Ebe bụ ókè nke Ukraine ruo 1917?

Ókè-ala nke Ukraine ruo 1917 abụwo mgbe mgbe ihe ịsụ ngọngọ n'etiti venerable professors nke akụkọ ihe mere eme, ma ama na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na omenala ọgụgụ. Guzobe nke oge a na obodo a gbasara ọtụtụ narị afọ, n'ihi na nke obodo oge ochie na mba e dochie ihe karịrị otu ugboro ma ọ bụ ugboro abụọ.

Mbata nke Cimmerians

Ndị mbụ na Ukraine n'ókèala ghọrọ Cimmerians, bụ ndị e kwuru okwu ya na ngosipụta nke oge - "Odyssey."

Ancient na-akwagharị akwagharị, na-asụ otu olumba nke Iranian asụsụ otu, na-akwụ ụgwọ a nleta Black Sea na mpaghara banyere 9 narị afọ BC Ọ na-chere na wagharịrị ebo nile nke Cimmerian-kimmertsev nke Lower Volga mpaghara, na mma idụhe amanye ha ka ha nọrọ n'ime ọhịa steppes nke narị afọ abụọ . Historical ókè-ala nke Ukraine gbanwere mgbe niile ruo mgbe 1917, na malitere ya fọrọ nke nta ka afọ 3000 gara aga, na ebe e ugboro ugboro akp ebe ọ bụ na oge, na-ebelata were ịrịba udi.

Ebe ọ bụ na akwụkwọ ozi ahụ na-akwagharị akwagharị amaghị nkọwa banyere onwe ha na ha ahapụwo, ma e wezụga n'ihi ihe mgbe ochie na saịtị otú obere kwuru na ndị mere n'ụbọchị ndị oge. Dịkọrọ ndụ nwere ọtụtụ ihe ikwu banyere egwu ime ọhịa - kacha akụkọ ihe mere eme na-akọwa Cimmeria dị ka a obi tara mmiri na nkà warrior na omenala nke ebo ada oke mmụta mba maa jijiji.

ọhịa Sitia

Herodotus na odide ya, obi ịta mmiri na-eje ije site na omenala na-elekọta mmadụ na Ọdịdị nke ahụ na-akwagharị akwagharị na na agba na kọwara obi tara mmiri na mkpochapụ nke ndị Cimmerians Amaala-chernolestsev. Gịnị bụ ókè nke Ukraine ruo 1917, anyị maara, ma ọ nwere ike na-agba ọsọ ka ọ bụla, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị superseded na steppe inyinya erughị mepere emepe bi n'oké ọhịa.

Otú ọ dị, eke chernolestsev ngwa ngwa chụkwute na Cimmerian. Ha, n'aka, ike ichughachiazu ndị Sitia, bụ ndị na-ama na-adọba ụgbọala ọtụtụ, kwakọọrọ n'ụlọ were ịnyịnya na ìgwè ehi.

Onye kasị ukwuu okooko nke ọzọ ife nke na-akwagharị akwagharị (Sitia) enweta na V-IV narị afọ BC.

The mbụ Central bastion nke ọdịbendị na ókèala nke Ukraine - Great Scythia - kọwara Herodotus. Ókè-ala nke Ukraine ruo 1917 kemgbe ndị Sitia e n'ụdị ogologo rektangulu gburugburu Northern Black Sea si Danube River na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Azov Oké Osimiri.

Ebe ọ bụ na ohere bụ mmachi Pripiat ugwu na a akara na gbatịrị na oge a Chernigov-araparasi Kursk na Voronezh. Na III na narị afọ BC Sitia na Black Sea steppes Sarmatians akpatre edochi. Na Black Sea mbara ọzara ebo kere banyere narị afọ isii (ruo mgbe puku afọ mbụ BC. E.), Ruo mgbe ha na-chụpụrụ site na Goths na Huns. Mgbe ha mbuso agha nke ókèala nke Ukraine na-adịkwaghị Slavic ebo nile nke Antes na yiri sklaviny.

Ókè-ala nke Ukraine ruo 1917, m bụ a nnukwu oge: a iji nwayọọ ijeụkwụ n'oge nke na-akwagharị akwagharị, na mgbe ịgbanwe udi nke ókèala malitere ime na w ọsọ.

Sklaviny, Antes, venedy

About sklaviny ede aha ugboro ugboro Gothic ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere Jordan. Dị ka ya, ndị Slav-sklaviny nwere otu nna nna, na ha na-ebi atọ ebo Vendian - venedy obi ike, ike Antes, ha nta umu-nne-- sklaviny. Ma na VII narị afọ French chronicler na ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere Fredegar kwuru na "ọdịdị zuru oke nke sklaviny Wends".

Ọkà mmụta ihe ochie na-chọta antskie akụ esịnede nke ọlaedo na ọlaọcha na-emepụta n'oge mkpọsa na raids na gbara ya gburugburu ebe. Ndanda Warriors na nāchi uta na àkú, ọta na ogologo mma agha dị ka akụkụ nke ọkọlọtọ ngwá. Antes ihe kasị dị ike Slavic ebo: ha bu ndi-agha-mercenaries na Byzantine agha.

Ndị mkpọrọ ahụ nọ na-eji dị ka ndị ohu, na-ere ha ma ọ bụ ile a mgbapụta si ha kacha ndị agbata obi a ụdị iwu oru na oge. O sina dị, mgbe a mgbe weghaara ohu nwere ike ibu free na a na-fledged so na obodo. The isi chi nke Ndanda - Perun - atụle dịtụ nnabata. N'ejighị ọbara àjà - a ụkpụrụ bụ isi nke okwukwe; n'etiti àjà na ebe ịchụàjà nke arụsị, ọkà mmụta ihe ochie chọpụtara na esie ya na nri, herbs na ọla. N'oge ndanda Kiev malitere usoro nucleation na Volyn, nke ọzọ gbanwere ala nke Ukraine. Ruo mgbe 1917, Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ka dị anya.

The si malite Kievan rus '

The ọzọ ịrịba ama n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke oge a na obodo bụ Kievan rus. The obodo, nke ghọọ a na omenala na-elekọta mmadụ na center nke n'ókèala sara, wughachi ọtụtụ ugboro, ọkụ na-ebibi. Ukrainian ókè gbanwere tinyere ya ruo mgbe 1917 - na-ekpuchi gbara ya gburugburu ala ahụ, narrowed na Kiev ala ịta ahịhịa.

State gburugburu Kiev mmezi bilitere na 9 narị afọ, mgbe dị anya n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Slav na ndị Finno-Ugric iche iche n'otu n'okpuru ịchịisi nke Prince Rurik usoro ndị eze. History of Kyiv dị ka otu nọọrọ onwe ha obodo-ala-amalite na kpọọ nke isi obodo Oleg, Onye mere Eastern Slavic ebo.

The heyday nke ala

Ukrainian ókè-ala na mgbanwe nke 1917 (ebe ke mbubreyo 10th narị afọ, n'oge heyday nke Kievan rus ') karịrị Dniester na na elu esịmde nke Osimiri Vistula na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, kpuchie Taman Peninsula na n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ na okụrede ke n'elu esịmde nke Northern Dvina. Geography na-enyere na-ewetara obodo Kievan rus na ịghọta ya territorial Ọdịdị. Ihe odide kasị ochie niile - Kiev, soro na lockstep ije Chernigov, Pereyaslavl oge ochie, ama Smolensk, kwe nkwa na Rostov, Novaya Ladoga, Pskov, na fabulous ọhụrụ Polotsk.

Ọbubu-eze nke Prince Vladimir (960-1015 gg.) Ndien Jaroslav (1019-1054 gg.) Ndi a oge nke kasị ukwuu ọganihu nke ala. N'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, ihe ọ bu ókè-ala nke Ukraine tupu 1917 mgbanwe! Gbasaa ókèala nke pụrụ iche: si Carpathians na Baltic na Black Sea n'ógbè steppes.

Site ufọt ufọt narị afọ nke 12, ndị dị ike Kievan rus 'malitere ọchịchịrị oge nke feudal adịghị n'otu, ọgba aghara mebiri n'ime ọtụtụ iche iche isi na-achịkwa iche iche alaka nke Rurik. Na mmalite nke 1132-nke bụ ukara mmalite nke intra squabbles, mgbe, mgbe ọnwụ Mstislava Velikogo, nwa Vladimira Monomaha, Prince of Kiev ọchịchị agaghịkwa aghọta Polotsk na Novgorod n'otu oge. Kiev na-adịghị na eze na-ewere isi obodo dị ukwuu na Mongol mbuso agha (1237-1240 gg.). Gịnị gaara ókè-ala nke Ukraine tupu 1917 mgbanwe ọchịchị, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị n'ihi na Nsogbu? Ikekwe Kievan rus ga-toro na size of Rome na Carthage nnọọ daa ọdịda ihere ọdịda n'okpuru egwu ibu arọ nke nnukwu alaeze ukwu nsogbu.

The ida na Smoot

Na agha na-Mongol na osimiri Kalka (ugbu a na Donetsk mpaghara) ke mbubreyo May 1223rd e gara site fọrọ nke nta niile nke ndịda Russian isi, ọtụtụ n'ime ha, nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ ọma-mụrụ boyars dara na agha. Si ndi-isi-n'iyi ezigbo ndị ikwu, na ndị ohu na agadi ụmụ nke dugara mba kacha mma exsanguination nnyefe. The mmeri gara Mongol, na-anwụghị na-atụ anya n'agha, na ihere. Na-agwụ ike nke ndịda Russian isi Noa iwe Hungarian na Lithuanian ukwu, ma nwekwara ụba mmetụta nke-isi nke Chernigov, Novgorod na Kiev mpaghara. Gịnị gaara ókè-ala nke Ukraine ruo 1917, tinye niile na ihu ọma Rusich? Historians-atụ aro na obere princelings nwere gnawed onye ọ bụla ọzọ na otu N'ihi na - na agha n'ihi na ike na ala gaara n'iyi na ihe ndị kasị na-akwanyere ùgwù ma na mma-mụrụ ndị Kievan rus.

The ọdịda nke Kiev

Na 1240 na Mongol (edu Batu Khan, nwa nwa Genghis Khan, egwu,) sere Kiev ntụ. The remnants nke obodo natara Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, nke Mongol ghọtara tumadi dị nwa-ya Aleksandra Nevskogo. Ma ha na-agaghị gaa na isi obodo Kiev ma nọrọ na Vladimir - n'ebe anụ na-akwagharị akwagharị na ha àkú, na ìgwè ehi-apụghị ịghọta aghọta na omenala.

Tupu mgbanwe ke 1917 nke bụ ókè-ala? Ebe na-agba ọsọ agha na n'oge Kievan rus. Mgbe ahụ, ike na n'ikpeazụ guzosie ike a na-emekarị na kwa inch ga-a site na ike.

ihe gbasara onye isi nke Galich

Na 1245-m Yaroslav n'oge a agha (nke dị na Poland Jarosław obodo na San osimiri) Danila Galitsky na ndị agha ya meriri ndị shelves nke Hungarian na Polish ukwu. Danila Galitsky dabeere na Western jikọọ aka megide ndị Golden Horde na 1253, o nwetara si Pope aha nke eze. Ọchịchị Daniel Romanovych oge ahụ kasị ukwuu eweli Galicia-Volhynia. The ike nke ala mere ka nchegbu na Golden Horde. The ihe gbasara onye isi manyere akwụ ụtụ ndị Horde mgbe niile, na ndị na-achị nwere ekwele nkwa iziga ndị agha maka nkwonkwo mkpọsa megide Mongol. Ma, Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi jisiri ọma idozi na-agaziri ha, ọtụtụ mba ọzọ amụma okwu.

Ókè-ala nke Ukraine tupu mgbanwe ke 1917 gbanwere ngwa ngwa. Nke a mere n'ụbọchị Danily Galitskogo. Na nkera nke abụọ nke Iri na Atọ na narị afọ, Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi na-achịkwa ndịda nke ókèala, ma mgbe ahụ nwetaghachiri achịkwa n'ala ndị a ma nweta ohere ka Black Sea. Mgbe niile 1323rd ọhụrụ n'ókèala ọzọ a furu efu ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ. Polesie e weghaara Lithuania na mmalite nke XIV narị afọ na usoro nke agha di n'etiti Alaeze Poland na Grand Duchy nke Lithuania. The n'ókèala ceded na Poland na 1349, ghọrọ ihe nnọchianya nke na njedebe nke heyday. Malite n'afọ a, Galicia-Volyn ihe gbasara onye isi e eze iju.

ókèala ndị ọhụrụ

Ukrainian ókè-ala n'iru 1917 mgbanwe ọchịchị, dị ka e kwuworo, a myriad nke ugboro gbanwere, na mgbe Lithuania bụ ike iguzogide Mongol nọ n'ókèala nke oge a Kirovograd, obụk ọzọ gbanwere n'ofè ude.

Ọtụtụ Orthodox isi na-adịghị emegide rapprochement na Poland, ọ bụ ezie na na 1381-1384, 1389-1392 na 1432-1439 afọ. O nwere atọ agha obodo. Ọtụtụ obodo, gụnyere ihe atụ, Lviv, Kiev, Vladimir-Volyn, nwetara ya ọchịchị dị ka ndị Magdeburg Iwu.

Na afọ 90 nke XIV narị afọ. Jagiello si nwa nwanne nna Vytautas ekele na mmekorita na Mongol n'ọnọdu n'udo isonyere dum n'ókèala sara ndịda nke buru ibu Wild Field. Mere Ukraine ókè, tupu 1917 mgbanwe ọchịchị, ha mesịrị gbanwee obere. New ebe ekwe na aku na uba na otu nke na oge nwayọọ nwayọọ chọta recognizable atụmatụ.

Hetman na Ruins

The ọzọ dị ịrịba ama na-eme mgbanwe na ghọrọ onye na-achị Bohdan Khmelnytsky. The nsogbu nke 1648-1654. n'okpuru idu ndú ya emewo ka ntoputa nke ihe kwurula Hetman. Ọ na-adịghị mara na mgbata nke Cossack Ataman ebe ala nke Ukraine. Ruo mgbe 1917, na steeti enwetela ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ dị mkpa merenụ. Adabaghi na fragmentary ọmụma, mgbe mgbe, nke dabeere nanị na oge ochie, ogologo furu efu mkpa nke ụkpụrụ na akwụkwọ. Na Khmelnytsky Rada nakweere a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mkpebi, nke N'ihi ghọrọ Russo-Polish War nke 1654-1667. Ọ so maka nkenye ọnọdụ nke agha obodo n'etiti dị iche iche hetman. Left-akụ Ukraine chọrọ ịbụ a akụkụ nke Russia na Right Bank chọrọ ike a siri ike na mmekorita na Poland.

Malite New Russia

Ugbu a na ị maara ebe ókè nke Ukraine ruo 1917 na dị iche iche mere eme na nkebi. N'oge Northern War Hetman Mazepa atụghị anya kwadoro na Swedish King Karl XII, onye e meriri na Agha nke Poltava. Dị ka a n'ihi nke obodo kwụụrụ na ikike nke Hetman dị ụkọ, na management nke a n'ókèala sara-agba ọsọ site na Little Russian Collegium. The oge mgbe ida nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu dịghị pụrụ iche territorial uru nyere.

Ụzọ nke ókè-ala e guzobere Ukraine tupu 1917 mgbanwe, dabeere mba ọzọ na anụ ụlọ iwu. The aha "New Russia" na kwekọrọ ekwekọ contours nke mba n'ókèala kpatarari mbubreyo narị afọ nke 18.