Gịnị bụ a na-arụ. Definition nke oru ngo, ya mgbaàmà na e ji mara

Project dabeere obibia ọbọ ya ihe mgbaru ọsọ na-enyere:

1) Ikpokọta ịrịba maka ụlọ ọrụ ebumnobi, inweta nke bụ omume na-abịanụ.

2) irè atụmatụ maka oke nke ego.

3) ahazi omume nke nduzi na performers.

Gịnị bụ ngo? The definition

Okwu "oru ngo» (projectus) sụgharịta si Latin dị ka "pụtara ìhè, retractable-atụ bulging". Ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-egwu azụ okwu na ọkọwa okwu nke Oxford, anyị na-enweta: "a ọma-zubere mmalite nke azụmahịa, onwe kere a ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ a na nkwonkwo oru nke a choro iji nweta kpọmkwem ebumnobi." Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ahụ azịza ajụjụ a n'ihe ndị ọzọ zuru ezu, mgbe ahụ oru ngo - bụ:

• mkpọsa (ma ọ bụ ndepụta nke soje omume), site na nke nsogbu ga-edozi ụfọdụ ajụjụ ma ọ bụ rụrụ a amamiihe echiche;

• otu ma ọ bụ karịa otu oge ihe aga-eme, na-enweghị nke oru ngo ga-esi ike, na definition nke isi ebumnobi;

• nwa oge ọrụ rụrụ ke a-adọ ha n'ụzọ na ebighị nke a ụfọdụ ego nke ego;

• ikpe, ẹkụre nke bụ Ẹkot inweta chọrọ N'ihi;

• obere oge na ego, a set nke mgbalị ma ọ bụ ihe omume na-nso iche (niile ọrụ rụrụ site n'ụzọ pụrụ iche kere ihe aga-eme dị otú ahụ nzukọ);

• ndepụta nke ihe mgbe oge ruru, mmejuputa nke ga-eduga ihe nweta nke a otu ziri ezi n'ihi; Dị ka a na-achị, ndị a jikoro na-iji na qualitative mgbanwe ma ọ bụ mmepe nke a ọhụrụ ngwaahịa (ọrụ);

• popularization na structuring nke ọtụtụ echiche na kọwaa ngo ebumnobi na-akụkụ nke isi oru ngo, na nkwonkwo mmejuputa iwu dị iche iche edinam atụmatụ (eme);

• imewe nke soje arụmọrụ, mmejuputa iwu nke ga nweta ụfọdụ ihe ndị ke ogologo okwu;

• ndekọ zuru ezu banyere ihe omume zubere maka a kpọmkwem oge na n'okpuru kpọmkwem ọnọdụ, nzube nke nke - iji gbanwee ọnọdụ n'ọdịnihu;

• omume ka a na njikere nke a zuru ezu atụmatụ na-enye a usoro nke arụmọrụ iji na a oké mgbanwe na ẹdude ọnọdụ;

• nrọ maka a usoro nke nwere ike ọfiọk ke ini iso, sochiri depụtara ebe a na-eji echiche nke onwe;

• ọmụmụ nke isiokwu nke mmasị na ugbu n'ihi ebu ihe emereme atụmatụ maka ọdịnihu.

Site umu oru ngo pụrụ ịbụ onye (atụ, mmepe nke a onye website) ma ọ bụ na-emepe emepe, ike otu ịgbanwe (mgbe ụfọdụ - n'ofè ude).

atụmatụ

The oru ngo, nke bụ ihe pụrụ iche njirimara, a na-akpọ ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ ọhụrụ. Ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-agaghị na-ekpeghachi egbu (ma ọ bụ adịghị mkpa ka a gwara okwu mgbe) ọ bụla mgbe nke oru ngo na n'ọdịnihu dị nso, ọ na-akpọ a otu-apụ.

Ọ bụrụ na ọgwụgwụ N'ihi ga-enwetara na a gaghị agara timeframe, ya mere, a akụkụ pụrụ iche nke oru ngo - oge ịgba. Na mgbe mejuputa oru ngo na ndụ na-achọ na òkè nke ndị ọkachamara si dị iche iche ubi, oru ngo definition nwere ike "dabara" na otu onye okwu na - Interdisciplinarity.

ize ndụ

The ize ndụ na ihe mgbagwoju ke imewe na management nke oru ngo na-ebilite bụ na ihe omume ndị dị otú ahụ nsogbu na-adịghị edozi. Riskiness nke oru ngo na-adabere na ya akporo na mmejuputa akụrụngwa (e ndị dị mkpa ngwá, ihe na ngwaọrụ). Ọtụtụ ihe ize ndụ, n'ihi na ihe atụ, na-agba ego oru ngo, na-definition nke na isi mmalite nke nwere ike ịbụ na-enweghị mkpa ihe ọmụma.

Financing nke ego oru

Domestic ego ma ọ bụ onwe-ego bụ rụrụ na-efu nke ụlọ ọrụ - nchoputa nke oru ngo na-enye maka mmefu nke onwe onye ego nke oke n'akụ. Ọzọkwa bụghị chịrị si ekwe omume nke na-eji net uru nke enterprise, nakwa dị ka damper onyinye, na isi obodo guzobere a nditịm ezubere iche. Nke a na ụdị ego bụ nanị kwe omume ma ọ bụrụ na a obere oru ngo.

Definition nke oru ngo, kwụrụ ụgwọ externally:

1) Mpụga ego nwere ike ịbụ na-efu nke ala, ego na ndị na-abụghị ego ụlọ ọrụ, bi, mba ọzọ investors na ndị ọzọ na ego na mkpofu nke founders.

2) incorporation na mbak.

3) Investment ichekwa ego na bank na kaadị agbụ.

ịmachi ihe

Ọ bụla oru ngo mejupụtara atọ na ịmachi ihe:

• Oge. Iji ọma gbakọọ oge nke oru ngo, nke teknuzu nsogbu ekewa ụlọ blocks, na mgbe ahụ na-amata "podomnost 'akporo ọrụ na tụnyere ha pụta ahụmahụ nke ọma mmepe.
• Resources. Ka ihe atụ, mmadụ nwere: mkpara management, definition nke oru ngo na-arụ ọrụ site na iji ha talent na ikike.
• N'ihi. The mmiri nke a ihe ndị dị ka ndị: ego viability, ọkà ahịa, na-eri-irè, ngo manager na ọkachamara performers.

imewe mmemme

Ịtụle ọrụ ọ bụla nzukọ bụ fọrọ nke nta mgbe niile kwere omume na iba isi variants nke ya na-eme, na-adị n'otu oge:

• na-akpọ "na-eme" na ugboro ugboro ọrụ ma ọ bụ azụmahịa;

• oru ngo.

Isi ọdịiche dị n'etiti ndị a abụọ na ụdị ihe omume - cyclical ọdịdị nke ugboro ugboro Filiks, na subordination nke ihe edinam plan iji na ọbọ a pụrụ iche N'ihi.

Ihe atụ, na n'ichepụta, amị ụgbọala, ọrụ shop conveyors, ajụjụ mgbawa na nhazi nke ozi metụtara na Ntighari arụmọrụ. Ugboro ugboro azụmahịa na-ji a pụtara ịrịba ogo n'aka, na-achọ a Ịhazi obibia, nke Aims - dịkwuo mmepụta arụmọrụ nke ẹdude ụlọ ọrụ na ngwá.

Definition nke oru ngo-lekwasịrị anya, mmejuputa iwu nke ọ bụla esịtidem ma ọ bụ mpụga mgbanwe, bụ ihe atụ, ihe e kere eke nke ọhụrụ mmegharị retrofitting conveyors ma ọ bụ iwebata ọhụrụ akpaaka usoro. Mpụga mgbanwe nwere ike ikwu na ahịa mkpọsa, ndọtị nke nzukọ ahụ na-eme, mgbanwe ahịa mmekọahụ. Ọ bụ omume, akpan akpan, rịba ama ndị na-esonụ ọdịiche:

• Projects nchikota guzobere (reorganization nke enterprise, ọhụrụ na na);

• azụmahịa guzobere oru ngo (research mmepe, mmepụta nke ọhụrụ ngwaahịa, e guzobere na-aga n'ihu na ọnọdụ, ohere na mbụ amaghị ahịa);

• guzobere oru ngo (ụbọ) akụrụngwa (ndokwa mmezi, nnọchi nke na ngwá na na);

• azụmahịa atụmatụ emejuputa n'okpuru nkwekọrịta (nyere mbụ ma ọ bụ unpresentable mmepụta, ewu, nsụgharị nke mbụ ọrụ).

Nke a ndepụta nwere ike iso, ma ọ bụrụ na ị na ikpokọta ya ihe atụ si dị iche iche ulo oru ebe na ịrịba iche dị na ịdị ukwuu nke na-arụ ọrụ, deadlines, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị ọrụ na mkpa nke nsonaazụ.

Elekwasị anya na na-na-arụpụta

Ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ọ bụla oru ngo - inweta a kpọmkwem N'ihi ya, ya bụ, ihe mgbaru ọsọ. The kpọmkwem ebumnobi - na nke ahụ bụ-akwọ ụgbọala odudu n'azụ oru ngo.

Definition nke oru ngo na-agụnye ogbugbu nke-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ aga-eme. Projects iji na ihe mgbaru ọsọ, nyere a miri n'ime uche dị mkpa maka ha, mmejuputa iwu. The isi mma nke oru ngo management - ziri ezi na mkpebi siri ike na Nwa nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ, na-amalite n'elu-larịị na-agwụcha na zuru ezu Nwa nke obere mkpa ebumnobi.

Ke adianade do, oru ngo nwere ike hụrụ dị ka a nzọụkwụ site nzọụkwụ nweta nnọọ n'ụzọ doro anya setịpụrụ mfe aga-eme, na ya nkwalite - esi nweta ukwuu mgbaru ọsọ. Oru ngo a na-ewere zuru ezu nanị mgbe ha ruru ihe mgbaru ọsọ kasịnụ.

Gịnị bụ a Pọtụfoliyo nke oru ngo

Pọtụfoliyo (Pọtụfoliyo) - a collection of oru ngo (mmemme), n'otu na otu nzube: mee ka akara ihe ọma na-aga nke ọma. Egbute oru na Pọtụfoliyo nwere ike interconnected, bụghị cumulative general nzube ma na-adị onwe ha.