GDR ụgbọala hereon

Automotive ụlọ ọrụ nwere mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ nke Germany nwere ezi mgbọrọgwụ. The GDR ma ọ bụ ndị German Democratic Republic, bụ a kpere agrarian mba. E nwere osisi nke ulo oru nketa dị ka Auto Union, BMW alaka na ọtụtụ nta ụlọ ọrụ. German injinia Ikwupu mụọ na otu ụlọ akwụkwọ, otú ahụ ka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ulo oru na isi nke obodo bụ na a elu larịị. Gịnị bụ na ọgwụgwụ anyị na-idem akpakanamde ụlọ ọrụ nke GDR?

Park nke ụgbọala nke GDR ụgbọ ala

GDR ụgbọala dị iche a ọma dịgasị iche iche. Ọ na-arụpụta ịgụ na niile mara na, "Trabant", "Wartburg", EMW, "Horch", "Zwickau" na DKV. Key atụmatụ nke njem ụgbọala nke Soviet akụkụ nke Germany dị ka ndị a:

• n'ihu-wheel imewe;
• abụọ ọrịa strok engine;
• echekwa aru nke duroplastic (ukwuu n'ime);
• mfe na ike ike udi nke ahu.

Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbe nkewa nke Germany na-merged n'ime otu nnukwu ụgbọala nketa akpọ IFA ( "IFA"). Ọtụtụ mgbe pụtara IFA gwongworo. The kasị mara nlereanya n'etiti ha - W50L - nnọọ na-ewu ewu ma a na-ewu ewu aha "Ellie".

Ka anyị tụlee ihe nkowa nke GDR ụgbọala, mgbanwe, na oge mgbe ha na-agbala.

DKW - German ụgbọ ala

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke a na ụlọ ọrụ malitere na a obere engine ka a ịnyịnya ígwè. N'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na-factory agha mmepụta e guzobere. Ma onye nwe ụlọ ọrụ ike anya n'ihu ma na-elekọta nke mmepe nke ọzọ dị ike engine na a ezi uche na-eri. M nwere echiche na-ike a ụgbọ ala na-nwere ike inye ihe fọrọ nke nta onye ọ bụla.

DKW-F1 nlereanya e wepụtara tupu agha. Ọ bụ a na-cylinder, ntụ mma ụgbọ ala. E onwe ha nkwusioru na mgbe nile ike ọsọ nkwonkwo ma ọ bụ mgbe nile ike ọsọ nkwonkwo. "The ụgbọ ala nke GDR" - na ike-akpọ a nlereanya DKW-F8. Na mgbakwunye na ọ bụ modelc na F9, nke na-emepụta na ahụ, ọbụna ngwakọta. N'ihi na ihe niile nke igwe ndị a n'ihu-wheel imewe na ikuku-mma ike unit bụ ahụkarị.

The osisi, nke gara hapụ DKV, emi odude ke Zwickau na Eisenach. Nkekọ ika ígwè na-F8 na F9 ụdị bụ IFA. Ọ gwara ya otu ke United akpakanamde otu nke GDR.

"Zwickau AWZ P70"

Esonụ na mmepe nke DHQ bụ "Zwickau". DuropLAS T - kama plywood ahụ kpuchie eṅomi akpụkpọ anụ, plastic e etinyere. Nke a bụ adaba n'ihi na-akpụ a ọtụtụ ndị mejupụtara mejupụtara nke a phenolic resin na nwekwara owu feathering. N'ihi na ala nke mmepụta, na ala na ikwu na ike nke ihe ngwa ngwa nweela ewu ewu na mmefu ego ụgbọ ala na gburugburu ebe obibi.

Dị nnọọ ka ya ụzọ DKW-F8, "Zwickau" nwere a transverse engine. Enweela mmiri-jụrụ na ụgbọala ọkụ usoro 12 volts. The gearbox bụ a atọ-ogbo. Of imewe atụmatụ ga-kwuru eriri gia. Ọ na-agba nri site igwe okpomọkụ jụrụ. Cars nke GDR, teknuzu atụmatụ nke nwere ike iju, na-amanye mmasị n'ebe ha taa.

AWZ P70 ụgbọ ala ahụ mmepụta akara na 1955 na nwere ụfọdụ flaws. Karịsịa, inweta ohere ka ibu ogige, n'azụ oche e zie mkpa. E nwekwara dịghị emikpu n'akụkụ windo. A afọ mgbe e mesịrị pụtara combi version, nke nwere nnukwu buut na a ìhè n'elu ụlọ mere nke gwara mmanụ sịntetik akpụkpọ anụ. More sports nlereanya e wepụtara a afọ mgbe e mesịrị, nke nwere a budata redesigned aru, ma ọkọlọtọ maka igwe ndị a engine.

Na-ewu ewu "Trabant"

Trabant na German pụtara "Sputnik". Ntọhapụ nke a òtù nzuzo ụgbọ ala na oru na 1957, bụ mgbe mbụ Soviet satellite na oru n'ime ohere. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ugbo ala, bipụtara n'okpuru aha "Trabant", gụnyere P70 iso, karịa 3 nde. Nke a ụgbọ ala ika nke GDR bụ n'ezie ngosipụta nke mba. N'agbanyeghị otú emegbu, "Trabi", na ekele a igwe a ukwuu nke ndị mmadụ nwere ike 'iguzosi na wiil. " Ya mere, ihe bụ nke a ụgbọ ala?

Dị nnọọ ka ya ụzọ "Zwickau P70", "Trabant P50" (nakwa dị ka version nke P60 na P601) nwere duroplastovy ahụ na a metal ọkpụkpụ. The ike unit bụ a abụọ ọrịa strok ike nke 26 lita. a. ma a 0,5 ma ọ bụ 0,6 liter olu. Engine Cooling bụ ikuku. Mmanụ ụgbọala na carburetor site ike ndọda natara si mmanụ ụgbọala tank, bụ nke dị ebe a, na engine ogige. Chadyaschie engine mesịrị ghọọ a nnukwu mwepu. N'ihi na nke ya na "Trabi" bụ a aha otutu - "Quadruple okpu ọgba tum tum na n'ozuzu."

The n'ihu ma n'azụ suspensions ndị nọọrọ onwe ha. Structurally, e rụrụ ke transverse iyi. Kpọmkwem n'iru gia e rụrụ ekele na ogbe gia. Part nke ụgbọ ala, mere maka ndị mmadụ na nkwarụ, nwere a ọkara akpaka gearbox. Nnyefe ọrụ aka site na-akwọ na ipigide na-eme na-akpaghị aka site na a pụrụ iche electromechanical mgbakọ.

Na 1988, "Trabant" nweta nkwalite ka P1.1 nlereanya. The isi mgbanwe - ọhụrụ engine si WV Polo ike nke 41 lita. a. na a na-arụ ọrụ ibu nke 1.1 lita. E wezụga kpochapụwo Sedan, Trabant ahụ na ọdụ wagon. E nwekwara a nlereanya nke na-emeghe opi agha na dinta. Njem ụgbọala nke GDR, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe e kere eke nke na-mepụtara ọnụ na ụlọ ọrụ, bụ ezigbo ndị na-ndị bi na. "Trabi" - otu n'ime ndị ụgbọala.

"Wartburg" si GDR

Mark nke GDR "Wartburg" ụgbọ ala - nke abụọ kasị ama mgbe "Trabant". Ndị a ụgbọala zukọrọ na osisi na Eisenach ọzọ kemgbe 1956. The ndabere maka ụgbọ ala na-eje ozi dị ka "IFA F9" ma ọ bụ ndị DKW F9, nke e nyere na mbụ. Model designation bụ Wartburg 311. Na iche na "Trabant" na ya ụzọ, bụ "Wartburg" nwere ihe metal na imewe. The aru ọzọ ruru ka ihe n'ime ụgbọ ala bụ ihe ndị ọzọ saa mbara.

The ike unit 311 na Wartburg bụ 3-cylinder abụọ ọrịa strok. Nkịtị lubrication usoro ka adịghị e mepụtakwara. Ya mere, site na iyuzucha anwụrụ ọkụ bụ kpọmkwem na pụrụ iche ọgba tum tum ewe nu olu-mgbe engine na-agba ọsọ. Ọzọkwa, n'adịghị Trabant, "Wartburg" nwere mmiri jụrụ. The uru nke nlereanya kwesịrị ịgụnye pụtara n'oge a n'ihi na ndị na afọ anya.

Na 1965, na "Wartburg" na-enwe modernization. Ọ na-e budata redesigned ahu. Gburugburu akara nwayọọ nwayọọ dochie kpọmkwem. Mgbanwe e debara 353. Large sara mbara ogwe ọbụna ihe gbanwee ụdị n'ụgbọala na ụgbọala pikọp. Ọdịdị ụgbọ ala ihe reminiscent nke Soviet VAZ-2101. Isi mwepu nke nlereanya bụ otu 2-strok engine. Obere-ọnụ ọgụgụ mmepụta na-eme ka "Wartburg" ihe dị oké ọnụ, na iche otu "Trabi". N'ozuzu, Otú ọ dị, price bụ dị, na ụgbọala e ọma exported ka mba ndị agbata obi.

Ikpeazụ ntaghari ohuru "Wartburg" mere na 1988. Mgbe ahụ ụgbọ ala nwetara ọnụ ọgụgụ 1.3 wee a nkịtị moto si WV Polo olu nke 1.3 lita. Otú ọ dị, n'ozuzu nkà na ụzụ ọdịiche a siri ike, na 1991 osisi e zụtara site Opel. Na Wartburg taa, dị ka ndị fọdụrụ nke GDR ụgbọala - a ụkọ.

Soviet BMW

Ọ maara na na ókèala nke Soviet German (ma ọ bụ East Germany) bụ a factory BMW. Olee ụdị ugbo ala na-emepụta na osisi, nke na-nationalized? Ozugbo agha e mere BMW 321 na BMW 327. The ọhụrụ nlereanya bụ a classic egwuregwu ụgbọ ala mgbe ahụ. N'ihi na ezi mma mpụga ọdịdị nke igwe zoro 6-cylinder na fọrọ nke nta 2-liter engine. Mmanụ ụgbọala abatakwa engine 2 carburetors. 327 nlereanya nwere ike mee ngwangwa na 125 km / h.

Mgbe na ntọala nke GDR iji BMW ika aghọwo agaghị ekwe omume. Ya mere, ọ e chepụtara ya designation - EMW, nke sụgharịrị n'aka "ndị Eisenach Motor Works." Na mbụ atụ nke ọhụrụ ụlọ ọrụ na 1949, ghọrọ EMW 340. Ọ rụgharịrị BMW 326 na, n'ezie, nke mbụ nke ụgbọ ala GDR. Kpamkpam redesigned ahụ, na-ahapụ ihe fọrọ nke nta na-agbanweghi agbanwe powerplant. Ugbu a ụgbọala nwere ike ịgba ígwè ise n'ime ha. Torque e mụbara 4200 rev. / Min. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na ukwuu uka nke ọsọ kacha bụ ihe na-erughị - 120 km / h.

3 arụpụta mgbanwe EMW 340: Sedan, ebe n'ụgbọala ma ọ bụ combi n'ụgbọala na nke ka nke osisi. The ụgbọ ala e ji mee ọtụtụ ke mba ọrụ ndị dị ka ndị uwe ojii, n'ụlọ ọgwụ na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ụgbọala taa na-abuana ke retrovystavkah na ndị mara mma nọ n'ọrụ ná ndụ. Ọtụtụ oru ngwọta e ji EMW na mgbe gụnyere ke "Wartburg 311". Real GDR ụgbọala, photos, nkọwa nke nwere ike hụrụ n'isiokwu a taa - ezigbo rarities.

Ugbo ala nke mgbanaka agbụrụ - "Melkus RS1000"

Anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere a agbụrụ ụgbọ ala si German Democratic Republic, nke anakọtara a obere ogbako n'okpuru nduzi nke Heinz Melkusa. Nwoke a bụ ihe uchu racer mgbanaka. First o meghere a ịnya ụgbọ akwụkwọ, na mgbe ahụ na e nwere onye na echiche na-anakọta na ndabere nke "Wartburg" ọduọ ụgbọala.

Na 1959 wee akpa sports variant nke Melkusa. Ihe nlereanya aha dị mfe: "Melkus-Wartburg". Na 1968 ọ malitere ọrụ na ahụ n'ụdị a egwuregwu coupe si faiba glaasi. Nlereanya a na-eburu ụdị gull-nku ụzọ. Dị ka ike unit eji 70 ma ọ bụ 90 horsepower moto na olu nke 1-1.2 lita. N'ihi ya, a agbụrụ ụgbọ ala nwere ike iru gbapụrụ ọsọ ruo 165 km / h (maka 9 sekọnd 100 km / h). Nke a mgbanwe e wepụtara Melkus RS1000. Naanị banyere 100 mbipụta na-emepụta. N'ụzọ dị mwute, mgbe ọnwụ nke Heinz ịnọgide na-arụ ọrụ na-eme egwuregwu ụgbọala emeghị.

All-wheel mbanye ụgbọala nke GDR

GDR ụgbọala nwere ike ghara ịnya isi cross, ọ bụ ezie na e nwere ndị ezigbo ihe niile na-wheel mbanye (4 × 4) igwe, nke na-adịghị na-ekesa. Nke mbụ bụ "Horch". Atugharị ọ bụ Horch 901, ma aha ahụ bụ dị iche iche - HK1. E n'ịnyịnya V-ụdị engine, nke nwere 80 l. a. na a olu nke 3.6 lita.

The abụọ anọ na-wheel mbanye ụgbọala e mepụtara n'oge mbụ alaka nke BMW na Eisenach. Main aha - P1, ma e nwere ndị ọzọ nhọrọ: EMW 325/3, Kfz 3. ụgbọ ndị ahụ nwere a 2-liter 6-cylinder ike unit nke 55 lita. a. Tupu osisi kpamkpam wughachi n'okpuru "Wartburg", jisiri ime banyere 160 iberibe P1.

Ihe bụ isi anọ na-wheel mbanye nlereanya, GDR e were dị ka P2. Ọ na-emepụta na a nzuzo "Object 37" n'oge oge site 1955 na 1958. banyere 1,800 nkeji e mepụtara n'oge a. Hibere, ụgbọala bụ nnọọ homely. Angular ụgbọelu nke ahụ anọwo na ikekwe na ọnụ ala na-emepụta. Ma n'ihi na nke a anya na-ezo dị ike 6-cylinder engine nke 2.4 liter olu na 65 lita. a. na obere-wheel-mbanye isi.

The ikpeazụ mmepe nke GDR emepụta aghọwo a nlereanya P3. Ground nwechapụ aghọwo ọbụna ihe - 330 mm. Number nke moto "ịnyịnya" nwekwara ụba ka 75. Ọzọkwa bịara ọzọ adị ọdịdị nke ahu. Lee, e nwere a 4-ọsọ ntuziaka na na 2-ọsọ nyefe ikpe. Ị nwere ike igbachi etiti esi.

Light ụgbọala "Barkas"

Cars nke GDR, nke nwere a ika IFA designation n'ezie nwere ngwaahịa dị iche iche na ụlọ ọrụ. Otu mara banyeghachi n'ụgbọala anyị na ìhè gwongworo "Launch". Two-strok engine nke "Wartburg" N'ezie, ọ bụghị ihe ngwọta kasị mma. Na nke a, "Barkas" nwere onwe ha nkwusioru na torque bụla wheel. N'ihi n'ihu-wheel mbanye ulo n'ala banyeghachi n'ụgbọala anyị bụ ndị kasị undervalued. Nke a na-agbakwụnye ịrịba ime ohere.

3-cylinder engine na olu nke 1 liter clocked ụgbọala ruo 8 ndị mmadụ 100 km / h. The mbụ version of "Longboat" bụ designation V 901/2 ma ama na a eji n'akụkụ ụzọ. Ọ na-emepụta dị otú ahụ a ụgbọala na 1951-1957 afọ.

Mgbe mgbanwe ndị ụgbọala na ihe engine si IL: "Moskvich 412". Nke a sample na aha ya bụ Barkas B1000. Mgbe e mesịrị, na 1989, na "Launch" na-arụnyere dizel 4-strok moto si WV. index nlereanya otú gbanwere B1000-1.

The isi isi nke "Longboat B1000" natara a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke specializations. Ebe a bụ:

• microbus;
• ụgbọala maka ụgbọ ihe mberede;
• ọku engines;
• ụgbọala maka iji tụtee mmadụ;
• gwara mmanụ banyeghachi n'ụgbọala anyị.

GDR ụgbọala "Barkas" nnọọ na ina. N'ihi na ihe niile na oge nke ha mmepụta ya e wepụtara ihe fọrọ nke nta 180 000 nkeji.

Gwongworo "IFA"

N'ihi na okwu a "ụgbọala" ELISA "siri ike ịhụ otu nke a akpan akpan ụgbọ ala ka a kpọmkwem nchegbu. N'otu oge ọ bụ a ọtụtụ nke aghara, ma n'ikpeazụ, IFA ụgbọala a na-ewere W50L ụgbọ ala na a mba aha" Ellie ". The akwụkwọ ozi W na aha na-ezo aka n'obodo ebe e mere a ụgbọ ala - Werdau a akwụkwọ ozi nke L -. a obodo ebe ọ na-emepụta -. The nọmba 50 Ludwigsfelde na-ekwu na na gwongworo pụrụ ibu 50 quintals, ma ọ bụ 5 ise.

IFA W50L nwere dizel ike unit mbụ na 110 lita. s, mgbe mgbanwe -. na 125 lita. a. Ọ na-a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nkọwa nke ụgbọala. E doro ndi firefighters, cranes, kpofuru gwongworo, mkpọpu ala rigs. The foto nke agha ụgbọala nke GDR nwekwara ike e sere kpọmkwem W50L.

Truck "Ellie" na akwa ina na bụ nnọọ ewu ewu na-na na East Germany, kamakwa ná mba ọzọ. The USSR nwekwara ji ju ụgbọala na a flatbed ụgbọala. N'ime dum 25-afọ si ebu rịdata karịa 570 puku nkeji.

The gwongworo "Robur"

"Robur" bụ a na-ajụ-oru gwongworo arụpụtara kemgbe 1961 n'obodo Zittau. Le Model 2500 ike na-ebu ruo 2.5 tọn payload. E nwekwara a dizel version LD 2500 na ihe niile na-wheel mbanye agha version of le 1800a, na onye were a ibu nke 1,800 n'arọ.

Na 1973, e nwere a mgbanwe na ntụziaka nke na-amụba na-ebu ikike. Ugbu a dizel ụgbọ ala-akpọlite 2.6 tọn na mmanụ ụgbọala - 3 na 2 tọn. Powertrains aghọwo ndị ọzọ dị ike. 75 "ịnyịnya" na-mmanụ ụgbọala "Robur" na 70 - dizel. Tagzi agbanwebeghị na-chọpụtara mmadụ 3.

The ụgbọ ala adịghị dị ka ewu ewu dị ka IFA W50L, na site ufọt ufọt 70s malitere aghọ gharazie ịba uru. Fọrọ nke nta niile ibu GDR ụgbọala, photos nke nwere ike hụrụ na isiokwu a, nwere a dị mfe angular iche-iche. Ma isi ọdịiche bụ, n'ezie, oru.

Adaba n'ụgbọala multikar

GDR ugbo ala bu park ụgbọala na gwongworo. Ma n'etiti ha bụ ụdị ihe ahụ ka Multicar. Nke a na ìhè-oru gwongworo maka iche iche na nzube. Firms amị multikary na-akpọ - Multicar. Ọ nọgidere na-ruo 2005.

First multikary GDR zubere maka nkesa nke ibu n'ime nkwakọba na factory ogige. Nke a dizel ugbo ala DK2002 na DK2003. Mgbe e mesịrị, gbanwetụrụ nlereanya DK2004 aha ya bụ Multicar M21. Nke a ụgbọala na-e jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ kọwakwuru. Ọ bụrụ na mbụ na-akwọ nwere ike na-eguzo ya na mgbe ọ nọdụrụ ala, ma mesịa ghọọ a abụọ ulo multikara.

GDR ụgbọ ala

Na mgbakwunye na ogige nke ụgbọala na gwongworo na GDR enwere a ụgbọ ala n'ichepụta ụlọ ọrụ. Ha na-emepụta onwe enterprise Fritz Fleischer. Brand S1 na S2 ụgbọ ala na-wuru na ndabere nke IFA H6B. Na 70s nke mbụ nlereanya nke a na ahu na dochie na aha: S4 na S5, karị. Cars nke GDR akara S4, S5 ruo mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke 80 nyere a oké ọrụ, n'ihi na e wezụga mba ọzọ "Ikarus" ụgbọ ala na Union bụ ọzọ.

kama a ọgwụgwụ

Ịtụle GDR nlereanya ụgbọala, ga-amarakwa dum akụkọ ihe mere nke guzobere. Ihere na unsightly-na-achọ ụgbọala juputara enyere ndị mmadụ nke ndị ugboro. Na na oge a nke ndị GDR ụgbọala - nnọọ curiosities.