Ferrous na-abụghị ferrous ọla. The ojiji, na-abụghị ferrous ọla. Non-ferrous ọla - bụ ...

Ọla anyị gburugburu mgbe niile na n'ebe niile. Taa ọ bụ ihe akụkụ nke ọtụtụ ihe na-anyị na-eji ụbọchị ọ bụla. Dị nnọọ anya gburugburu ụlọ ebe ị na-, iji ghọta ihe ọ bụ n'ezie.

Ọbụna n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, anyị maara na ihe niile ndị a minerals ihe na-kewara abụọ nnukwu iche iche - ferrous na nonferrous ọla. Olee nke bụ nke ha nwe a otu, ma na anyị nwere ịchọpụta. Gịnị bụ ndị na-abụghị ferrous ọla adị na mbara ụwa anyị?

Gịnị bụ nwa metal

Site "ferrous metal" na-ezo na udi ígwè na ya niile alloys, nke ugbu a adị. Pure bụ na ígwè na hụrụ ma e wezụga na naanị na research laboratories. Nke a bụ tumadi ígwè.

Nke a na ụdị metal a kpụrụ site ogige nke ígwè na carbon na mgbakwunye na nke mmezi ọcha nke na-enye n'ihi metal iche iche Njirimara chọrọ na a akpan akpan rụpụta (e.g., magnetik).

Iron na Steel

A, na mmepụta nke ferrous ọla-anwale ọtụtụ ọkọlọtọ n'ụzọ: ore mmịpụta na ya ọgwụgwọ na a gbawara ọkụ. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị bụ na ígwè na-enwetara, nke ekemende enweta ihe ọ bụla dị iche iche nke ígwè na ígwè alloys. Adịbeghị anya na-eji na arọ ụlọ ọrụ. N'ụzọ dị iche, ndị na-abụghị ferrous metal bụ a softer umi-enwe ubé dị iche iche Njirimara, ha na-eji ebe ọzọ.

The ígwè mejupụtara gụnyere 93% ígwè na banyere 3-5% carbon plus mmapụta ọcha na obere obere. Nke a ihe onwunwe na-adịkarịghị eji maka mmepụta n'ihi na o nwere a friability. Ọ nwere ike hụrụ na imewe nke ụdị ụfọdụ nke ọjà, valves ma ọ bụ valves. Ma, ọtụtụ nke olu nke na-emepụta ezi ígwè (90%) na-esichara n'ime ígwè.

The isi ụdị ígwè, nke na-mere nke ígwè na-: carbon na ala carbon (tara mmiri) ígwè, igwe anaghị, ferritic-chrome, Chrome, martensite-chrome, Chrome-vanadium-alloyed, nickel, tungsten, molybdenum na manganese ígwè.

ígwè ore

Dị ọcha ụdị, mmewere nke oge table na-dị na ụwa jikọrọ ọnụ na a kama obere (naanị 5.5%). Ma ọ dị nnọọ a akụkụ dị iche iche na ígwè ores.

The kasị dị ịrịba ego (oke nke ihe karịrị 30 puku ijeri tọn) bụ n'ígwé ferruginous quartzite, onye afọ bụ karịrị abụọ ijeri afọ. Ha na-agbasa tumadi na ebe dị otú ahụ dị ka North na South America, Africa, India na West Australia.

Gịnị bụ a na-abụghị ferrous ọla

Ọzọ nnukwu ìgwè nke ọla, n'adịghị gara aga otu, nwere a adụ Njirimara, ha na-ọzọ plastic, nwere thermal na ọkụ conductivity, corrosion eguzogide, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

Non-ferrous ọla - a nkwonkwo aha nke niile ọla na ha alloys, na wezụga nke ígwè. Ha ka nwere ike a na-akpọ "na-abụghị ferrous ọla", nke bụ naanị mma.

nonferrous ọla bụ:

- Gold, silver, platinum (oké ọnụ ahịa ọla);

- aluminum, titanium, magnesium, lithium, beryllium (ìhè);

- ọla kọpa, tin, idu ndú, zinc, cobalt, nickel (oké);

- niobium, molybdenum, zirconium, chromium, tungsten (refractory);

- indium, gallium, thallium (gbasasịa);

- scandium, yttrium na niile nke lanthanides (obere);

- radium, technetium, actinium, polonium, thorium, francium, uranium na transuranic ọcha (redioaktivu).

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke na-abụghị ferrous nkà mmụta banyere ígwè

Non-ferrous ọla taa ọtụtụ-eji ígwè, chemical ụlọ ọrụ, na-ewu na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ ebe nke mmepụta. N'ihi na nkà mmụta sayensị na teknuzu ọganihu akporo nke ihe a bụ mgbe niile-amụba, a na ọla mmepụta technology-aga n'ihu na mma.

N'ime oge ahụ, ojiji nke na-abụghị ferrous ọla eto, bụ nke mere ka nchọpụta nke ọhụrụ ihe na aha. More na ndị ọzọ malitere ga-eji na-metal mmepụta. Ná mmalite narị afọ nke 20, ọ na-eji banyere 15 utu aha, na na afọ 50 mgbe e mesịrị - ugboro abụọ ọzọ. Today na-eji karịa 70 dị iche iche ọla, nke bụ a ọtụtụ n'etiti ndị ugbu a na-mara.

larịị nke ibu ke ina arọ ndị na-abụghị ferrous ọla bụ n'ihi na-eto eto mkpa nke agha ụlọ ọrụ (n'ihi na mmepụta nke mgbọ), ma na otu nke ìhè na-eji na aerospace na ohere ụlọ ọrụ.

Group ochie magburu massively ji mee ka ọla na ihe ịchọ mma. Na 90s nke narị afọ nke 20 78% gold, 36% platinum na 15% nke silver e ji maka ndị a na nzube. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ndị ọzọ ebe-eji oké ọnụ ahịa ndị na-abụghị ferrous ọla, - ihe electronic mmepụta (gold kọntaktsị na ngwaọrụ), ụgbọ ala mmepụta (banyere 43% nke platinum), na ọla-ọcha e ji mee ihe maka imewe nke film na foto ihe.

Karịsịa ndị na-abụghị ferrous ọla

Onye ọ bụla nke ọla nke otu a nwere Njirimara nke akọwa ya na ọtụtụ nke thereto. Ọ na-eme ka eji na-abụghị ferrous ọla ke ọtụtụ ọrụ.

Ya mere, ka ihe atụ, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-ji a elu okpomọkụ ike na thermal conductivity, nke na-enye ha ike ngwa ngwa mma mgbe ịgbado ọkụ. E nwere a downside a: mgbe na-arụ ọrụ ọla dị ka magnesium na ọla kọpa, ha ga-reheated tupu ịgbado ọkụ, na n'oge usoro onwe ya ga-na etinyere a siri ike isi iyi nke okpomọkụ, nke mere na ha na-adịghị mma.

Ọzọ e ji mara mma bụ gụnyere ya ná n'ibu Njirimara. Na echiche nke ọ dị mkpa ka nke ọma na-arụ ọrụ na ha iji zere deformation.

Non-ferrous ọla ke kpo oku usoro ifịk ifịk banye mmeghachi omume na, haruru. Egosi nke a onwunwe nke titanium, molybdenum na tantalum.

Otu a nke ọla nwere ike ịbụ na-arụ ọrụ ruo ogologo oge, ma ha ga-echebe site oxygen, nke nbibi metal. N'ihi nke a, na-eduzi ihe atụ, na-ekpuchi a echebe ghọọ. Nga metal amenable priming usoro abụọ n'ígwé.

ọla kọpa ores

Nke a na ụdị ore bụ ihe kasị nkịtị na "agba" Atiya. Nke a metal nakwa nwere widest ubi nke na ngwa: ewu, ike ụlọ ọrụ, Aeronautics, ọgwụ, na mmepụta nke irè okpomọkụ exchangers na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

Places ọla kọpa ego nwekwara iche iche. Taa, ihe dị oké mkpa bụ mmasị na ogbenye interspersed ores (porfirovannogo ụdị) nke na-emepụta na mgbawa ugwu craters. Akpụ a chemical mmewere si na-ekpo ọkụ ngwọta nke e nri si magma-ulo. Large ọkọnọ nke a ore na-emi odude na ókèala nke North na South America.

Ọzọ ụdị ọla kọpa ores - pyrite, na amịpụtara na ala nke oké osimiri na oké osimiri. Isi Iyi - ala na Urals.

Na ọzọ nnukwu isi iyi nke ndị dị otú ahụ ores bụ ọla kọpa sandstones (Chita Oblast na Russia, Katanga na Africa).

N'ihi ya, ndị na-abụghị ferrous ọla - ihe dị oké ihe onwunwe nke na-eme ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị gbara anyị gburugburu.