Sumbatov A. Suvorin, Karpov.

Tolstoy eji ejije ka a uka ozi na ngwá agha, na-bipụtara "The Power Ọchịchịrị" na "The Mkpụrụ nke Enlightenment".
Na 60s e a genre nke akụkọ ihe mere eme ihe emere n'ubọchi ka a nkiri. Ihe Nlereanya nke ọrụ nke Ostrovsky si "Minin-Sukhoruk", "Voivod", "Vasilisa Melentevna" - bụ doo anya ihe atụ nke a obere genre. Otu àgwà ndị na-akwanyere ùgwù trilogy agụ A. K. Tolstogo "Ọnwụ Ioanna Groznogo," "Eze nke Fyodor Ivanovich" na "Tsar Boris" na Chaeva emere n'ubọchi ( "King Vasiliy Shuysky"). Crackling ejije pụta ụwa na-arụ ọrụ Averkina: "Mamay", "Comedy nke Frol Russian nobleman Skobeyev", "Kashirskaya agadi."

oge a ejije

Taa ejije na-aga n'ihu ka ha webata, kama ọ dabeere niile na ndị oge gboo iwu nke genre.

Na taa Russian ejije akwụkwọ - a bụ aha dị ka Edvard Radzinsky, Nikolai Erdman, Mikhail Chusov. Ka blurs ókè na mgbakọ, na-ebute ụzọ in-a me gburugburu na esemokwu ndị na-emetụta Uisten Oden, Thomas Bernhard na Martin McDonagh.