Gịnị bụ a ngwakọ ụgbọ ala? Kasị baa uru ngwakọ Vehicles

Ngwakọ ụgbọala bụ nwayọọ nwayọọ ma n'ezie-anọgide na-alụ ọgụ maka ọnọdụ ke uwa akpakanamde ahịa. Ọwụwa ewu ewu na nke ndị dị otú ahụ na ụdị na-mmepụta-eme nnọọ ihe ihe - iji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebili ahịa maka mmanụ dizel na mmanụ ụgbọala, iwebata ọzọ tiri chọrọ maka arụmọrụ na-eri-irè nke ọhụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi ụkpụrụ engines.

Ngwakọ Vehicles: Gịnị ka ọ bụ?

"Ngwakọ" na Latin - ihe nwetara dị ka a N'ihi nke na ijikọta ọcha nke heterogeneous malite. Na ụwa nke akpakanamde technology na echiche a na-agụnye a Nchikota abụọ na ụdị powertrains. Ọ bụ banyere ndị esịtidem combustion engine (ICE) na ihe electric moto (ọzọ - moto, a abịakọrọ ikuku). Na a nke oge a ụgbọ ala na-emepụta enye mkpa nwere ọgụgụ isi ike management usoro.

E nwere ihe abụọ na ụdị ike osisi nke akpakanamde adọ ụdị ụfọdụ - zuru (full adọ ụdị ụfọdụ) na fechaa (nwayọọ adọ ụdị ụfọdụ). The mbụ nhọrọ na-agụnye na-akwadebe a dị ike electric moto ụgbọ ala, n'ụzọ dị irè paired na esịtidem combustion engine na bụ ike inye ije nke igwe na ala na-agba. The lite version nke electric moto ọ bụ naanị a naakwagide ọrụ.

A obere njem mmụta n'ime akụkọ ihe mere eme

The mbụ mmepụta ngwakọ ụgbọala "Toyota" (Toyota Prius liftback) bịara anya nzukọ akara fọrọ nke nta iri afọ abụọ gara aga, na 1997. Mgbe afọ abụọ gasịrị, "Honda" ka ẹkenam a nlereanya Insight, na mgbe a mgbe na Japanese na-emepụta sonyeere European na American auto Refeyim - "Ford", "Audi", "Volvo", "BMW". Site na 2014, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke adọ ụdị ụfọdụ na-ere nsoro gafere asaa nde milestone.

Ma na-eche na esịtidem combustion engine na electric moto ke ụzọ akwụ na na njedebe nke XX narị afọ. Bu ụzọ mụọ n'etiti avtogibridov na anyị ugbu a nghọta bụ Lohner-Porshe Semper Vivus - ụgbọ ala mere site kpara Austrian mmebe Ferdinand Porsche azụ na 1900.

Atụmatụ nke ngwakọ propulsion

yiri

N'ihi na ugbo ala na nke ahụ yiri ibe circuit na-emejuputa atumatu, ọ bụ a na-eduga engine nke esịtidem mgbanye. Ike electric moto-arụ a naakwagide ọrụ, tinyere n'oge osooso ma ọ bụ braking, regenerative ike na ebuka. Anọgidesi nke esịtidem combustion engine na ihe electric moto na-nyere site a na kọmputa akara usoro.

na-agbanwe agbanwe

The mfe esereese nke a ngwakọ ụgbọala. Ya ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe dabeere na nnyefe nke torque si esịtidem combustion engine generator, site na ọkụ eletrik na ebubo batrị. Machine ngagharị na-nyere site ihe electric ike ụgbọ okporo ígwè.

mbuaha

Nhọrọ imekotaotuugbo mmezu nke usoro na ihe yiri na sekit na sekit. Akpụ akpụ site na ntụpọ ahụ, na-akpụ akpụ na ala gbapụrụ ọsọ, na ụgbọala na-eji electric traction, na esịtidem combustion engine enye generator. Okporo ụzọ na elu na-agba na-adị n'ihi na nnyefe nke torque si esịtidem combustion engine ka mbanye wiil. Na ọnụnọ nke elu ibu ezitekwara electric inyeaka ike na-ewe ke batrị. The na mmekọrịta nke electric moto na esịtidem combustion engine na-enweta site a mbara gia.

uru

A ngwakọ ụgbọ ala na-agwakọta uru nke ihe electric moto na igwe na engine. Uru nke moto - torque pụtara ìhè e ji mara dị ka esịtidem combustion engine - a mmiri mmiri na mmanụ ụgbọala na-adaba adaba ike isi iyi. The mbụ irè mode nke Ugboro akwụsị na-amalite, na-ahụkarị obodo ịkwọ ụgbọala, nke abụọ - na mgbe nile na-agba. -Apụghị ịgbagha agbagha uru nke a tandem:

• arụmọrụ (maka otu ọsọ nke ngwakọ mmanụ ụgbọala oriri 20-25% ala karịa na oge gboo model);
• elu ike idobere;
• ebe obibi (belata ego nke na-emerụ anwuru n'ime ikuku site ò mmanụ ụgbọala oriri);
• kacha nta breeki na mpe mpe akwa wear (nyere site regenerative braking);
• mma na-agba ọsọ na arụmọrụ egosi;
• ike ịzọpụta na re-eji ume (nchekwa na-batrị na pụrụ iche capacitors).

-adịghị emezi emezi

• Elu na-eri, n'ihi na mgbagwoju anya nke imewe nke ike osisi.
• Oké ọnụ mmezi ngwakọ ugbo ala na nsogbu na mkpofu batrị.
• Dịtụ nnukwu ibu.
• Battery susceptibility onwe-agbapụta n'ahụ.

Gịnị ime ụgbọ ala nwe?

Car enthusiasts n'ụwa nile ifịk ifịk-ịkọrọ ha ahụmahụ nke na-emeri n'okporo ụzọ na-anọ amụta nke ígwè ọrụ site n'inyocha uru na ọghọm nke ha maara ụdị. Ghara ịnọgide na-enweghị uche na ngwakọ ụgbọala. Nyocha nke ndị nwe ha akaebe doro ntụkwasị obi nke igwe ndị a na-ekwe omume ịrịba ego nke ezinụlọ mmefu ego, na-aga maka zuo nke mmanụ ụgbọala. The ikpeazụ uru dị ezigbo mkpa ka ndị na-amasị ogologo njem. N'etiti ọghọm nwere ebe a na-arụzi na-eri nke adọ ụdị ụfọdụ na ndị kasị njọ tụnyere classic ụgbọala, cornering kwụsie ike.

Elu nke kacha mma ụdị

Toyota Prius ( "Toyota Prius")

Pioneer adọ ụdị ụfọdụ ezinụlọ, onwem na abụọ electric Motors (ike nke 42 kW na 60 kW), na Nchikota na esịtidem combustion engine nke 1.8 liter (ikike 98 l. C.). Oke ọsọ - 180 km / h. N'ihi oké ọnụ price na ahụkebe mmanụ ụgbọala aku na uba, Toyota Prius ruo ọtụtụ afọ, bụ onye ndú na okwu nke ahịa n'etiti asọmpi na ya nke.

Toyota Camry ngwakọ ( "Toyota Camry")

The ngwakọ ụgbọala ebe nnọọ echekwa, mara mma imewe, nkasi obi, elu processability. Ọzọ uru nke atọhapụ a Toyota Camry ibe adọ ụdị ụfọdụ, - ngwa ngwa osooso (maka 7.4 sekọnd, nlereanya a nwere ike mee ngwangwa na 100 km / h).

Chevrolet volt ( "Chevrolet volt")

Uru anọ hatchback magburu onwe na-agba ọsọ ji mara. Rechargeable ngwakọ (nkwụnye na ngwakọ ụgbọala). Ọ na-onwem na a mmanụ ụgbọala engine (olu 1.4 liter, 84 liter ike. S.), Block lithium-ion batrị-enwe ogologo ọrụ ndụ, na electric moto ụgbọala ụgbọala. Agbara na electric mepere emepe - banyere 54-60 km.

Volvo V60 nkwụnye ( "Volvo V60 nkwụnye")

Mbụ n'etiti avtogibridov nlereanya turbodiesel engine (olu 2.4 liter, 215 liter ike. S., Nkezi oriri nke dizel kwa 100 km bụ 1.9 lita). Ekwe omume nke electric moto nke dizel ojii n'ụgbọala kwere ruo electric 50 kilomita.

Honda Civic ngwakọ ( "Honda-Civic")

Car mmepe adaberewo na ndị dị mkpa dị n'ji ji mara dị ka nkasi obi, mmanụ ụgbọala aku na uba na irè. The isi mmiri nke ewu ewu na nke Honda Civic ngwakọ - compactness, eti juxtaposed na ike nke ngwakọ ekele pụrụ iche imewe ngwọta, arụmọrụ na mma imewe.

Atụmanya, ma ọ bụ a obere okwu na-arụ eziokwu ụka

Ngwakọ technology nwere ya na-akwado ma na-emegide. Ụfọdụ ndị kwenyesiri ike na ha mkpa na irè, ebe ndị ọzọ na-adịghị taya na-ezo aka-adịghị emezi emezi. Ọ bụrụ na ị ama aka a classic ụgbọ ala na a dizel ma ọ bụ mmanụ ụgbọala engine, ị na-amasị ya imewe, ala mmanụ ụgbọala oriri, oru na arụmọrụ àgwà, ọ bụ ike nke na ọ dịghị mkpa ka ọsọ ọsọ na Ịzụ nke a ngwakọ. Chere ruo mgbe emepụta ga-eme ka n'ahịa elu ndị ọzọ version.

Dị nnọọ adịghị ina kwa agbatị na-eche usoro, ka ọ ghara akwa ụta banyere furu efu oge na-eche ihe mere na ị na-etinye anya na-azụ ahịa. Dị ka ndị ọkachamara, na ngwakọ ụgbọala na n'ọdịnihu dị nso ga-a nkịtị n'anya na n'okporo ámá nke obodo ukwu na obere obodo. N'otu oge ahụ, e buru amụma a ịrịba mgbasa nke ẹdude nlereanya nso. Adọ ụdị ụfọdụ ga-a kwesiri ebe ọ bụla nke ụgbọ ala usoro - si supercars ka crossovers na minivans-ọrụ.