Grand Duchy nke Lithuania

Grand Duchy nke Lithuania malitere udi a oge nke ịrịba mgbanwe na mba ọnọdụ.

N'oge guzobe nke ala ẹkenịmde mmeri nke sara mbara n'ókèala Russia ndị Mongol-Tatars. Nke a bụ eziokwu bụ na mma, dị ka ndị Grand Duchy nke Lithuania E si otú a na-echebe site mbuso agha nke ọwụwa anyanwụ nke na-esote afọ.

Ebe ọ bụ na nkera nke abụọ nke narị afọ nke 12, Lithuanians e kewara abụọ agbụrụ. Ihe mbụ na-agụnye ihe elu Lithuania (aukshtayte), nke abụọ - na ala ma ọ bụ "Zhmud" (Zemaite).

Ọ ga-kwuru na Lithuanians nọ na a ala larịị ke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mmepe karịa East Slavic iche iche. Nke nta nke nta, na-Lithuanian isi ụfọdụ Russian obodo na-mma na mbadamba nkume. Mgbe Mindaugas (na Lithuanian isi) ebibi ndị iro ya, e nwere a "centralization". N'oge a ọ na-amalite na-etolite isi nke ọhụrụ ala. Grand Duchy nke Lithuania na Russian na-aga n'ihu ka ha webata na receivers Duke Mindaugas, akpan akpan n'oge ọchịchị Gediminas. Na ọ na-achị na ala banyere ókèala Lithuania n'elu na mmasị thereto n'ókèala Black rus (Poneman). Grand Duchy nke Lithuania ka ha sonyere ya na ụfọdụ nke Turov-Pinsk na Polotsk ala.

The isi obodo nke ala n'ihi na a ụfọdụ oge bụ na Russian n'ókèala Novgorodok Lithuanian. Mgbe ahụ, ọ kpaliri Vilna.

Ga na-etolite a ọhụrụ ala, nke malitere mbụ Grand isi nke Lithuania (Gediminas na Mindaugas), mgbe ha nọ na-Algirdas na Kęstutis. ọrụ e kewara n'etiti ha. N'ihi ya, na mba-agbachitere megide Knights dina n'elu n'ubu Keistut, Algirdas na-emekwa ụfọdụ na kpọọ nke Russian n'ókèala. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, Grand Duchy nke Lithuania ka ha sonyere ya Kiev, Polotsk, Volyn, Chernihiv-Seversky ebe, nakwa dị ka skirts. Old Russian ala si otú ahụ nwere ihe kwurula ọnọdụ.

Ná ngwụsị nke narị afọ nke 14 na Polish ala mkpirikpi usoro ndị eze na-achị achị. Ọ rịgooro na Polish ocheeze Louis ada Jadwiga. Mgbe echichi, alụmdi na nwunye e butere n'etiti Jadwiga na Jagiello (nọchiri Algirdas).

Mgbe agbamakwụkwọ, Jagiello na Jadwiga Krevo n'otu e banyere 1385 (Union of Lithuania na Poland). Ke adianade do, e nwere a na-ekpere arụsị baptism nke Lithuania na Catholic okwukwe. Nke a emewo ka a gharazie isi ike Orthodox okwukwe na mkpochapu okpukpe ndị ọgọ mmụọ.

Oge 14-15 narị afọ akara na anụ ụlọ na-emegide guzobere umu Olgerda Keistut ọnyà na alaka. N'ihi ya, Grand Duchy nke Lithuania e kewara ngalaba nke mmetụta. Ịchị Lithuania Vytautas obodo nta (nwa Keistut).

Dị ka akụkọ ihe mere eme, na oge a bụ heyday n'ihi na ala.

Mgbe ọnwụ nke Vytautas oge nke iju ke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Lithuania.

Na 1413 ọ nọ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ n'otu nke horodło. Na ya mbinye aka usoro amalite polonization ihe gbasara onye isi Catholic na dissemination. Ke adianade do, ya na ngwụsị Gorodelskoy n'otu malitere imepụta preconditions maka agha na Russian n'ókèala Poland Grand Duchy.

Ọnọdụ ndị na e kere na mba, mee ka akasiaha agha. Na akụkọ ihe mere na isi mmalite na ọ na-akpọ "nsogbu Svidrigaylo" (nwa Algirdas). Lithuania e kewaa abụọ. Sigismund (Keistut nwa) nọdụ Lithuania. Na Russian ala malitere ibu eze Svidrigaylo. Nnupụisi ya e-ewute ya.

Mgbe ọnwụ nke Sigismund rigoro ocheeze Casimir. N'oge ọchịchị ya, ndị Lithuanian ala jikọtara Recovers ndabere Uniate iwu. Otú ọ dị, ha ịnọgide na-ukwuu obodo.

Casimir nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ nke ya na-anọchi - Sigismund na Alexander. Mgbe ha, na osisi ẹmende Sigismund Augustus. Na-aga n'ihu agha n'etiti Russian ala na Lithuania na 1569 a tụrụ ya mkpọrọ na Poland, na Union of Lublin. Ọ dị nnọọ mkpa na akụkọ ihe mere eme mmepe nke Central na Eastern Europe. Mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke otu pụtara Rzeczpospolita - ọhụrụ ike, nke gụnyere ndị Grand Duchy jisiri ịnọgide na-enwe a na-onwe.