Gamma-interferon: ọrụ na mkpa dị n'ahụ mmadụ

Iji chebe ahụ mmadụ pụọ na mmetụta nbibi nke pathogenic pathogens - nje, usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ nwere usoro nke na-eme ka a mata na agha megide ọrịa. Ọ bụ mmepụta mkpụrụ ndụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, T-lymphocytes, nke pụrụ iche, otu n'ime ha bụ gamma-interferon. N'ịbụ nke a na-eme na usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ ịgba mbọ na-arụ ọrụ na nchekwa. Gịnị mere o ji dị oke mkpa dịka a na-akpụ ya, ọ bụkwa ụkpụrụ dị aṅaa ka iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke akụkụ ahụ anyị ji eme - ajụjụ ndị a ka anyị ga-enweta azịza n'isiokwu a.

The chemical Ọdịdị na inweta

Ndabere nke ihe a bụ glycoprotein, peptide agbatị na carbohydrate. Ndị na-aṅụ mmiri na-ekewapụ abụọ n'ime ụdị ya, nke dị iche na ngwakọ amino acid nke mbụ na nke 139 na monomers na polypeptide chain. A na-akpọ ha gamma-interferon 1a na 2a. Onu ogugu oke ogwu bu ihe dika 20-25 kDa. Akpadoro nzaghachi maka ntinye nke anụ ahụ na mkpụrụ ndụ nke pathogenic na-anọchite anya mkpụrụ ndụ viral. N'okpuru ihe okike, a na-enweta ihe ahụ site na usoro nke biotechnology na usoro mmepụta ihe na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke bacteria E. coli, nke plasmid nwere nke mmadụ interferon gene. A na-akpọ gamma-interferon dị ka recombinant, ọ bụ akụkụ nke nkwadebe: "Immuneron", "Ingaron", "Immunomax".

Mmezi nke mmezi mmezi

Ọdịdị dị na ahụ nke ndị mba ọzọ na-ebute usoro ọgwụgwọ, na-esonyere usoro usoro nchedo, otu n'ime ha bụ mbufụt. Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka ihe nrịbama na-egosi mmalite nke ma ọrịa ahụ n'onwe ya na nzaghachi nke mkpụrụ ndụ gaa na antigens nke pathogen. Enwere mgbagwoju anya nke mmekorita n'etiti ihe nke anu aru oria. Ọ na-adabere n'ụdị nke mkpụrụ ndụ nke lymphoid mepụtara: cytokines (lymphokines). Dịka ọmụmaatụ, gamma interferon mmadụ, interleukin 2, site na mmekọrịta akpụkpọ anụ, na-eme ka mkpụrụ ndụ ndị na-amalitebeghị ịmalite ịmalite usoro ọgwụ nje, na, n'eziokwu, na-egosi ndị na-edozi. Ka anyị tụlee ha n'ụzọ zuru ezu.

Njirimara nke lymphokines

Na 6 mmadụ abụọ chromosomes bụ mmadụ nwere mpaghara nke nwere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke na-ebu ozi banyere ihe ndị antigenic nke membrane cytoplasmic na akụkụ ndị ọzọ cellular: nuclei, mitochondria, wdg. Lymphokine n'onwe ha enweghi ike imetụta nsogbu nje virus, ma ha na-ebufe ngwa ngwa banyere ọnụnọ nke ihe ndị si mba ọzọ site n'otu cell gaa na nke ọzọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, onye na-enweta antigen nke mkpụrụ ndụ na-enyere aka na T-lymphocytes TOR na-adọta mgbaàmà intracellular, na-eme ka ndị na-edozi ahụ pụrụ iche abụọ. N'ihu na ndị lymphoid anụ ahụ na-enwekwukwa mitotic nkewa usoro - proliferation, na cell-onye ogbugbo ọgụ na-ukwuu ụba. Dị ka lymphokines ndị ọzọ, gamma interferon na-emetụta usoro nke transcription nke nje virus nucleic acid, na-egbochi usoro nke ikpokọta mkpụrụ ndụ protein nke pathogenic pathogen. Enwere ike ikwu na ogige protein ndị anyị tụlere bụ ihe ndabere nke nnwere onwe mkpadoro.

Kedu usoro usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ

Gland thymus, lymph, palatinine tonsils, ngwa ngwa bụ ebe a na-azụ lymphocytes. Nchọpụta nchedo na-emepụta ọgwụ ndị na-egbochi mmepe nke mmalite ahụ na-ebute ọrịa na ahụ. Na nke mbụ nke mmepe ha, mkpụrụ ndụ nke usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ, nke a na-akpọ ndị na-enweghị uche, enweghị ike ịgbaso antigens, nje bacteria na nje virus. Ha ga-etolite ma ghọọ onye na-alụbeghị ọgụ - nke a na-eme na thymus. Usoro ahụ, nke na-emepụta mkpụrụ ndụ abụọ nchedo: Macrophages, T-lymphocytes, sel ndị na-egbu egbu, na ụdị dị iche iche nke gamma-interferon, na-achịkwa ebe obibi dị elu nke ụbụrụ.

A na-achịkwa ihe ndị ọ na-eme site n'ugwu na-adrenal, pituitary gland na hypothalamus. Mmetụta obi ọjọọ na nke mmetụta uche, nri na-adịghị edozi ahụ na àgwà ọjọọ na-ebelata nzaghasị nke ahụ, karịsịa mgbe enwere nsogbu na-adịghị ala ala. Ebe ọ bụ na nzaghachi nke ahụ bụ ngosipụta nke usoro ya niile, mgbe ọ bụla mmebi nke homeostasis na-enwe nsogbu na-adịghị mma na ọrịa ahụ.

Ngwurugwu ka gamma interferon mmadụ

N'ihe banyere ahụike, ihe ndị nwere protein ndị na-echebe site na ọgwụ mgbochi nke ụmụ anụmanụ nwere interferon recombinant na-eji dịka onye na-egbochi ọgwụgwọ na ọgwụgwọ. A na-ekpuchi mkpụrụ ndụ mgbochi ahụ site na ọbara ọbara, dị ọcha ma jiri dịka ọgwụ nje antiviral. Ọ nwere ike ime ka ọrụ nke ogige nchebe nke ahụ ya dị mma, dịka ọmụmaatụ, gamma globulins, yana belata ihe mgbaàmà nke ọrịa respiratory: agba agba na ume mgba, ụkwara.

Ọgwụgwọ ọgwụgwọ nke interferon

Echebe glycoprotein egbochi ndị multiplication nke nje na-akpali cell enzymes, dị ka protein kinez adenilatsintetazu na-enye suppression nke njikọ nke nucleic asịd na-edozi ahụ nke malitere ịrịa envelopu. Ihe a nwere ike imetụta mmetụta nke protein protein cell membrane na lymphokines, ya bụ, ọ bụ immunomodulator. A na-eji Gamma interferon maka ụmụaka na ndị okenye iji gbochie ma na-emeso ọrịa influenza na ọrịa iku ume, na-enwe ezigbo ngosipụta maka ọnụnọ nke bacillus nke Koch n'ime ahụ. Ọgwụ ahụ dị n'ụdị mbadamba, ointments, suppositories na injections.

Ojiji nke ọgwụ ọgwụ dọkịta dọkịta nwere ike ịmalite n'ime ụmụaka site na ọnwa 6, na-eburu n'uche na enweghi mmeghachi ahụ nkoropụ na nkwenkwe siri ike nke usoro obi. Nkọwapụta maka ọgwụgwọ ụmụ nwanyị bụ nrịgị na ime ime. Nkwadebe nke oge a, nke a na-eji ya na pediatrics, nwere protein nchebe nke nwere recombinant na oke dị ọcha na enweghịzi akụkụ nke polypeptide.