Dynamite - bụ mepụtara Alfreda Nobelya

Dynamite - a pụrụ iche na-agbawa agbawa ngwakọta, nke dabeere nitroglycerine. Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na a umi bụ nnọọ ize ndụ dị ka ọ bụ. Mgbe impregnation nke siri ike absorbents nitroglycerin-eme ka ọ dị mma maka nchekwa na ojiji, adaba iji. Dynamite nwekwara ike ịnwe ọzọ bekee. Dị ka a na-achị, ndị kpụrụ uka nwere a cylindrical udi na a na-packaged ke akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ plastic.

The mepụtara nke dynamite

Ihe dị mkpa mere ka mepụtara nke dynamite bụ na nchọpụta nke nitroglycerin. Nke a mere na 1846. Ọ ghọrọ ọsụ ụzọ nke Italian mmiri ọgwụ Ascanio Sobrero. N'ihi na ndị dị ike na-agbawa agbawa ozugbo wee malite iwu ụlọ mmepụta ihe na gburugburu ụwa. Otu n'ime ha e mepere Russia. Domestic chemists Zinin na Petrushevsky achọ ụzọ otú iji ya n'enweghị nsogbu. Otu n'ime ndị ha na ụmụ akwụkwọ bụ nnọọ Alfred Nobel.

Na 1863 Nobel meghere a detonator okpu, nke ukwuu mfe Luc nitroglycerin. Ọ jisiri mezuo nke a site na ebighị nke ihe mgbawa na-enyemaka nke mercury fulminate. Ọtụtụ ndị taa kwetara ihe a chọpụtara Nobel mkpa karịa na nchọpụta nke dynamite.

Dynamite onwe ya Swedish mmiri ọgwụ patented na 1867. Ruo etiti narị afọ gara aga ọ na-eji dị ka a bụ isi na-agbawa agbawa na-arụ ọrụ na ugwu na, n'ezie, ndị agha ubi.

Dynamite ọ na-ebugharị na mbara ala

N'ihi na oge mbụ ojiji nke dynamite agha nzube nke chụrụ onwe ya Nobel n'afọ mgbe ọ na patented. Otú ọ dị, mgbe echiche e weere a ọdịda, n'ihi na ọ bụ nnọọ ize ndụ.

Na ulo oru-ọnụ ọgụgụ imewe nke dynamite malitere kemgbe 1869. Otu n'ime ihe mbụ ya mee Russian industrialists. Ugbua na 1871 ọ na-eji na mmịpụta nke coal na zinc ore.

mmepụta nke dynamite mpịakọta eto exponentially. Ọ bụrụ na 11 tọn e mepụtara na 1867, mgbe ahụ, mgbe 5 afọ - 1570 tọn, na site 1875 na ọ na-emepụta ruo 8000 tọn.

Gịnị dynamite - na ọ bụ a oké ngwá agha, ndị mbụ na-aghọta ndị Germany. Ha wee malite ịfụ elu ulo uku na àkwà mmiri, apostle ya iji French. Na 1871, a na-agbawa agbawa pụtara na engineering agha nke Austria na Hungarian Alaeze Ukwu.

Gịnị bụ dynamite?

Ozugbo industrialists na agha nke ụwa mụtara na akụkụ nke dynamite, ozugbo ahụ ha guzosie ike ya mmepụta. Nọgide na-na-emepụta ya taa. Naa na ọ bụ a cartridges erikpu ruo 200 grams, nke ike-eji n'ime ọnwa isii. E nwere High-àmà na ala-na-mmasị okwu.

Nyere na mejupụtara nke dynamite si dị iche iche Nsukka bụ dịtụ iche iche, ya isi mmiri, n'ezie, na-anọgide na-agbanweghi agbanwe.

Chief n'etiti ha - nitrosmes. Ọ malitere ga-eji mma ntu oyi eguzogide. Ọ gụnyere nitroglycerin na dinitrogikolya. Nke a bụ isi akụrụngwa nke na-ẹkenịmde 40% site na ibu ibu. Ndị na-esonụ mmiri site olu - ammonium nitrate (30%), fọrọ nke nta 20% na-nọrọ na sodium nitrate. Ndị fọdụrụ mmiri na-eji na-a ukwuu nta karị - bụ nitrocellulose, osisi ọka, balsa na talc.

Dynamite ke ọrụ nke ndị omempụ na

Ndị mbụ a na-aghọta ihe ndị dynamite, mpụ nile di iche iche, na-eyi ọha egwu òtù. Otu n'ime ihe mbụ mpụ na eji nke a na-agbawa agbawa mere na US na 1875. American-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri William Kong Thomassen nwaa imebi agbala na oké osimiri arịa "Moselle" iji nweta mkpuchi. Otú ọ dị, a gbọmgbọm nke arụrụ n'ụlọ dynamite gbawara azụ na mmiri n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri n'oge loading. The ọdachi na-ekwu na ndụ nke 80 ndị mmadụ.

Otú ọ dị, nke mbụ ọdịda akwụsịghị ndị ndú nke ndị omempụ na-eyi ọha egwu. Site 1883 na 1885 òtù nke extremist nzukọ, kwalitere nkewa nke Ireland si Britain, haziri a usoro nke ntiwapụ na dynamite. Gụnyere ihe mgbawa na ụlọ ọrụ nke British uwe ojii na Scotland Yard anwa mebie London Bridge.

-Eji nke a umi na-alụso autocracy na Russia. Karịsịa, party "Narodnaya Volya". Na Europe, ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke dynamite eji anarchists.

dynamite ewu ewu dara

N'ime afọ, ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta kweere na dynamite - a bụ isi na-agbawa agbawa na Ngwuputa arụmọrụ na nchọpụta nke ọhụrụ ịnweta ego. Idi mpi nitrate ruo n'etiti XX narị afọ. Ná mba ụfọdụ - ruo ufọt ufọt 80s. Dị ka ihe atụ, a dynamite ụtọ oké ewu ewu na South Africa. Ọ na-eji na-egwute ọlaedo. Ọ bụ nso 90 nke afọ n'okpuru mgbali nke ahia ịlụ kpụgharịa kasị nke osisi ka odi mfe na-agbawa agbawa dabeere na ammonium nitrate.

Na Russia, na dynamite na uka na-emepụta mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Karịsịa ewu ewu bụ trudnozamerzayuschy mejupụtara. explosives site na ụlọ ọrụ were naanị 60.

N'ihi na ọtụtụ mba, ndị dynamite - na ọ bụ ọnụ na legkoproizvodimoe mgbawa. Nke a ọnọdụ were ihe fọrọ nke nta 100 afọ. Ka ụbọchị, ndị dynamite ewe ọ dịghị ihe karịrị 2% nke ngụkọta ntụgharị nke niile na-agbawa agbawa bekee na ụwa.