Gịnị bụ ezigbo aha nke Mark Twain?

Taa, anyị na-agwa banyere a ererimbot ama American dere, ọha ọgụgụ na ndi oru nta akuko. Real aha Mark Twain - Samuel Clemens. A muru ya na Missouri, obodo Florida, ke 1835, na 30 November. Samuel nwụrụ na 1910, 21 April. Ya creativity na-agụnye a dịgasị iche iche nke Genres - Satire, ọchị, oru ndi, akụkọ ifo, nkà ihe ọmụma na ndị ọzọ, na ihe nile ọ na-ewe na-agbanwe agbanwe ọnọdụ - Democrat na humanist.

Nyocha nke Mark Twain ọzọ so dee

Uilyam Folkner kwuru na Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain n'ezie aha) bụ nke mbụ n'ezie American dere. Na Ernest Hemingway kweere na oge a na American akwụkwọ bịara kpamkpam si a akwụkwọ a na-akpọ Twain "The Adventures nke Huckleberry Finn." Na Russia, ụlọ dere karịsịa ji obi ụtọ banyere Samuel Clemens zara Alexander Kuprin na Maxim Gorky.

Mmalite nke aha otutu

The ugbu aha nke onye dere Mark Twain yitụbeghị ha n'akwụkwọ nke ọrụ. Ọ na-aka pseudonym. Na-ede na-ekwu na aha nke ọ ghọrọ nwa okorobịa na-akpọ onwe ha - Mark Tven - okwu na-abịa site n'osimiri igodo. N'oge ahụ, ọdịnihu onye so dee na-eje ozi na Mississippi nnyemaaka pilot na-eti a (na English translation maka "akara abua" ụda pụtara n'ụzọ nkịtị "akara abụọ") na-egosi na akara na sounding akara ruru kasị ala kwesịrị ekwesị n'ihi na amaokwu dị iche iche na osimiri nka a omimi nke 2 fathoms (banyere 3.7 mita).

Ma, e nwere ihe ọzọ version nke ọkọdọhọ edemede mbido nke aha otutu: na otu nke American magazin 1861 enwere a kemmeochi akụkọ "The North Star" Artemus Ward, na-agwa nke atọ-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri, aha otu n'ime ha bụ Mark Tven (a ezigbo aha Mark Twain, anyị ugbua kọwara). Samuel hụrụ n'anya na-atọ ọchị ngalaba nke magazin a na-akpọ "Ihe Efu Fair". A onye edemede nọ na nke mbụ arụmọrụ (nke na-e dere n'okpuru ebe) na-agụ ya na-arụ ọrụ Artemus Ward.

E wezụga n'elu utu aha, na 1896, Samuel ozugbo aka aha "Sieur Lui De Conte". N'okpuru ya, o bipụtara otu nke ya akwụkwọ ọgụgụ.

Nwata na-eto eto dere

Samuel a mụrụ na a obere obodo a na-akpọ Florida, emi odude ke United States, na ala nke Missouri. O mechara jiri egwuregwu kwuo na mụbara ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị bi n'ime ya site na otu percent ka ọdịdị ya na ụwa. Nwa ahụ na-atọ nke ụmụ anọ Jọn na Jane Clemens. Mgbe ọ dị obere, ndị mụrụ m kpaliri ke search of a mma ndụ n'obodo Hannibal na otu ala. Ọ bụ ya na ndị bi na e mesịrị nadigh anwu anwu ke ọwọrọetop ọrụ nke Samuel Clemens, karịsịa nke e bipụtara na 1876 nchụàjà "The Adventures nke Tom Sawyer."

ọrụ mbụ

Na 1847, papa ya nwụrụ nke oyi baa Clemens, mgbe ahapụ ụmụ a ọtụtụ nke ụgwọ. Diọkpara aha ya bụ Orion anya malitere na-ebipụta ya akwụkwọ akụkọ na Sam malitere ime ka onyinye kpatara dị ka a typesetter, na mgbe ụfọdụ ndị na-ede akwụkwọ dị iche iche na isiokwu. Ọ dị ka ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị kasị controversial na; odide nke akwụkwọ e dere nnọọ nwanne, mgbe Orion bụ nke obodo ahụ. Sam nwekwara mgbe ụfọdụ gaa New York na St. Louis.

Oge na-amalite a ọrụ dere

Call nke Mississippi emecha sere Mark Twain, o wee malite ije ozi na ụgbọ mmiri dị ka a pilot. Ọ bụ a ọrụ nke na-ekwupụta na site Clemens, ya ga-arara niile ndụ ya, ma na mmalite nke a agha obodo, nke biri na 1861, na nkeonwe mbupu ụlọ ọrụ. N'ọdịnihu dere ya na ya mere amanye ịchọ ọrụ ọzọ.

Entry n'ime Masonic Lodge

O sonyeere Freemason ọbịa na-ebi "Polar Star" na May 1861 na St. Louis. Samuel zitere n'oge a na-eme njem site na Palestine "hama" na adreesị igbe, nke na-mmasị a akwụkwọ ozi, makpuru na a kemmeochi style. Na ya, ọ na-asian ụmụnna ahụ nke hama e pịrị ha ogwe nke cedar nke Lebanon, nke a na-kụrụ nso mgbidi Jerusalem, Gotfrid Bulonsky.

Mark Tven (ezigbo aha nke onye dere - Samuel Clemens) mgbe a nkenke maara ndị agha (ahụmahụ, nke o kọwara n'ụzọ doro anya na 1885), na July 1861 agha wee ruo n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ. N'oge ahụ, nwanne ya nwoke Orion jụrụ ịghọ gọvanọ nke Secretary-Administered Nevada. Orion na Sam nọkwasịrị n'ala ahịhịa dị larịị izu abụọ a stagecoach na Virginia Ngwuputa obodo, ebe silver e mined.

na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ

Twain dị ka onye edemede kpụrụ kpomkwem a ahụmahụ nke bi n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ United States. Ọ kpụrụ ihe ndabere maka ya nke abụọ n'akwụkwọ. Na-enwe olileanya ime ka a uba na Nevada, Clemens n'ọrụ dị ka a na-egwuputa wee malite wepụ silver. Onye dere nwere ibi ndụ a ogologo oge n'ebe ha mara ụlọikwuu na ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ ndị - a na ụzọ ndụ kọwara ya mgbe e mesịrị na akwụkwọ. Ma emeghị ibu a ọma prospector Samuel, ọ na-amanye na-ahapụ anụ ma na-na otu akwụkwọ akụkọ na Virginia, ebe ọ malitere iji oge mbụ mere ya ma ama pseudonym Mark Tven. Writer na 1864 kpaliri California, San Francisco, ebe ọ malitere na-ebipụta isiokwu n'out oge maka ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ. N'ihi Twain na 1865 wee akpa ịga nke ọma na ubi nke akwụkwọ, mgbe o kere kemmeochi akụkọ chere mma ike na America a ngwaahịa na a kemmeochi genre na reprinted gafee America.

Samuel Clemens duru Hawaii akwụkwọ akụkọ "Sacramento Union" ke ini utọ 1866. Ọ bụ na ọ na nke njem ya dee akwụkwọ ozi banyere gara aga ahụmahụ na ya. Ha na-alọta onye edemede nọ na San Francisco eche na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ihe ịga nke ọma. Dzhon Mak mbo, Colonel, ndị nkwusa nke a akwụkwọ akụkọ a na-akpọ "Alta California", tụrụ aro ka Mark Twain ịgagharị gburugburu ala na-agụ ụtọ na nkuzi. Ha ozugbo nweela obosara ewu ewu, na onye dere, na n'ịnọgide na-ege ntị na bụla na-ege ntị na-achịkọta dollar, gaa dum ala.

The mbụ e bipụtara akwụkwọ

Mark Tven (ezigbo aha nke onye dere ha anyị n'ihu n'elu) dị ka onye edemede nke nwetara mbụ ịga nke ọma ọzọ nke njem ya. Ọ rịọrọ na 1867. Mack Comba ịkwado ya njem na Middle East na Europe. Dị ka a na-ede akụkọ na June nke afọ a ọ na osisi "esi City" gara Old World. Na August, onye dere wee Sevastopol, Yalta na Odessa. Mark Tven (ezigbo aha Mark Twain - Samuel Clemens) na ihe ndị mejupụtara nke mbon gara Russian ship nke eze ukwu ahụ biri na Livadia.

dere ya n'oge ya njem iji Asia na Europe gara ụlọ ọrụ na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ, na mgbe ahụ ghọrọ ihe ndabere nke a akwụkwọ a na-akpọ "The nēmeghi ihe ọjọ Abroad". Enye akamanade ke 1869, bụ ihe ịga nke ọma. Ọtụtụ ndị maara nke onye dere na njedebe nke ndụ ya dị ka Onye Okike nke na-arụ ọrụ.

Na 1870 Samuel ndọ Olivia Langdon, we biri n'obodo Buffalo, bụ nke dị na US steeti New York. Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ kwagara Hartford (CT). Oge a ji okwu na England na United States. Mgbe a so dee malitere ike a nkọ Satire, na-akatọ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na American ọha. Nke a bụ karịsịa njirimara maka bipụtara 1883 collection titled "Life na Mississippi".

ya ọrụ

The kasị dị ịrịba onyinye nke onye dere na American na ụwa akwụkwọ a na-ewere ya nchụàjà "The Adventures nke Huckleberry Finn." Nnọọ na-ewu ewu bụ ndị na-anọgide na dị ka "The Prince na ogbenye ọnụ ntụ," "The Adventures nke Tom Sawyer," "A Connecticut Yankee", nakwa dị ka e hotara na mbụ n'akwụkwọ "Life na Mississippi", esịnede autobiographical akụkọ. Onye dere malitere ya ọrụ na ndị na-enweghị na-atọ ọchị amaokwu, na dechara edemede mmadụ omume ọma, juputara n'utu asusu na satirical akwụkwọ nta na nkà ihe ọmụma reflections na akara aka nke ihe dum mmepeanya.

Ọtụtụ okwu ihu ọha ma ọha anya ma ọ bụ na-adịghị dere ma ọ bụ na-efu, ụfọdụ akwụkwọ ozi na ọrụ machibidoro ibipụta site na Onye Okike na ya ndụ na ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ mgbe ọnwụ nke onye dere.

Mark Tven bụ ezigbo orator. Inwe akwụ ama na ude, o jiri a ọtụtụ oge na-achọ na-eto eto talent, nke na-enyere na-agbaji na-enyemaka nke na-edu na-ebipụta ụlọ ọrụ, enwetara a dere.

Mmasị na sayensị na enyi Nikola naa

Samuel bụ ụtọ nke na nkà mmụta sayensị nsogbu. Ọ bụ enyi Nikola naa nọrọ a otutu oge na ya lab. The ọrụ bụ "A Connecticut Yankee" onye so dee gụnyere oge njem, nke mere ka eziokwu ahụ bụ na oge a na teknụzụ pụtara n'oge King Arthur na England. E zoro aka na nchụàjà oru nkọwa na-atụ aro na-ede akwụkwọ maara na nkà mmụta sayensị rụzuru nke ya oge.

nnyocha arụmụka

Mgbe ụfọdụ, onye ọrụ nke Mark Twain, American nnyocha machibidoro na-ebipụta, dị iche iche ihe. Nke a bụ tumadi ruru ka ifịk na-elekọta mmadụ na ụmụ nwoke na ọnọdụ nke na-ede akwụkwọ. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha nwere ike mejọọ okpukpe mmetụta na ya dịkọrọ ndụ, ya mere Twain emeghị ebipụta ndị a ọrụ. Ka ihe atụ, ọ nọgidere na-bipụtara ruo 1916, "The Omimi amabughị". Ụfọdụ ọrụ nke mgbochi okpukpe nghazi ruo 1940 na e bipụtara.

Na 2000s, ọzọ e nwere mgbalị US ka tie iwu megide "The Adventures nke Huckleberry Finn" n'ihi na eziokwu na ọ na e dere naturalistic nkọwa na ọnụ okwu ndị a na-akpasu iwe ka isi ojii. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ megidere empaya na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na ha jụrụ nke ikpeazụ wee a ọtụtụ n'ihu karịa ọtụtụ n'ime ya dịkọrọ ndụ, okwu, nke na ụbọchị nke a na-ede ndidi n'ozuzu eji taa n'ezie na-ada ka agbụrụ slurs. Na United States na 2011, na February, e nwere mbipụta mbụ nke "The Adventures nke Tom Sawyer" na "Huckleberry Finn", kere site a so dee n'okpuru pseudonym nke Mark Tven (ezigbo aha - Samuel Langhorne Clemens) na nke okwu ndị a na-anọchi ndị ọzọ, na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ezi .

Dị otú ahụ bụ a nkenke biography nke onye dere.

Ya mere, anyị hụrụ ezigbo aha Mark Twain. Foreign Literature (mezuwo 4) anyị mata nke a na-ede akwụkwọ. novelist na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị amụrụ. Otú ọ dị, ke ala ọmụmụ adịkarịghị banyere eziokwu na Mark Twain - a pseudonym. Ugbu a ị maara ihe bụ ezigbo aha nke Mark Twain si Akụkọ nke "The Adventures nke Tom Sawyer" - a ọrụ nke na-emekarị na-agụnye ke n'ụlọ akwụkwọ.