Ebe Constantinople? Dị ka ọ bụ ugbu a na-akpọ Constantinople?

The kpara obodo dochie ọtụtụ aha, mba na alaeze ukwu ... The ebighi-ama nke Rome, ku n'aka nke Orthodox Christianity na isi obodo nke alaeze ukwu ahụ, nke adị a na narị afọ ... Na oge a na map obodo a ị gaghị ahụ, Otú ọ dị, ọ dị ndụ ma na-eto eto. The n'ebe ahụ ọ nọ Constantinople, emi odude bụghị kwa anya n'ebe anyị. Na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke obodo a na ya dị ebube akụkọ na-emeghị-atụle n'isiokwu a.

ntoputa

Naputa n'ala, emi odude n'etiti abụọ n'oké osimiri - na Black Sea na Mediterranean, ndị mmadụ malitere na VII narị afọ BC Dị ka ha na-ekwu odide Grik, n'ebe ugwu n'ikpere mmiri nke Bosphorus biri ógbè nke Miletus. Asian Coast Strait obzhili Megara. The obodo abụọ guzo n'ihu onye ọ bụla ọzọ na - na European akụkụ nke Miletus bụ Byzantium, na Ndida n'ụsọ - Megara Kalhedon. Ọnọdụ a kwere ka obodo ịchịkwa Bosphorus. Ịgasi ahia n'etiti mba nke Oké Osimiri Ojii na Aegean Sea, mgbe nile aga nke ibu, ahia na agha mmiri nke njem enye ahịa ma n'ime obodo ndị a, nke ga-adịghị anya na-aghọ otu.

N'ihi ya, kacha dịrị warara ebe nke Bosporus mechara gụọ ya n'ọnụ mmiri nke Golden Horn, na otu ebe n'obodo Constantinople.

Mbọ weghara Byzantium

Ọgaranya na ndị Byzantium dọtara uche nke ọtụtụ ndị ọchịagha na mmeri. 30 afọ n'oge mmeri nke Daraiọs, Byzantium bụ n'okpuru ọchịchị nke alaeze ukwu nke Peasia. Golf dịtụ jụụ ndụ ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ ka ọnụ ụzọ ámá ya bịakwutere agha eze nke Macedonia - Philip. Ọtụtụ ọnwa nke nnọchibido okpu. Uchu na ndị bara ọgaranya ka ụmụ amaala họọrọ akwụ ụtụ ọtụtụ mwakpo, kama na-na ọbara agha na ọtụtụ. Imeri Byzantium n'ọnọdu eze ọzọ nke Macedonia - Akwa Alexander.

Mgbe Aleksandra Makedonskogo alaeze ahụ kewara abụọ, obodo ahụ n'okpuru nduzi nke Rome.

Christianity na Byzantium

Roman na Grik akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala omenala bụghị nanị na isi mmalite nke omenala ọdịnihu nke Constantinople. Ji ke n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ n'ókèala nke Alaeze Ukwu Rom, a okpukpe ọhụrụ, dị ka ọkụ na-agbasa nile anāchi achi nke oge ochie Rome. Kraịst obodo were n'ime ya n'ohu ndị mmadụ dị iche iche okwukwe, ọkwa dị iche iche nke muta na ego. Ma ugbua na n'oge, na narị afọ nke abụọ AD, e nwere ọtụtụ Christian ụlọ akwụkwọ na-akpa ncheta nke Christian akwụkwọ. Ọtụtụ asụsụ Christianity na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ abụrụ nke catacombs na ọsọ na-ekwu n'onwe ya n'ụwa.

Christian eze ukwu

Mgbe nkewa, nnukwu mmụta ọha na eze na-ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Alaeze Ukwu Rom malitere egosiputa onwe ha dị ka a Christian ala. Emperor Constantine were ike nọ n'obodo oge ochie, nke na-akpọ ya Constantinople, mgbe ya onwe ya. mkpagbu nke ndị Kraịst e kwụsịrị, ụlọ nsọ, na ebe ofufe nke Christ malitere asọpụrụ na par na-ekpere arụsị bụ ihu arụsị. Constantine onwe ya baptizim na ya n'ọnụ ọnwụ 337. Ụdi eze ukwu anọgide na-akwalite ma na-agbachitere okwukwe nke ndị Kraịst. A Justinian VI na. BC Christianity hapụrụ naanị steeti okpukpe site machibido oge ochie n'ememe nọ n'ókèala nke Alaeze Ukwu Byzantium.

Constantinople ụlọ arụsị

State nkwado maka okwukwe ọhụrụ nwere a nti mmetụta na ndụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ọdịdị nke obodo oge ochie. The n'ala ebe Constantinople, full nke ọtụtụ ụlọ nsọ, na ihe nnọchianya nke okwukwe nke ndị Kraịst. Na obodo nke alaeze ukwu ahụ e nwere ndị ụka, ọrụ e ẹkenịmde, na-adọta ka ya n'ohu ọzọ na ndị ọzọ adepts. Otu n'ime ihe mbụ ama Cathedrals pụta n'oge a, bụ ụlọ nsọ ahụ nke Sofia na Constantinople.

Church of St .. Sofia

Ya guzobere bụ Konstantin Veliky. Nke a aha a zuru ebe nile na Eastern Europe. Sophia akpọ a Christian senti, onye bi na II na narị afọ BC -Akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka Jizọs Kraịst maka amamihe na ihe ọmụma. N'ịgbaso ihe nlereanya nke Constantinople, akpa Christian ụka na a aha gbasaa gafee n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ala nke alaeze ukwu. Constantine nwa na onye-nketa na Byzantine ocheeze ahụ, eze ukwu Constantius wughachi ụlọ nsọ ahụ, na-eme ya ọbụna karị mara mma na saa mbara. Otu narị afọ mgbe e mesịrị, n'oge a na-ezighị ezi mkpagbu nke ndị Kraịst mbụ ọkà mmụta okpukpe na ọkà ihe ọmụma Ioanna Bogoslova, Constantinople ụlọ arụsị bibiri ndị nnupụisi ahụ, na Katidral nke St .. Sofia ọkụ n'ala.

The revival nke chọọchị na-ekwe omume naanị n'oge ọchịchị Eze Ukwu Justinian.

New Christian onye na-achị chọrọ ka e wughachi katidral. Dị ka ya, ndị Hagia Sophia na Constantinople ga na-asọpụrụ, na raara onwe ya nye ka chọọchị ya na iwu ji ya gafee ịma mma na ịdị ebube nke ihe ọ bụla ọzọ ihe owuwu nke ụdị ke ererimbot. Maka owuwu nke a masterpiece nke Emperor kpọrọ maara nke ọma architects na-ewu ụlọ nke oge - Amphimachus si Thrall na Isidore nke Miletus. Ndị na-erubere architects na-arụ ọrụ otu narị na-enyere aka, na 10 puku. Ndị mmadụ nọ na-arụrụ ọrụ na na ụlọ. Àjà Isidore na Amphimachus bụ onye kasị zuru okè ụlọ ihe - konkiri, marble, na oké ọnụ ahịa ọla. Construction kere afọ ise, na n'ihi karịa niile na-atụ anya.

Dị ka ihe ndekọ nke dịkọrọ ndụ, ezukọ na a ebe Constantinople temple we buru eze-obodo oge ochie, dị ka a ụgbọ mmiri na ebili mmiri. On ịtụnanya ọrụ ebube gbakọtara na-ahụ Ndị Kraịst nile nke alaeze ukwu.

The idem emem nke Constantinople

Na VII narị afọ na Arabian Peninsula, a ọhụrụ ike ike islam esiteghi na ala - Arab Caliphate. N'okpuru ya mgbali Byzantium tụfuru ya n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ anāchi achi, mgbe European region nwayọọ nwayọọ meriri Phrygians, ndị Slav, Bulgarians. Ebe ebe Constantinople, ugboro ugboro na a wakporo ma gbara ya gburugburu a ụtụ. Alaeze Ukwu Byzantium adịkwa ya ọnọdụ na Eastern Europe, na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ dabara ire ere.

na 1204, ndị agha ntụte agha na Venetian nsoro na French bipu were Constantinople ke ọnwa-ogologo oge nnọchibido. Mgbe ogologo eguzogide obodo dara na e Sacked site ndị mwakpo. The ọkụ bibiri ọtụtụ ọrụ nkà na ncheta. Na ntụpọ ebe guzo na ụba mmadụ ma ọgaranya Constantinople, bụ ogbenye na n'agha isi obodo Romeyskoy Alaeze Ukwu. Na 1261 na Byzantines ndị ike jideekwaozo Constantinople si Latins, ma laghachi obodo ya mbụ ịdị ukwuu bụ ekwe omume.

Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman

Site XV narị afọ Ottoman Alaeze Ukwu ifịk ifịk gbasaa ya n'ókè-ala na European n'ókèala, na-agbasa Islam site na mma-agha na iri ngarị mmasị n'ihe onwunwe ya ọzọ na ndị ọzọ ala. Na 1402, ndị Turkish Sultan Bayezid ama odomo iri Constantinople, ma e meriri site Amir Timur. The merie Anker imeda-agha nke alaeze ukwu, na akp jụụ oge nke ịdị adị nke Constantinople ọzọ ọkara narị afọ.

Na 1452, Sultan Mehmed 2 mgbe nlezianya kwadebe wee jiri isi obodo nke Alaeze Ukwu Byzantium. Nga o lekọta akada nta n'obodo, gbara ya gburugburu Constantinople na ya jikọrọ aka malite nnọchibido. N'abalị nke May 28, 1453 na obodo e weere. Ọtụtụ Christian ụka ndị ghọọ alakụba, oyiyi nke nsọ na ihe nnọchianya nke Christianity okụrede mgbidi Cathedrals, na n'elu St. Sophia ama mpekere onwa.

Alaeze Ukwu Byzantium kwụsịrị ịdị adị, na Constantinople ghọrọ akụkụ nke Ottoman Alaeze Ukwu.

Ọbubu-eze nke Suleiman ndị Ebube nyere Constantinople a ọhụrụ "Golden Age". Mgbe ọ na-wuru Suleymaniye alakụba, nke na-aghọ a akara maka ndị Alakụba, otu dị ka ọ na-anọgide nke St .. Sofia Kraịst ọ bụla. Mgbe ọnwụ nke Suleiman ọchịchị Alaeze Ukwu Ottoman ofụri ya adị wee na-icho mma n'obodo oge ochie bụ masterpieces nke ije na ije.

Metamorphosis nke obodo ahụ aha

Ke ama akada obodo Turks emeghị eze nyegharịa ya. N'ihi na ndi-Grik, ọ nọgidere na-aha ya. Kama nke ahụ, site n'ọnụ ndị Turkish na Arab bi malitere uda esiwanye "Istanbul", "Stanbul", "Istanbul" - na-esiwanye bịara mara dị ka Constantinople. Ugbu a, ọ na-akpọ abụọ nsụgharị nke si malite ndị a aha. The mbụ amụma na-ekwu na aha - a ọjọọ n'ịkpọ Greek okwu pụtara "M na-aga n'ime obodo, na-aga obodo ahụ." Ọzọ ozizi dabeere na aha nke Islambouli, nke pụtara "obodo nke Islam". Ma nsụgharị nwere ikike adị. Ọ bụla ọ bụ, aha Constantinople ka na-eji, ma ná ndụ kwa ụbọchị na-abịa na na guzosie ike, na aha nke Istanbul. N'ụdị a nke obodo, wee map nke ọtụtụ mba, gụnyere Russia, ma n'ihi na ndị Grik na ọ ka na-aha ya bụ na nsọpụrụ nke Emperor Constantine.

dịkọrọ ndụ Istanbul

Ebe bụ Constantinople, ugbu a ekesịpde Turkey. Otú ọ dị, aha nke isi obodo esesịn efu: site na mkpebi nke Turkish ọchịchị isi obodo na 1923, a kpaliri Ankara. Ọ bụ ezie na Constantinople, ugbu a na-akpọ Istanbul, n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị njem nleta na ndị ọbịa ka oge ochie Byzantium bụ ka a obodo ukwu na ọtụtụ ihe ncheta nke ije na art, ọgaranya n'ebe ndịda na-ele ọbịa, na mgbe nile kwesịrị ncheta.